Malignant Tumors of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract as Seen in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

Background: Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract constitute a diverse heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms with unique epidemiological; pathological; and treatment considerations. Only few studies have been conducted so far on these tumors in Nigeria. This study aims to study in greater detail; the pathological features of these cancers in Nigerian patients. Materials and Methods: The surgical specimens of patients diagnosed with malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tracts in the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine; Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) in Ile-Ife; Nigeria; over a 10-year period; formed the basis of this study. Analysis was done for differences in proportion using the Chi-square test (P is significant at 0.05) by SPSS version 15. Results: There were a total of 62 cases. The overall mean age was 50.7 years; while the age range was from 3 years to 90 years. The male to female ratio was 3.1:1. A majority of the patients (67.7) were older than 40 years. About 30.6; 27.4; and 16.1 of cases occurred in the larynx; nasopharynx; and nasal cavity; respectively; while 93.5 of the tumors were carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological variety. Nonepithelial tumors were not seen below the age of 20 years. Conclusion: This study shows that malignant upper aerodigestive tract tumors seen in our environment are mainly diseases of adulthood that tend to occur about seven to nine years earlier than in other populations. Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histological variety. Although the larynx is the most frequent anatomic site; the nasopharynx and nasal cavity are more commonly affected than the oral cavity unlike in other populations. Nonepithelial tumors are extremely rare below the age of 20 years

Morbidite par tumeurs de la sphere tete et cou a Bamako

Ce travail rapporte sur une annee (nov 2004-oct 2005) les resultats d'une etude descriptive realisee sur les tumeurs de la tete et du cou dans le service ORL de l'hopital Gabriel Toure de Bamako. Ont ete inclus tous les patients dont les dossiers comportaient les parametres suivants : epidemiologique (age; sexe; profession; residence et delai de consultation); facteurs d'exposition; localisation anatomoclinique et resultat histologique; et les donnees de l'imagerie. Ont ete exclues toutes les tumeurs de cette region dont les dossiers etaient incomplets ainsi que les tumeurs de l'oeil et de ses annexes et les tumeurs endocraniennes. Nous avons pu colliger 60 cas; et 25 dossiers n'ont pu etre exploites. Parmi les 60 cas retenus; 24 tumeurs etaient des tumeurs malignes (40) et 36 tumeurs benignes. Dans les tumeurs benignes; le goitre a ete le plus retrouve avec a l'etude histologique une predominance de l'adenome colloidal (15 cas sur 36 soit 41;67). D'autres tumeurs rares ont ete notees entre autre le rhinosclerome (5 cas soit 13;89); le papillome inverse des fosses nasales (2 cas soit 5;55). Ces tumeurs benignes n'ont pas pose de problemes de prise en charge. Quant aux tumeurs malignes; nous avons eu une predominance de cancers pharyngo-larynges (11 cas/24) avec le carcinome epidermoide comme type histologique le plus frequent. Dans ce lot on a eu deux carcinomes chez des enfants de moins de quinze ans. Nous n'avons pas pu relever de particularites; entre autre pas de facteurs d'exposition individualisable. D'autres tumeurs malignes tels que les cancers nasosinusiens et les carcinomes de la thyroide ont ete relevees. Ces tumeurs malignes ont generalement consulte a un stade avance de la maladie

Primary head and neck cancers in Jos; Nigeria: A re-visit

Background: To document the pattern of primary head and neck cancers in Jos; Nigeria. Study Design: A record-based study of head and neck cancers histologically diagnosed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH); Jos; between January 1987 and December 2002. Results: A total of 710 cases (over 44 cases per year) were diagnosed; with a rising trend. The most common sites for cancer were the eyes (15.4); lymph nodes (12.4); thyroid gland (11.8) and the oral cavity (7.6). Carcinomas 432(60.8); lymphomas 119(16.8) and sarcomas 105(14.8) were the commonly reported cancers. Carcinomas were most commonly reported in the thyroid gland (19.2); oral cavity (10.2) and the eyes (9.5). AIDS-related cancers constituted 12.3of all head and neck cancers and were commonly reported in the 3rd decade of life. This is higher than the 10.9and 7.6previously reported for Jos (p=0.89) and Maiduguri (p=0.034) respectively. Carcinomas were associated with alcohol use and tobacco smoking (p0.001); while kaposi sarcoma was more associated with HIV-positive patients than squamous cell carcinoma (p