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1.
Afr. j. lab. med. (Online) ; 11(1): 1-8, 2022. figures, tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1400558

ABSTRACT

Background: Causes of death during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ranhttp://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1766=pdf&date_stamp=2022-11-23ge from direct consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to deaths unrelated to SARS-CoV-2. Another feature of the pandemic is the post-mortem testing for SARS-CoV-2. Understanding these aspects of COVID-19 are essential in planning and limiting the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus on healthcare systems. Objective: This study investigated the underlying causes of death and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in bodies received at the 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted from 4­27 May 2020. Deceased patients that met the inclusion criteria were prospectively selected during the expanded surveillance period for SARS-CoV-2 testing, autopsy and determination of underlying and immediate cause of death. Results: A total of 161 deceased patients were analysed with 53 autopsies. The overall positive test rate for SARS-CoV-2 was 14.9% (24/161 patients), with a positive rate of 5.0% (8/161 patients) for nasopharyngeal samples and 30.2% (16/161 patients) for bronchopulmonary samples. The underlying causes of death were not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 85.1% (137/161) of patients, SARS-CoV-2-associated 12.4% (20/161) and SARS-CoV-2-induced in 2.5% (4/161). Cardiovascular complications formed the most common cause of death in patients with or without SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: There was a high positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in post-mortem cases. However, most deaths were not caused by SARS-CoV-2 but by cardiovascular complications. The high rate of bronchopulmonary positive results for SARS-CoV-2 requires that autopsies be done in suspicious cases with negative nasopharyngeal sampling.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cause of Death , Delivery of Health Care , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Hospitals, Military , Autopsy , Pandemics , Ghana , Methods
2.
Ghana Med. J. (Online) ; 54(4): 52-61, 2020. ilus
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1262313

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Since the declaration of COVID-19 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a global pandemic on 11th March 2020, the number of deaths continue to increase worldwide. Reports on its pathologic manifestations have been published with very few from the Sub-Saharan African region. This article reports autopsies on COVID19 patients from the Ga-East and the 37 Military Hospitals to provide pathological evidence for better understanding of COVID-19 in Ghana. Methods: Under conditions required for carrying out autopsies on bodies infected with category three infectious agents, with few modifications, complete autopsies were performed on twenty patients with ante-mortem and/or postmortem RT -PCR confirmed positive COVID 19 results, between April and June ,2020. Results: There were equal proportion of males and females. Thirteen (65%) of the patients were 55years or older with the same percentage (65%) having Type II diabetes and/or hypertension. The most significant pathological feature found at autopsy was diffuse alveolar damage. Seventy per cent (14/20) had associated thromboemboli in the lungs, kidneys and the heart. Forty per cent (6/15) of the patients that had negative results for COVID-19 by the nasopharyngeal swab test before death had positive results during postmortem using bronchopulmonary specimen. At autopsy all patients were identified to have pre-existing medical conditions. Conclusion: Diffuse alveolar damage was a key pathological feature of deaths caused by COVID-19 in all cases studied with hypertension and diabetes mellitus being major risk factors. Individuals without co-morbidities were less likely to die or suffer severe disease from SARS-CoV-2


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Autopsy , Ghana , Hospitals, Military , Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
3.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 64(04): 220-224, 2017. tab
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1266242

ABSTRACT

Introduction : L'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer la situation des formes résistantes de tuberculose à Brazzaville à partir d'une analyse descriptive transversale de patients au service de médecine interne de l'Hôpital Central des Armées de mars 2014 à Juin 2015.Matériels et méthode : Pour 32 patients ayant répondu aux critères cliniques de recrutement, seuls 25 ont été inclus après confirmation microbiologique de la résistance à la rifampicine. Résultats : Le sex-ratio était de 2,6 en faveur des hommes. L'âge moyen était de 32 ± 7 ans. Les extrêmes d'âge étaient de 19 et 46 ans. Environ 66% des patients étaient dans l'informel. La résistance était présente dans 78% des cas et le diagnostic était long dans 60% des cas. Conclusion : La TB-MDR est une réalité qui pose un problème diagnostique et thérapeutique par manque d'une prise en charge codifiée et d'antituberculeux de deuxième ligne


Subject(s)
Congo , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Hospitals, Military , Rifampin , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
4.
Health sci. dis ; 17(2): 38-40, 2016.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1262753

ABSTRACT

Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective menée sur cinq ans à l'hôpital d'instruction des armées Omar Bongo Ondimba au cours de laquelle nous avons obtenu les résultats suivants : une prévalence de 0,78.Une prédominance masculine (68,9%), avec un âge moyen de 66 ans chez des patients présentant des co-morbidités à type de diabète (6,6%) et d'HTA (36,34%). La majorité des patients était des sans-emploi (31,45%). Les antécédents tabagiques (principale étiologie) étaient retrouvés dans 85% des cas avec 70% de fumeurs actifs et une consommation moyenne de 24±18 paquets/année.Le motif de consultation le plus fréquent était la dyspnée (50,8%) alors que le facteur favorisant prédominant était le tabac (83,6%). Mais les infections (surtout tuberculeuse) vienaient en seconde position (9,84%). L'anomalie radiologique la plus fréquente était l'emphysème centro lobulaire (30,51%). Les patients étaient pour la plupart au stade II (57,4%). Ils avaient quasiment tous bénéficié de beta 2 mimétiques (95,08%) et de corticothérapie inhalées (91,80%).La BPCO est une maladie chronique évolutive dont la principale cause reste le tabac (surtout en Occident). Mais la pollution et les infections post tuberculeuses ne doivent pas être négligées dans les pays en voie de développement. Ceci nécessite de la part des pouvoirs publics une mobilisation des ressources humaines et financières avec intégration de la BPCO dans le programme de santé publique. Le dépistage (peak Flow dans les salles de consultation) et la prise en charge des patients doivent être assurés. Il faut élaborer un cadre législatif anti-tabac et renforcer les moyens préventifs et thérapeutiques de la lutte contre la tuberculose


Subject(s)
Gabon , Hospitals, Military , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Tobacco Smoking
5.
Afr. j. lab. med. (Online) ; 5(1): 1-6, 2016. ilus
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1257309

ABSTRACT

Background: Recent reports have shown an expansion of Lassa virus from the area where it was first isolated in Nigeria to other areas of West Africa. Two Ghanaian soldiers on a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Liberia were taken ill with viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome following the death of a sick colleague and were referred to a military hospital in Accra; Ghana; in May 2013. Blood samples from the soldiers and five asymptomatic close contacts were subjected to laboratory investigations.Objective: We report the results of these investigations to highlight the importance of molecular diagnostic applications and the need for heightened awareness about Lassa fever in West Africa.Methods: We used molecular assays on sera from the two patients to identify the causativeorganism. Upon detection of positive signals for Lassa virus ribonucleic material by two different polymerase chain reaction assays; sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed.Results: The presence of Lassa virus in the soldiers' blood samples was shown by L-gene segment homology to be the Macenta and las803792 strains previously isolated in Liberia; with close relationships then confirmed by phylogenetic tree construction. The five asymptomatic close contacts were negative for Lassa virus.Conclusions: The Lassa virus strains identified in the two Ghanaian soldiers had molecular epidemiological links to strains from Liberia. Lassa virus was probably responsible for the outbreak of viral haemorrhagic fever in the military camp. These data confirm Lassa fever endemicity in West Africa


Subject(s)
Ghana , Hospitals, Military , Lassa Fever , Polymerase Chain Reaction
7.
Médecine Tropicale ; 68(1): 38-40, 2008.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1266807

ABSTRACT

L'objectif etait de preciser la morbi-mortalite des militaires a l'HMA. Il s'agit d'une retrospective realisee sur dossiers des patients hospitalises au service de medecine interne de l'Hopital Militaire d'Abidjan (HMA) du 1er janvier au 31 decembre 2004. Les 155 militaires inclus dans l'etude ont developpe 259 pathologies dont 208 pathologies medicales infectieuses (80;5); 48 medicales non infectieuses (18;5) et 3 pathologies chirurgicales (1). Les principales pathologies observees etaient l'infection a VIH (85 cas ; 42); la pneumopathie (40 cas ; 19); la toxoplasmose cerebrale (22 cas ; 10;5); le paludisme (18 cas ; 9) et la tuberculose (11 cas ; 5). Les causes directes de deces etaient la toxoplasmose cerebrale (32); une pneumopathie (28); la tuberculose (16) et le paludisme grave (12). La prevalence de l'infection a VIH chez les decedes etait de 76. La morbi-mortalite de militaires a l'HMA est essentiellement du fait de l'infection a VIH et ses complications. Des mesures de prevention specifiques devraient etre mises en oeuvre pour un controle efficace de cette epidemie


Subject(s)
Hospitals, Military , Military Personnel , Morbidity , Mortality
8.
Thesis in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1276946

ABSTRACT

De cette etude retrospective; transversale et descriptive dont l'objectif principal etait de dresser le profil des patients decedes en hospitalisation de medecine interne a l'HMA; il ressort une moyenne annuelle de 19;4 deces. Les patients de sexe masculin et la tranche d'age de 31 a 45 ans representaient respectivement 70pour cent et 44;4pour cent de decedes. Les deces se faisaient en majorite dans l'annee 2002; en mars; les jeudi et entre 19h et 06 h. Les civils ont ete enregistres a 64;3pour cent. Les trois premieres causes de mortalite etaient les maladies respiratoires; les maladies neurologiques et les maladies infectieuses et parasitaires avec respectivement 25;2pour cent; 23;5pour cent et 14;6pour cent. La seroprevalence de l'infection VIH chez les patients decedes etait de 86;3pour cent. Il parait necessaire d'effectuer des modifications pour une meilleure gestion des patients


Subject(s)
Hospital Mortality , Hospitalization , Hospitals, Military , Internal Medicine
9.
Thesis in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1277277

ABSTRACT

De cette etude retrospective; transversale et descriptive dont l'objectif principal etait de dresser le profit des patients hospitalises en Option : Medecine interne a I'HMA; il ressort une predominance de sujets de sexe masculin avec 62;1pour cent. Les patients de 25-45 ans representaient 44;7pour cent des admissions qui se faisaient en majorite les lundi. Les civils ont ete admis a 69;8pour cent. La morbidite etait dominee par les maladies infectieuses et parasitaires; les maladies respiratoires; les maladies neurologiques et psychiatrique; les maladies cardiovasculaires et les maladies digestives qui se partageaient plus de 80pour cent de la morbidite hospitaliere. La seroprevalence du VIH etait estime a 69;8pour cent chez les patients testes. La mortalite globale etait egale a 16;9pour cent La premiere cause de mortalite etait la pathologie respiratoire avec 25pour cent des deces. La seroprevalence de l'infection a VIH chez les patients etait de 44;6pour cent. Il parait necessaire d'effectuer des modifications pour une meilleure gestion des patients


Subject(s)
Factor Analysis, Statistical , Hospitals, Military
11.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1257338

ABSTRACT

Background: Consistency among clinical symptoms, laboratory results and autopsy findings can be a quality measure in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There have been classic clinical cases that have met the case definition of COVID-19 but real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) tests of nasopharyngeal swabs were negative. Objectives: This study aimed to share pathological observations of autopsies performed at the 37 Military Hospital's Department of Anatomical Pathology on three presumed COVID-19 cases in Accra, Ghana. Method: Complete autopsies with detailed gross and histopathological analysis were conducted between April 2020 and May 2020 on three suspected COVID-19 cases, of which two had initial negative (rRT-PCR) nasopharyngeal tests. Postmortem bronchopulmonary samples of two cases were collected and tested by rRT-PCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results: The two postmortem bronchopulmonary samples tested for SARS-CoV-2 by rRT-PCR were positive. Though no postmortem bronchopulmonary sample was taken from the third case, a close contact tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in later contact tracing. For all three cases, lung histopathological findings were consistent with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Conclusion: The outcome of COVID-19 testing is dependent on the sample type and accuracy of sampling amongst other factors. Histopathological findings vary and may be dependent on a patient's modifying factors, as well as the duration of infection. More autopsies are required to fully understand the pathogenesis of this disease in Ghanaians


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , False Negative Reactions , Ghana , Hospitals, Military
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