Assessment of distribution, knowledge and utilization of insecticide treated nets in selected malaria prone areas of Ethiopia

Background: Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) reduce malaria related mortality and morbidity significantly. Taking this into account; the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health has been distributing ITNs to malaria prone areas of the country through the support of the Global Fund. Objective: To study distributional coverage and assess the knowledge and utilization of insecticide treated nets in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 17 malarious districts targeted for the first phase free distribution of long lasting insecticide treats nets (LLITNs) by the Ministry of Health in 9 administrative regions from October 2005 to September 2006. Region specific list of malarious districts where MOH distributed ITNs was used as the sampling frame for stratified random sampling of districts. One kebele (sub district) was selected from each of the selected districts using simple random sampling; and 15of the total households in the selected kebeles were selected using systematic random sampling. Upon obtaining informed consent from the household head or the oldest person in the household the questionnaire was administered and information was recorded. Data were double entered using EpiData version 3 and analyzed using SPSS version 12. Results: A total of 3131 households were visited; and 51.6of the respondents were males. The overall ITN distribution and utilization were 97.6and 81.6; respectively. The majority of households (53.2) owned a single net per family; highest in Dire Dawa (93.7) and lowest in Afar (17.6). Thirty eight percent of the respondents owned two nets per household. Most of the respondents (91.1) cited that ITNs are useful to control malaria either through prevention of mosquito bites (60) or prevention of the disease (39). Conclusion: ITN distribution; utilization; knowledge of users and its acceptability were good considering the recent introduction of the products. However; the person net ratio gap should be narrowed and emphasis needs to be given to vulnerable groups

The practices of spray operators in the Mpumalanga Malaria Control Programme using insecticides for residual indoor spraying

Pesticide poisoning poses a health risk to individuals throughout the world. In Mpumalanga Province spray teams apply local insecticides to indoor surfaces of households just prior to the rainy season to control malaria. Workers are exposed to pesticides during this process. This cross sectional study compared prescribed safe handling and deltamethrin application practices of Mpumalanga malaria spray operators versus actual practices in the field. Most (91) of the spray operators were included in the study. A tick list and interview was utilized to observe field practices and enquire about reasons for non-compliance. Only 28 of operators complied with all prescribed safe handling practices. Gloves; face shields and masks were not utilized as recommended and contributed to the highest levels of non-compliance. Compliance was found to be dependent on gender; age; years of experience; education level and employment status. The low compliance rate necessitates further investigation of the malaria programme occupational safety management system. All stakeholders need to be aware of the consequences of pesticide poisoning and to collaborate in efforts to work towards prevention