Place de la tomodensitométrie dans la prise en charge des occlusions intestinales aigues à Dakar / Place of tomodensitometry in the management of acute intestinal occlusions in Dakar

ntroduction : L'occlusion intestinale aiguë (OIA) est un syndrome défini par l'arrêt du transit intestinal provoqué par un obstacle ou par une paralysie du péristaltisme intestinal. Il s'agit d'une urgence diagnostique et thérapeutique. Le scanner multibarrette a révolutionné la prise en charge de cette pathologie, car permettant de répondre aux différentes questions du chirurgien.Le but de notre étude était de décrire les aspects scanographiques des OIA, de déterminer les étiologies et de montrer la place de la TDM dans la prise en charge des OIA. Matériel et Méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive réalisée sur 05ans (Janvier 2010 à décembre 2015) portant sur 81 dossiers de patients colligés dans les services d'imagerie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec et de l'hôpital Principal. Les dossiers retenus sont ceux dont le diagnostic était établi à partir de la clinique, de l'imagerie et/ou non de la chirurgie. Résultats : Les occlusions mécaniques représentaient 94,4% (76 cas) et fonctionnelles 5.6% (05 cas). Elles étaient de type grêle dans 70% des cas et colique dans 30%. Les lésions élémentaires mises en évidence étaient : zone transitionnelle (36 patients), signe du fèces (28 patients), signe du bec (06 patients), signe du tourbillon (11 patients), signes de gravité (36 patients). Soixante-douze patients ont bénéficié d'une chirurgie et 04 patients d'un traitement médical. Le diagnostic préopératoire était confirmé par la chirurgie chez 68 patients. La chirurgie a redressé le diagnostic dans 04 cas. Les signes de gravité étaient confirmés à la chirurgie chez tous nos patients. Conclusion : La TDM occupe une place prépondérante dans le choix thérapeutique des OIA. Elle doit être demandée en première intention devant un syndrome occlusif

Introduction: Acute intestinal obstruction (AIO) is a syndrome defined by the cessation of intestinal transit caused by an obstacle or paralysis of intestinal peristalsis. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. The multi-bar CT scan has revolutionized the management of this pathology, as it allows the surgeon to answer different questions. The aim of our study was to describe the CT aspects of AIO, to determine the etiologies and to show the place of CT in the management of AIO. Material and Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over 5 years (January 2010 to December 2015) on 81 patient files collected in the imaging departments of the CHU Aristide Le Dantec and the Hôpital Principal. The files retained were those whose diagnosis was established from the clinic, imaging and/or not from surgery. Results: Mechanical occlusions represented 94.4% (76 cases) and functional occlusions 5.6% (05 cases). They were of the small bowel type in 70% of cases and colonic in 30%. The elementary lesions found were: transitional zone (36 patients), feces sign (28 patients), beak sign (06 patients), whirlpool sign (11 patients), signs of severity (36 patients). Seventytwo patients received surgery and 04 patients received medical treatment. The preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by surgery in 68 patients. Surgery corrected the diagnosis in 04 cases. Signs of severity were confirmed at surgery in all our patients. Conclusion: The CT scan has a major role in the therapeutic choice of AIO. It should be requested in first intention before an occlusive syndrome

Syndrome occlusif au décours d'une ingestion chronique de Kaolin ("Kew"). A propos d'une observation

Le pica est un trouble du comportement alimentaire fréquemment rencontré chez les femmes et les enfants. Il se caractérise par l'ingestion d'objets ou de substances non-comestibles comme la craie, le charbon, le savon, le métal, le sable etc... Nous rapportons une observation d'une patiente de 20 ans avec notion d'autisme depuis l'enfance et d'addiction à la géophagie (Kaolin appelé "kéw" au Sénégal) depuis plusieurs années qui a eu à consulter pour des douleurs abdominales associées à des ballonnements abdominaux, une hématémèse et un arrêt complet des matières et des gaz. Son examen clinique avait objectivé un abdomen légèrement sensible sans défense ni cris de l'ombilic et le toucher rectal avait objectivé un fécalome de consistance dure. Le bilan biologique était normal en dehors d'une légère hypokaliémie, le test de Wide était négatif. La radiographie de l'abdomen sans préparation avait objectivé des micro calcifications en amas au niveau du rectum confortée par la tomodensitométrie abdomino-pelvienne qui avait en plus infirmé l'existence d'une perforation d'organe et de souffrance viscérale. Un traitement évacuateur mécanique consistant en la mise en place d'une sonde d'intubation orotrachéale charnière n°6 au niveau du rectum avec ballonnet gonflé et irrigation par 500 ml de sérum savonneux stérile suivi d'une évacuation au doigt avait permis d'évacuer la quasi-totalité des corps étrangers endorectaux confirmée par la radiographie de contrôle. Devant la constatation d'une ré-ingestion au bout d'une semaine avec une radiographie de l'abdomen sans préparation qui avait montré des images quasi-superposable, la patiente a été adressée en consultation psychiatrique pour un suivi

Occlusion intestinale pendant la grossesse au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Treichville (Abidjan - Côte d'Ivoire)

Introduction : La survenue d'une occlusion intestinale pendant la grossesse est une situation rare qui met en jeu rapidement le pronostic materno-fœtal.Observation : Nous rapportons un cas d'occlusion intestinale diagnostiquée à la 33ème semaine de grossesse chez une patiente de 23 ans, ayant un antécédent de salpingectomie. Le diagnostic a été posé tardivement, sur des arguments cliniques. Le traitement qui a consisté à réaliser en urgence une césarienne première suivi d'une iléostomie proximale, a permis de sauver l'enfant et la mère.Discussion : Cette observation nous permet de discuter les mécanismes physiopathologiques, et les difficultés de la prise en charge de l'occlusion intestinale aiguë au cours de la grossesse dans nos pays tropicaux à plateau technique limité

Dynamic Bowel Obstruction: Aetiology; Clinical Presentation; Management and Outcome at Bugando Medical Centre; Mwanza; Tanzania

Dynamic bowel obstruction is a common and potentially dangerous surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. No prospective study has been done on this subject in our setting. This study was conducted to describe in our region; the aetiology; clinical presentation; management and outcome of dynamic bowel obstruction. Data were analyzed using SPSS software system. A total of 342 patients were studied. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 2.1: 1. The median age of patients at presentation was 34 years (range 11 to 78 years). Obstructed hernias (32.7) were the commonest cause of dynamic bowel obstruction. Abdominal pain (100) and vomiting (86.5) were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Thirty-one (9.1) patients were HIV positive. Small bowel was the commonest site of obstruction accounting for 89.2 of cases. Herniorrhaphy was the most frequent surgical procedure performed in 112 (32.7) patients. Surgical site infection (38.8) was the most common post-operative complication and it was significantly associated with HIV positivity and low CD 4+ count (p0.001). The overall median of length of hospital stay was 26 days (range 1 to 72 days). Patients who had postoperative complications stayed longer in the hospital and this was statistically significant (p

Outcomes of surgical treatment of malrotation in children

Background: Urethral mucosal prolapse is rare. This condition may be confused with tumour or sexual abuse in girls. This study aims at reporting the pathology presentation and therapeutic options of urethral prolapse in girls. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken from January 2000 to December 2008. Authors analysed the clinical features and the treatment options. Results: There were nine cases of urethral prolapse. The ages ranged from 2.5 to 10 years (mean age: 5.08 years). The main presentation was vaginal bleeding (five cases). Physical examination revealed a soft; non-tender mass that bleeds on touch (six cases); with a length ranging from 0.75 to 1 cm. Urine culture in four patients revealed urinary infection that yielded Escherichia coli in three cases and the Staphylococcus aureus in one case. Six patients had surgical treatment while three had medical treatment. In those who had surgery; one had acute urine retention and one had recurrence that was treated successfully without operation. All the nine girls are cured. Conclusion: Urethral prolapse is a disease of the prepubertal girls of low socio-economic group. Diagnosis is clinical. The treatment of choice is surgical

Is nonoperative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction applicable to children in a resource-poor country?

BACKGROUND: Nonoperative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction gives good results in adults but there are scant studies on its outcome in children. This study reports outcomes and experiences with nonoperative and operative management of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children in a resource-poor country. PATIENTS AND METHODS:This is a retrospective analysis of records of children who were managed with adhesive intestinal obstruction at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between January 2002 and December 2008. RESULTS: Adhesive intestinal obstruction accounted for 21 (8.8%) of 238 children managed with intestinal obstruction. They were aged between 7 weeks and 16 years (mean 3 +/- 6.4 years), comprising 13 males and eight females (ratio 1.6:1). Prior laparotomy for gangrenous/perforated intussusception (seven, 33.3%), perforated appendix (five, 23.8%), perforated volvulus (three, 14.3%), penetrating abdominal trauma (two, 9.5%) and perforated typhoid (two, 9.5%) were major aetiologies. Adhesive obstruction occurred between 6 weeks and 7 years after the index laparotomies. All the 21 children had initial nonoperative management without success, owing to lack of total parenteral nutrition and monitoring facilities. Outcomes of open adhesiolysis performed between 26 and 48 h in six (28.6%) children due to poor response to nonoperative management, 11-13 days in 12 (57.1%) who responded minimally and 2-5 weeks in three (14.3%) who had relapse of symptoms were encouraging. Exploration of the 21 adhesive obstructions confirmed small bowel obstruction due to solitary bands (two, 9.5%), multiple bands/adhesions (13, 61.9%) and encasement, including one bowel gangrene (six, 28.6%). Postoperatively, the only child who had recurrence during 1-6 years of follow-up did well after a repeat adhesiolysis. CONCLUSION: Nonoperative management was unsuccessful in this setting. Open adhesiolysis may be adopted in children to prevent avoidable morbidities and mortalities in settings with limited resources

Determinants of mortality in neonatal intestinal obstruction in Ile Ife, Nigeria

Background: Neonatal intestinal obstruction (NIO) is a common cause of mortality. This study determined the causes of mortality in patients with NIO at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC); Ile Ife. Patients and Methods: Records of all cases of NIO managed at OAUTHC between January 1996 and December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed and the possible factors that may result in mortality were analysed. Results: Sixty-three neonates with intestinal obstruction were managed; representing 24.3of the neonatal admissions during the study period. Forty-two were males and 21 were females (M:F = 2:1). The majority (71.4) of the patients presented within the first week of life. Anorectal malformation constituted 57.1of the causes of NIO. Other causes included Hirschsprung's disease; duodenal atresia; intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus and jejunal atresia. There were 18 deaths; with a mortality rate of 28.6. Reoperation; postoperative bleeding and peroperative sepsis were significant determinants of mortality. Conclusion: NIO is associated with significant mortality in our centre. Repeat surgery; postoperative bleeding and sepsis were the significant factors that contributed to mortality in NIO

Neonatal intestinal obstruction in Benin, Nigeria

BACKGROUND:Intestinal obstruction is a life threatening condition in the newborn, with attendant high mortality rate especially in underserved subregion. This study reports the aetiology, presentation, and outcome of intestinal obstruction management in neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of neonatal intestinal obstruction at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria, between January 2006-June 2008. Data were collated on a structured proforma and analysed for age, sex, weight, presentation, type/date of gestation/delivery, aetiology, clinical presentation, associated anomaly, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: There were 71 neonates, 52 were males and 19 were females (2.7:1). Their age range was between 12 hours and 28 days (mean, 7.9 +/- 2.7 days) and they weighed between 1.8 and 5.2 kg (average, 3.2 kg). The causes of intestinal obstruction were: Anorectal anomaly, 28 (39.4%); Hirschsprung's disease, 8 (11.3%)' prematurity, 3 (4.2%); meconeum plug, 2 (2.8%); malrotation, 6 (8.5%); intestinal atresia, 8 (11.3%); necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), 4 (5.6%); obstructed hernia, 4 (5.6%); and spontaneous gut perforation, 3 (4.2%). Also, 27 (38%) children had colostomy, 24 (33.8%) had laparotomy, 9 (12.8%) had anoplasty, while 11 (15.4%) were managed nonoperatively. A total of 41 (57.7%) neonates required incubator, 26 (36.6%) needed total parenteral nutrition, while 15 (21.1%) require d paediatric ventilator. Financial constraint, late presentation, presence of multiple anomalies, aspiration, sepsis, gut perforation, and bowel gangrene were the main contributors to death. Neonates with lower obstructions had a better outcome compared to those having upper intestinal obstruction ( P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Outcomes of intestinal obstruction are still poor in our setting; late presentation, financial constraints, poor parental motivation and lack of basic facilities were the major determinants of mortality

Primary Malignant Tumours of the Small Intestine

Background: Primary malignant tumours of the small intestine are rare. These tumours constitute 1-5 of gastrointestinal tract malignancies despite the high rate of epithelial cell turnover and a large mucosal surface area. Clinical; radiological and endoscopic diagnostic difficulties continue to present challenges to surgeons. Primary malignant tumours cause intestinal obstruction necessitating emergency surgery following which diagnosis is made. The consequences of these are significant delay in diagnosis and finding of advanced tumour at surgery. Aim: This study set out to evaluate the management challenges of small intestinal malignancies and proffer solutions for improved outcome. Method : All the cases of primary malignant tumours of the small intestine were retrospectively reviewed for clinical presentation; diagnosis and outcome of treatment and compared with total gastrointestinal malignancies. Result: Seven patients were seen over a 10 - year period. The M: F ratio was 2.5:1 with an age range of 19-55 years and a mean of 43.3 years. The peak age group was in the 4th decade. Small intestinal malignancies accounted for 14.2 of gastrointestinal malignancies during the period of study. Intestinal obstruction was a common mode of presentation with the finding of advanced tumours at surgery. The most common tumour was adenocarcinoma 4(57.1) followed by lymphoma 2(28.6) and 1 case (14.3) of ileal carcinoid. The ileum was the most common site involved 6 (85.7). Conclusion: Malignancies of the small bowel should be considered in patients with recurrent abdominal pain; mass or intestinal obstruction. Aggressive investigation of patients with non specific abdominal symptomatology aimed at tumour localization and histologic diagnosis is important for early diagnosis and treatment for improved outcome

Ileosigmoid Knotting : A Report of Two Cases

Background: Ileosigmoid knotting (ISK) is a rare cause of acute intestinal obstruction with high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis is rarely made preoperatively because of its infrequency and the variations in presentation.Aim: To report two cases managed by the author; which will hopefully increase awareness of this condition.Case Reports: The first was a 51-year-old man who presented with a sudden onset of colicky lower abdominal pain; which later became generalized. His pulse rate was 100 beats/minute while his blood pressure was 80/60 mmHg.There was mild abdominal distension with absent bowel sounds. The second was a 50-year-old man with a sudden onset of generalized colicky abdominal pain; abdominal distension and vomiting. His pulse rate was 120 beats/minute and the blood pressure 80/50 mmHg. His bowel sounds were markedly reduced. They were resuscitated accordingly. In both patients; exploratory laparotomy revealed a copious amount of sero-sanguinous fluid in the peritoneal cavity with ileosigmoid knotting; and extensive gangrene involving the distal ileum and the sigmoid colon. In the first patient; the caecum was involved in the knot and therefore also gangrenous. Each of them had a sigmoid colectomy with a right hemicocetomy. The first patient died of adult respiratory distress syndrome while the other had an uneventful recovery. In the patient who died; surgery was done on the third day of onset of symptoms.Conclusion: A high index of suspicion; aggressive resuscitation; and prompt surgical intervention are indispensable for a successful outcome

Pancreas ectopique; cause inhabituelle d'une invagination intestinale aigue

Un pancreas ectopique a l'origine d'une d'invagination intestinale est rare. Nous en rapportons un cas chez une femme de 33 ans qui avait presente une occlusion intestinale aigue du grele. L'exploration chirurgicale en urgence montrait une invagination ileo-ileale dont l'origine etait une tumeur grelique de 1;5cm de diametre. L'histologie concluait en un ilot pancreatique ectopique. Les suites operatoires etaient simples. Les aspects epidemiologiques; diagnostiques et therapeutiques sont discutes

Abdominal actinomycosis; an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction

Background: Actinomycosis is a rare inflammatory disease caused by an anaerobic bacterium; Actinomyces israelii. Aim: To report a case of abdominal actinomycosis presenting as intestinal obstruction. Setting: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital; Port Harcourt. Case report: A 54-year-old gentleman was involved in a road traffic accident in which he sustained fractures of the right humerus and pubic rami. A month later; he developed signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction. At operation; a retroperitoneal mass obstructing the transverse colon and the proximal ileum was found and resected. Histological examination confirmed the mass to be due to actinomycosis infection. The patient was therefore placed on a parenteral therapy of 20 mega units of crystalline penicillin daily for three weeks and then a maintenance therapy of oral Amoxycillin for another six months. He recovered fully from the infection. Conclusion: Abdominal actinomycosis infection is an uncommon disease entity. Careful and expert histopathological analysis is essential in post operative diagnosis

Spectrum of causes of intestinal obstruction in adult Nigerian patients : general surgery

Objective. To present changes in the cause of intestinal obstruction in an African setting. Design. Consecutive cases of acute intestinal obstruction from 1985 to 1994. Setting. Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex; Ile-Ife; Nigeria. Subjects. Adult patients with clinical and radiological evidence of intestinal obstruction. Results. There were 99 patients (60 males) aged 15 - 101 years (mean age 45 years). The majority of patients were young and middle-aged adults. Main causes of obstruction included adhesion (N = 44); volvulus (N =15); external hernias (N = 11); colorectal carcinoma (N = 10) and intussusception (N = 8). Approximately twothirds of patients (28/44) with adhesion had had previous abdominal operations. The overall mortality was 14; mainly owing to strangulation obstruction and colonic malignancy. Conclusions. The increasing role of adhesions as a cause of acute intestinal obstruction demands greater need for routine preventive measures against adhesion formation

Les anastomoses bilio-digestives intra hepatiques gauches peripheriques dans le traitemenent des obstructions hilaires malignes: a propos de 5 cas observes dans le service de Chirurgie Generale et Digestive au CHU de Yopougon

Sans resume

Apport du scanner dans le diagnostic des occlusions organiques du grele chez l'adulte. Etude retrospective : a propos de 59 cas

INTRODUCTION : Le scanner a revolutionne le diagnostic des occlusions du; grele qui reste une pathologie frequente. La question essentielle pose au radiologue est la reconnaissance des signes de gravite. BUT DE L'ETUDE: Evaluer retrospectivement l'apport diagnostique du scanner chez des patients suspects d'occlusion du grele. PATIENTS ET METHODES : Nous avons etudie 59 dossiers de patients qui ont beneficie d'un examen tomodensitometrique au cours de l'annee 2002. RESULTATS: Dans le groupe des patients operes le scanner avait une sensibilite de 96pour cent (1C95pour cent = [0;79 ;0;99]) et une specificite de 66;5pour cent (1C95pour cent= [0;29-0;92]) en qui concerne le diagnostic positif d'occlusion organique du grele. Nous avons une concordance de 81;25 pour cent pour le diagnostic de siege; de 60 pour cent pour le diagnostic etiologique et de 50 pour cent pour le diagnostic de gravite. Dans le groupe des patients non operes; la concordance diagnostique etait de 72 pour cent. CONCLUSION : Le scanner reste un bon examen diagnostique des occlusions organiques du grele permettant de juger de l'urgence therapeutique en montrant les signes d'ischemie intestinale

Volvulus du caecum

Le volvulus du coecum se definit comme etant une plicature ou torsion; aigue ou chronique et recidivante du coecum; entrainant parfois une portion variable de l'ileon et limitee a la zone anormalement mobile du coeco-colon ascendant. Sans defaut d'accolement; le volvulus est impossible. Il s'agit d'une affection rare; de diagnostic difficile. Pourtant; il faut y penser dans le cadre d'une occlusion intestinale en urgence devant le faisceau d'arguments que nous avons developpe. L'interet de ce travail; est d'attirer l'attention sur le diagnostic precoce de cette pathologie et d'instituer un traitement chirurgical adequat afin de guerir le malade. Dans notre cas; le premier patient age de 62 ans; avec antecedent de constipation chronique; diabetique; tabagique admis dans nos services pour douleurs abdominales; vomissements et arret des matieres et des gaz. L'ASP amis en evidence une volumineuse image hydroaerique plus large que haute occupant la totalite de l'hypochondre droit. Une laparotomie exploratrice a ete pratiquee ce qui a permis: *d'identifier un volvulus du coecum necrose avec 20cm d'ileon; presence d'environ 150cc de liquide verdatre; nombreuses fausses membranes. *La seconde patiente avait presente a j 5 post operatoire d'une hysterectomie; une occlusion franche. Son ASP a mis en evidence des niveaux hydroaeriques dissemines et etages. La laparotomie exploratrice a permis. *D'identifier un volvulus d'un coecum mobile autour d'une bride reliant le fond caecal au ligament lombo-ovarien droit associes aux zones necrotiques verdatres perforees. Dans les deux cas; il a ete pratique unS resection large des lesions (amputation colo-coecale; associee aux dernieres anses ileales) suivie d'une anastomose immediate ileocolique termino- terminale. L'evolution a ete fatale pour le premier patient. Les suites operatoires ont ete favorables dans le deuxieme cas et la patiente a ete guerie. Devant toute occlusion intestinale mecanique basse; il faut evoquer en dehors des etiologies frequentes (volvulus du sigmoide; cancers coliques; etc...) le volvulus du coecum. Surtout que l'image caracteristique de I'ASP une image hydroaerique volumineuse qui occupe le coecum et deborde la region mesocoeliaque. Ce faisant; le diagnostic est pose precocement et le traitement entrepris rapidement empeche l'evolution des lesions vers un stade irreversible