Congenital heart disease in a cohort of Sudanese patients with cleft defects

Background and objectives:Cleft defects are among the most visible congenital defects worldwide and congenital heart disease (CHD)being one of the most common associated anomalies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CHD among a cohort of Sudanese patients with cleft lip and/or palate.Patients and Methods:All patients who presented to Soba University Hospital with cleft lip and/or palate from March 2009 toMarch 2015 were included.Results:Out of 381 patients included; 168 patients (44%) had cleft lip and palate (CLP), 156 (41%) had cleft lip (CL)and isolated cleft palate (CP) was found in 57 patients (15%). Facial dysmorphic features were identified in 57 (15%) and cardiac defects in 42 (11%) patients. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was diagnosed in 16 patients (38%), and ASD in 12 (30.9%). Other macroscopic anomalies were identified in 57 patients (15%)and were associated with CHD (P<0.001). Significant association was found between the type of cleft andCHD (P<0.002), as cardiac defects were maximally observed among CP cases (21%) followed by CLP cases (13%) then CL cases (5.12%). Significant association was also found between facial dysmorphicoccurrence and CHD (P < 0.001).Conclusion:CHD is a common anomaly in cleft population. The pattern of CHD is consistent with the literature withVSD being the most frequent. The cardiac defects are most prevalent in CP group. Echocardiography isjustified for screening of CHD due to the relatively higher incidence of CHD among clefts patients than ingeneral population

Histopathological changes in gallbladder mucosa associated with cholelithiasis: A prospective study

Background and Aims: Cholelithiasis is known to produce diverse histopathological changes in the gallbladder mucosa. In the present study, we aimed to find the correlation between various gallstone characteristics (i.e., number, size, and morphological type) with the type of mucosal response in gallbladder mucosa (i.e., inflammation, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and carcinoma). Methods: The present study was conducted prospectively on 100 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholecystitis. Gallstones were assessed for various parameters, i.e., number, size, and morphological type. Gallbladder mucosa was subjected to histopathological examination. Sections were taken from body, fundus, and neck of gallbladder. Results: Of 100 cases, maximum type was of mixed stones (54%) and was multiple in number (46%). However, gallstone type and number are nonsignificant variables to produce precancerous lesions (i.e., hyperplasia and metaplasia). Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the mucosal response with gallstone size (P = 0.012). Conclusion: As the gallstone size increases, the response in gallbladder mucosa changes from cholecystitis, hyperplasia, and metaplasia to carcinoma. Gallstone type and number are nonsignificant variables to produce precancerous lesions

Enquête épidémiologique des souches fongiques responsables des infections au niveau de la peau, des phanères et de la muqueuse au sein du laboratoire de parasitologie CHU/HJRA Madagascar

Objectif : Déterminer les souches fongiques responsables des infections au niveau de la peau, des phanères et des muqueuses buccale et vaginale au sein du laboratoire de parasitologie du Centre Hospitalier Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Tananarive Madagascar.Matériel et méthodes : Nous avons effectué une étude rétrospective descriptive. Les dossiers de prélèvements inclus entre le mois d'octobre 2008 à l'octobre 2014 ont été consultés.Résultats : Nous avons colligés 617 prélèvements pendant cette période dont 349 était positifs à l'examen direct et ou à la culture. Les principales souches isolées étaient par ordre de fréquence Candida albicans, Candida non albicans, Malassezia sp, Microsporum langeroni et Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Conclusion : Cette étude a permis d'identifier les principaux agents pathogènes incriminés dans la mycose superficielle, et de déterminer l'aspect épidémiologique de ses agents au sein du laboratoire de parasitologie

Malabsorption: Causes; Consequences; Diagnosis and Treatment

Malabsorption generally refers to the alterations of the gastrointestinal tract affecting the digestion; absorption and transport of nutrients across the bowel wall. In this article the causes; diagnostic tests and appropriate treatment options will be discussed by differentiating between premucosal; mucosal and postmucosal aberrations