ABSTRACT
Introduction : Les amétropies sont des troubles de la vision dus à un fonctionnement défectueux du système optique formé par la succession la cornée, le cristallin et la rétine. Les vices de réfraction (myopie, hypermétropie, astigmatisme, presbytie) donnent des images floues sur la rétine. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) estime à 153 millions le nombre des personnes souffrant de la déficience visuelle due à des vices de réfraction non corrigés. Le présent travail a pour objectif de déterminer la fréquence et le profil des patients avec amétropies aux Cliniques universitaires de Graben. Méthodes : Notre étude était du type descriptif transversale ayant couvert une période allant du 01 Janvier au 31 Décembre 2020. Notre échantillon a été exhaustif, c'est-à-dire il a été constitué de toute la population d'étude. Résultats : La fréquence des amétropies a été de 11,47%. L'astigmatisme était l'amétropie la plus représentée avec 47,86 %suivi de la myopie avec 38,90% et de l'hypermétropie avec 13,24%. La tranche d'âge la plus touchée est celle des adultes, âge (21-60 ans) avec 73,9% et la moins touchée est de 0-10 ans avec 0,8%. Le taux des déficiences visuelles a diminué après la correction optique et les cas de bonne vision sont passés de 81,1% à 99,4% de bonne acuité visuelle. Conclusion. Les amétropies constituent un réel problème de santé publique. De ce fait, nous encourageons le check up volontaire, comme les amétropies sont souvent méconnues et indolores, pourtant une cause non négligeable de déficience visuelle facilement évitable.
Introduction: : Ametropia are vision disorders due to damage to the visual system caused by a various abnormality in the cornea, lens and retina. The refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia) cause a very weak capacity for the eye retina to properly watch images. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 153 million of people could be suffering from visual issues due to untreated refractive deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the frequency et profil of patients with ametropia. Methods: Our study was of a kind of crosssectional descriptive which covered a time interval from January 01 to December 31, 2020. Our sample was comprehensive and was based on several cases. Results: The frequency of ametropia was 11.47%. Astigmatism was the most prevalent ametropia with 47.86% followed by myopia with 38.90% and hyperopia with 13.24%.The most affected people are adults aged from 21 and 60 years with 73.9% and the least affected are children aged from 0 to 10 years with 0.8%.However, the rate of eyes abnormalities started decreasing after optical treatment and consequently the cases of eyes issues recoveries was about from 81.1% to 99.4% of sight improvement acuity. Conclusion: Ametropia is a real public health problem. As a result, we encourage voluntary check-ups, as ametropia is often unrecognized and painless, yet a significant cause of easily avoidable visual impairment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Presbyopia , Refractive Errors , Therapeutics , Vision Disorders , Optical Devices , Hyperopia , Myopia , AstigmatismABSTRACT
Contexte et objectif. Les vices de réfraction, constituent un problème de santé publique sur le plan social et scolaire, mais leur ampleur dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne est peu connue. La présente étude avait pour objectif de déterminer la fréquence et décrire des vices de réfractions chez les enfants et adolescents en âge scolaire. Méthodes. Dans étude transversale et descriptive, les enfants âgés de 5 à 18 ans ; ont subi un examen oculaire, entre janvier 2017 et février 2018, dans le service d'optométrie de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale d'Afrique (Iota). Les paramètres d'intérêt comprenaient les données sociodémographiques, optométriques et ophtalmologiques. Résultats. 220 sujets ont été examinés. Leur âge moyen était de 11 ans avec un sexe ratio de 1,8/1 en faveur des filles. La fréquence hospitalière du vice réfractif a été de 46,8%. Dans l'ensemble, il s'agissait : l'astigmatisme 55,53%, l'hypermétropie 27,18% des cas et la myopie 2,91%. Les emmétropes représentaient 14,38% des cas. Conclusion. Près de la moitié d'enfants en âge scolaire présentent des vices de réfraction, en particulier l'astigmatisme (avec risque d'amblyopie si non corrigé). Des études ultérieures à la recherche des facteurs de risque de cette pathologie sont à envisager
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Africa , Astigmatism , Child , Hyperopia , Mali , Myopia , Refraction, Ocular/epidemiology , Refractive ErrorsABSTRACT
Background: Uncorrected myopia is a significant cause of visual impairment and avoidable blindness. Incidence of open-angle glaucoma has been shown to occur more often in myopia. This cross-sectional analytical study determined the prevalence; distribution and determinants of myopia in the adult population of Imo State; Nigeria with a view to establish a reference data for research purposes and future intervention in this locality. Materials and Method: A total of 3451 adults living in Owerri consisting of 2606 persons as test group and 845 persons as controls were randomly selected using standard optometric methods including subjective refraction. Results: Refractive error (ametropia) was found in 79.5 study and 76.8 control. Myopia was found in 23.4 study and 19.6 control. Highest prevalence of myopia was observed in females aged 40-49 years. Fifty percent of study and 68.1 of control group had myopia of -0.50DS to -3.00DS while 4.0 and 2.4 of study and control group respectively had myopic astigmatism. In all; 27.7 study and 16.2 control had myopia 5.00DS. The highest degree of myopia found in this study was - 24.00DS. Conclusion: This study provided information on the prevalence; distribution and determinants of myopia in Owerri; Nigeria and the data could be a basis for improved visual health care in the south-eastern sub-region of Nigeria
Subject(s)
Cross-Sectional Studies , Myopia/epidemiology , Myopia/prevention & control , Refractive Errors , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Aim:To determine and describe the causes and risk factors predisposing Ethiopian patients to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: A retrospective study of all patients with RRD seen at the retina clinic of Menilik II Hospital; Addis Ababa; from April 1999 to October 2003 was done. Charts of patients with the diagnosis of RRD were collected and data were filled on structured questionnaires and analyzed using EPI INFO 6 software. Results: Data were available for 276 patients (305 eyes) in whom the diagnosis of RRD was made. Age of patients ranged from 7-85 years; mean age was 41 and median was 40 years. Hundred-eighty-eight [68] of the patients were males and 88 [32] were females with male-to-female ratio of 2.1:1. Myopia was the predisposing factor for RRD in 78 [28.3] patients of which 63 had myopia of 5D. In 57 [20.7] patients with RRD; there was a history of ocular trauma. Thirty-nine [14.2] patients had had cataract surgery with lens implantation and 21 [7.6] patients were surgically aphakic. Macula-off RRD was seen in 225 [73.8] eyes. Bilateral RRD was seen in 29 [10.5] patients. Conclusion: The study showed that myopia; ocular trauma; pseudophakia and aphakia in decreasing frequency were the main risk factors associated with RRD among Ethiopians attending a tertiary eye care centre
Subject(s)
Myopia , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
A ten year old girl presented with a three month history of diminished vision and tiredness towards the end of the day. There were no other complaints. On examination; the patient had ptosis of the left eye which improved after a period of sleep. She was also myopic. Clinical examination was otherwise normal. There were no evidence of weakness of any ather muscles. The diagnosis with the tensilon test and the sleep test had shown that the patient had a myasthenia gravis