ABSTRACT
The ingestion of smoked foods has been linked to the development of cancer. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been recognized as carcinogenic compounds which contaminate smoked foods; their ingestion has been linked to the development of cancers such as breast cancer. Breast cancer may be evaluated using the nuclear bone scan as an imaging modality. This study reviewed bone scan results of patients with a positive history of consumption of smoked foods who presented at a Nuclear Medicine facility in South-West Nigeria. Our results show a significant association between a positive history of consumption of smoked foods and the presence of advanced breast cancer on the bone scan ((χ2 = 11.190, p = 0.001, df = 2; Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) = 1.692 (1.242-2.304). Thus, those patients with a history of eating smoked foods have between 50-100% increase in the risk of having abnormal scan findings. In a logistic regression, this association was retained (AOR=0.591 (0.434-0.805). Recommendations are made to address the significance of these findings
Subject(s)
Humans , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Nuclear Medicine , Breast Neoplasms , Radionuclide Imaging , FoodABSTRACT
Objectif : Comparer le programme d'assurance qualite de la chaine d'imagerie scintigraphique du service de medecine nucleaire de l'Hopital General de Yaounde (HGY) aux normes internationales admises. Materiel et Methode : L'etude etait retrospective et transversale descriptive couvrant la periode de novembre 2002 a octobre 2007. Le materiel etait constitue du personnel; des documents;des radiopharmaceutiques et des equipements. L'approche normative de l'audit a ete utilisee pour l'analyse des donnees; et les taux de conformite (Tc) ont ete calcules. Resultats : Le personnel etait bien forme et suffisant (Tc= 100 ). La documentation etait bien organisee et disponible (Tc= 90;9). Les resultats des tests de controle qualite sur l'activimetre et la gamma camera ont rassure que ces instruments fournissaient des mesures valides et fiables (Tc= 99;94 et 95;16) et ceux obtenus des tests sur les radiopharmaceutiques ont revele que les preparations administrees etaient de qualite a fournir de bonnes images a moindre dose d'irradiation (Tc= 98;87 ) et ceux obtenus des tests sur les radiopharmaceutiques ont revele que les preparations administrees etaient de qualite a fournir de bonnes images a moindre dose d'irradiation (Tc= 98;87) et ceux obtenus des tests sur les radiopharmaceutiques ont revele que les preparations administrees etaient de qualite a fournir de bonnes images a moindre dose d'irradiation (Tc= 98;87). Conclusion : Le programme d'assurance qualite de la chaine d'image scintigraphique de l'HGY etait conforme aux normes internationales admises
Subject(s)
Hospitals , Nuclear Medicine , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Radionuclide Imaging , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
Nuclear medicine was started by a French Scientist Henri Becquerel who discovered natural uran radioactivity in 1896. Further discovery of nuclear fussion in 1938 made it possible for the production of artificial radioactive nuclides in 1942. In Uganda; it was a British expatriate who instituted nuclear medicine in Physiology Department; makerere Medical School. Later in 1969-1970 Prof. Sam Kajumbi took over and carried out research on thyroid diseases. Prof. Walumbe held the fort in the 1980s. In 1993 the International Atomic Energy Agency based in Vienna donated a Gamma Camera for clinical diagnostic imaging to Mulago Hospital. This opened a new chapter in the management of patients. Nuclear Medicine Methodology: The radionuclide (isotope) is labelled with appropriate radiopharmaceutical and the administered through the vein in the body use of external detector; like gamma camera which allows localisation and assessment of the morphology and the physiology of the organ of interest. This makes it possible to tell whether the organ being investigated functions normally or otherwise. The Role of Nuclear Medicine in Clinical Medicine:- Nuclear medicine has potential wide range of specialised medical investigations; in particular the method used is advantageous in that it is non-invasive; requires no patients preparation and has no adverse reaction. The most important indications are respiratory in case of embolism; determination of Brain Death; Inflammatory process such as herpes simplex encephalitis and assessment of dural sinus potency. Radionuclide (isotope) can also be used for the dynamic study of brain vascular pattern; renal and cardiac function. They are more medically used in thryoid; bone; liver; gastroenterology; haematology and radionuclide venography. The proper utilisation of radioisotopes definetely supplements proper diagnosis and clinical management of patients. The future of Nuclear Medicine in Mulago: Nuclear Medicine belongs to the directorate of Diagnostics and Therapeutics like other diagnostic imaging. There is another project with IAEA for expanding of the nuclear medicine services in Mulago Hospital. It is hoped that if the project takes off in the near future; we shall have more sophisticated equipement like SPECT (single proton emission tomography) for still advanced methodology for both research and routine clinical investigation. the new generation nuclear medicine equipment such SPECT are important for diagnosis of the following diseases; epilepsy; gliomas; dementia and cardiovascular diseases. the new millennium will guide us to the path of continual improvement