Sex-related differential prevalence of central obesity in diabetes mellitus: a multi-centred survey in North-Central Nigeria

Contrary to the old dictum that central obesity is more common among men than women, recent reports have shown a gradual reversal of this trend, as suggested by some studies. Objective: To compare the prevalence of central obesity among men and women with Diabetes mellitus in NorthCentral Nigeria. Methods: This multi-centred, cross-sectional study was conducted across 20 hospitals in Abuja, Nasarawa State, and Niger State, involving 1040 participants. Some obesity indices (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-toheight ratio) were measured. Results: The prevalence of central obesity (waist circumference criterion) was significantly higher in the females compared to male participants (89.6% vs 51.6%, χ2 = 1231.37, p<0.001), similar to the prevalence determined by waistheight ratio criterion (female vs male, 88.8% vs 71.5%, χ2 = 58.83, p<0.001). Following correction for age, duration of diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, blood glucose, and glycated haemoglobin using logistic regression, female gender remained a significant determinant of central obesity (OR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.81-3.83, p = 0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of central obesity was higher among women than men in a cross-section of patients with diabetes mellitus in North-Central Nigeria

Central obesity is an independent risk factor of poor glycaemic control at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital

Background: Results of previous studies on the effect on glycaemic control of anthropometric measures of obesity, some economic status variables and the presence of metabolic syndrome are not consistent and appear to differ among health institutions. The status of glycaemic control and some of its determinants was investigated among adult black patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH).Method: A random sample of 176 adult black South African patients with T2DM attending the diabetic clinic at DGMAH was investigated in the current study. Fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile components levels as well as anthropometric measures of obesity were measured using standard measuring procedures for these variables. Thepresence of metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the International Diabetic Federation criteria. Information related to patients' socioeconomic status was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. Associations between these factors and poor glycaemic control were assessed by means of binary and multivariate logisticanalysis. ResultsGlycaemic control was found to be very poor at DGMAH. As low as 16.6% of the study subjects achieved SEMDSA's 2012 recommended target HbA1c value of less than 7.0%. Whereas binary logistic analysis revealed that marital status, matriculation,increase waist circumference and duration of diabetes > 5 years may lead to poor glycaemic control, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that only increased waist circumference was independently associated with poor glycaemic control at DGMAH

Obesity in Botswana: time for new cut-off points for abdominal girth?

Introduction: Country-specific cut-off points for defining central obesity in black Africans are long overdue. Methods: Anthropometric data from 215 (51.4%) male and 203 (48.6%) female patients seen in Gaborone between 2005 and 2015 were analysed to establish appropriate cut-off points for waist circumference (WC) corresponding to a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2. Relative risks for cardiometabolic disorders were calculated for different BMI and WC categories using MedCalc®. The subjects' mean age was 50.0 ± 10.8 years and 80.6% were Botswana.Results: Only 7.2% of patients had a BMI < 25 kg/m2, 27.3% were overweight and 65.5% were obese; mean BMI was 34.9 ± 6.5 kg/m2 in the women versus 31.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2 in the men(p < 0.0001). New cut-off points of 98 cm in men and 85 cm in women emerged. Different weight and WC categories appeared not to confer increased relative risk of hypertension, dysglycaemia or dyslipidaemia.Conclusion: The proposed WC cut-off values, if validated, should set the pace for larger studies across sub-Saharan Africa

Prévalence de l'obésité abdominale en consultation médicale au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou

Introduction : L'obésité abdominale traduit l'accumulation de graisse viscérale. Elle favorise la survenue de plusieurs facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaires. L'objectif de ce travail était de déterminer la prévalence de l'obésité abdominale chez les patients admis en consultation médicale au CNHU/HKM de Cotonou. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive et analytique qui s'était déroulée du 15 juin 2011 au 16 septembre 2011. Elle a porté sur 1000 sujets obtenus par recrutement de tous les patients venus consulter au cours de la période d'étude. La technique de collecte a été une enquête par questionnaire. Les données collectées ont été saisies à l'aide du logiciel Epi-Data 3.1 et analysées avec le logiciel Epi-Info 3.3.2. Résultats : Les sujets étaient âgés de 15 ans et plus avec un âge moyen de 48,1 ans ± 14,5 ans. La prédominance était féminine 55,6% versus 44,4%. La prévalence de l'obésité abdominale était de 34,8%.Conclusion : Cette étude a montré le taux élevé de l'obésité abdominale en consultation externe au CNHU/HKM de Cotonou

The prevalence of abdominal obesity and hypertension amongst adults in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Background: In many developing countries obesity and obesity-related morbidity are now becoming a problem of increasing importance. Obesity is associated with a number of disease conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gallstones, respiratory system problems and sleep apnoea. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity, as classified according to waist circumference (WC), and further to determine whether there was any association between abdominal obesity and hypertension amongst adults attending the Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 400 adults aged 18 years or older was conducted. Blood pressure and WC measurements were taken and participants completed a standardised questionnaire. Results: A group of 400 participants were randomly selected (221 women; 179 men), with a mean age of 48.7 ± 16.6 years. The overall prevalence of obesity as indicated by WC was 33.8%(men = 8.9%; women = 53.8%). Women were significantly more sedentary than men (50.8% for men vs 62.4% for women, p<0.05). Most of the obese participants' families also preferred high-energy foods (85.2%, p>0.05). Overall prevalence of hypertension amongst the study population was 50.5%, but without a significant difference between men and women (52.0% for men vs 49.3% for women, p>0.05). The prevalence of hypertension amongst the obese subset, however, was 60.0%. Conclusion: Prevalence of abdominal obesity was found to be particularly significant amongst women in this setting and was associated with hypertension, physical inactivity and the consumption of high-energy diets