Profil lipidique associé à l'obésité chez les adolescents à Brazzaville, Congo / Lipid profile among obese adolescents in Brazzaville, Congo

Contexte & objectif. Les modifications lipidiques chez les enfants obèses en Afrique noire sont peu documentées. Les objectifs de la présente étude étaient de déterminer chez les adolescents obèses le profil lipidique, et analyser les associations entre quelques paramètres anthropométriques et lipidiques. Méthodes. L'étude transversale a été réalisée à Brazzaville auprès de 82 adolescents âgés de 11 à 18 ans, répartis en 45 sujets obèses, 17 en état de surpoids et 20 poids normal. Des mesures de la taille, du poids, du tour de taille, des plis cutanés sous-scapulaire et tricipital ont été effectuées. Des prélèvements sanguins ont permis de déterminer les concentrations en cholestérol total, cholestérol-LDL, cholestérol-HDL et triglycérides. Résultats. Les concentrations lipidiques notées chez les adolescents obèses étaient significativement supérieures à celles des sujets de poids normal : cholestérol total, 1,70 vs 1,59g/L ; cholestérol-LDL, 1,03 vs 0,88g/L ; triglycérides, 1,18 vs 0,86. Par contre, celles du cholestérol-HDL étaient significativement inférieures : 0,42 vs 0,51g/L. Une corrélation positive a été retrouvée entre le rapport tour de taille/taille et le cholestérol-HDL (r=0,75 ; p=0,031). Conclusion. Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de renforcer la prise en charge des enfants obèses afin de prévenir les facteurs de risque potentiels des maladies cardiovasculaires à l'âge adulte

Assessment of clinical profiles, and treatment outcomes for children with diabetic ketoacidosis, in two hospitals selected from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a common autoimmune disorder that often presents in children. In these patients, diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)is one of the most common and serious acute complications, which isassociated with significant morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to assess the clinical profilesand outcomesof children admitted with DKA.Objective:To assess the clinical manifestationsand treatment outcomesof DKA patients in two tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective analysis was conductedon175 pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis children, who wereadmitted to the emergency units of two hospitalsin Addis Ababafrom September 2015 to February 2020andwhose medical records contained complete pertinent data. Patients were between theages of0 to 12 years.Proportional samples were taken from each hospitaland data wascollected retrospectively using a formatted checklist. The data waschecked for its inclusiveness and enteredEpi Info. version4.6 andthen transferred into SPSS version 25 software for further analysis. Result:DKA was the presenting manifestation of Diabetes in 78.3% of patients and 21.7% were already known cases of Diabetes. Half (50.9%) of the study participants were diagnosed with DKA in the age range of 5 to 10 years and almost one-third (30.9%) were abovethe age of 10. A high-incomelevel of the caretakers wasfound to be protective against DKA during thediagnosis of T1DM. Out of the 175 children admitted, 12 passed on, resulting ina mortality rate of 6.9%.Conclusion: The majority of the known DM patients presented with DKA after the omission of insulin and a newly diagnosed T1DMat first presentation.The age of presentation and clinical symptoms of the studied participantswere likeother international studies. Community education regardingthe signs and symptoms of childhood DM can further prevent the development of DKA.[Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2022; 36(2):000-000]Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis, Treatment outcome, and precipitating factors

Dietary habits, physical activity and sleep pattern among in-school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Overnutrition has been documented at epidemic levels in children and adults. The associated risk factors may include poor dietary habits, sedentary behaviour, inadequate sleep and low parental education. Objective: To describe dietary habits, physical activity and sleep patterns among secondary school adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,120 adolescents recruited from public and private secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria, was carried out to study the dietary habits, sleep patterns and physical activity in relation to nutritional status. Results: Ten per cent of the adolescents skipped breakfast, while 28% had fruits on up to five days of the week. Eleven per cent had a sweetened drink every day, while 20 % had a sweetened drink on most days of the week. One out of four (26%) adolescents had more than two hours of screen time daily, and only 5% engaged in sporting activities up to five times weekly. One-third of the students slept for less than six hours daily and experienced sleeping difficulties. Multivariate analysis showed that females were twice as likely not to participate in sports (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.3-4.37, p = 0.002 and to have a higher intake of confectionaries (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.07-2.04, p = 0.01. Conclusion: Poor dietary habits, inadequate physical activity and insufficient sleep were observed among secondary school adolescents. A multi-pronged approach to improve these behaviours is recommended

Prévalence du surpoids et de l'obésité chez l'adolescent en milieu scolaire à Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo

Introduction: le surpoids et l'obésité au cours de l'adolescence constituent un problème préoccupant de santé publique à l'échelle mondiale en raison de leur retentissement potentiel sur la santé et de leur fréquence croissante. La présente étude avait pour objectif de déterminer la prévalence du surpoids et de l'obésité chez les adolescents scolarisés dans les établissements publics et privés à Lubumbashi, en République Démocratique du Congo. Méthodes: il s'agissait d'une étude transversale menée auprès de 5.341 adolescents âgés de 10 à 19 ans, dont 2.858 (53,5%) filles et 2.483 (46,5%) garçons ont constitué notre échantillon. Pour chacun d'eux, nous avons mesuré le poids et la taille puis calculé l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC). Résultats: la moyenne du poids était de 43,78 ± 11,62 kg (soit 42,39 ± 12,11 kg pour les garçons et 44,95 ± 11,04 kg pour les filles), celle de la taille était de 151,30 ± 13,09 cm (soit 151,20 ± 14,64 cm pour les garçons et 151,38 ± 11,58 cm pour les filles) et celle de l'IMC était de 18,82 ± 3,15 kg/m2 (soit 19,39 ± 3,39 kg/m2 pour les garçons et 18,17 ± 2,71 kg/m2 pour les filles). La prévalence du surpoids était de 8% et celle de l'obésité était de 1%. Les filles étaient significativement plus touchées par le surpoids (10,7% filles contre 5% garçons) et l'obésité (1,5 % filles contre 0,4% garçons) que les garçons. Conclusion: le surpoids et l'obésité chez les adolescents en milieu scolaire s'avèrent une réalité à Lubumbashi. La détermination de la prévalence du surpoids et de l'obésité pour cette catégorie d'âge au plan national est recommandable pour leurs préventions et prises en charges

Predictors of obesity and cardiometabolic disease risk in South African children

Background.Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries, and is also a growing concern in developing nations. This study assessed the predictors of overweight and obesity in South African (SA) children and adolescents, and examined the extent to which these dependent measures correlate with cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk.Objectives. To assess the predictors of overweight and obesity in SA children and adolescents.Methods. A total of 1 361 (boys, n=678; girls, n=683) children aged 9 - 11 (boys, n=455; girls, n=411) and adolescents aged ≥12 - 13 (boys, n=288; girls n= 267) participated in the study. The children's anthropometric and physiological measurements were taken. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and used to classify the children as underweight, of normal weight overweight or obese, as well as to screen them for CMD risk.Results. Findings indicated that 81.2%, 17.4%, 0.9 and 0.5% of the children (<12 years old) were underweight, of normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. For adolescents (12 - 13 years old), 63.0%, 32.5%, 3.4% and 1.0% were underweight, of normal weight, overweight and obese, respectively.Provincial analysis of the results showed that the likelihood of a girl in Mpumalanga Province becoming overweight or obese was 0.33 times that of a female child in Limpopo Province.Conclusion. Periodic assessment of predictors of obesity and CMD disease risk in SA children is necessary. Intervention and prevention strategies are also needed to curb the rising tendency of CMD risk among the youths

Underweight and overweight in primary school children in eThekwini district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has been increasing worldwide. South Africa has minimal data on childhood body weight. Objectives: This study determined whether school children in the eThekwini district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, were underweight or overweight. Method: A survey with quantitative and qualitative components was conducted amongst 120 participants between 10 years and 12 years of age. The participants were randomly selected from six public schools in an urban district of the province. A calibrated Goldline bathroom scale was used to measure body weight and a KDS Freo non-elastic measuring tape was used to measure height. A questionnaire consisting of open and close-ended questions collected demographic and lifestyle information. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight data. Proportions of obese, overweight and underweight children were calculated and subjected to chi-square tests at the p ≤ 0.05 significance level. All qualitative information was summarised. Results: According to World Health Organization criteria, 66% of the children were underweight, 28% were of normal weight and 5% were overweight. The proportion of underweight children increased with age (64% of children aged between 10 years and 11 years vs 70% for 12-year-olds). Of the underweight children, 41% were female and 51% were Indian. Only one child was obese. BMI was related to dietary patterns and activity levels during and outside school hours. Conclusion: A significant number of primary school children from the six selected public schools in the eThekwini district were underweight. More effort is required to improve the nutritional status of school children in the eThekwini district