ABSTRACT
Background. Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS)-associated pharyngitis can complicate into rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD).Objectives. To determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of GABHS isolates in children presenting with acute pharyngitis and assess the utility of Zambian Treatment Guideline (ZTG) criteria as a local clinical scoring system.Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the paediatric outpatient department of the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. The study cohort, comprising children aged 3 - 15 years (n=146), were recruited as presenting with symptoms of pharyngitis. The children underwent a clinical assessment that included a detailed case history, presenting symptoms and a throat swab that was subsequently cultured. Microbial isolates were typed and the antibiotic sensitivity of cultured GABHS to penicillin and erythromycin determined.Results. GABHS were cultured from 22 (15.1%) children within this study. All the GABHS isolates (n=22) were susceptible to penicillin G; however, 19% of isolates displayed reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. None of the ZTG criteria, when used individually, was sufficiently sensitive to detect GABHS pharyngitis among this cohort.Conclusion. The prevalence of GABHS pharyngitis is similar that been described elsewhere. While GABHS remains highly susceptible to penicillin, which is used in the local RHD control programmes, concern remains for children treated with erythromycin owing to the resistance noted in some of the isolates. The ZTG clinical criteria displayed poor sensitivity in identifying GABHS pharyngitis. This has significant implications for effective diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis and associated complications within this high RHD endemic area
Subject(s)
Erythromycin , Hospitals, Teaching , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Penicillins , Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Pharyngitis/therapy , Streptococcus milleri Group , ZambiaABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro interaction of some penicillins (amoxicillin; ampicillin and benzylpenicillin) and caffeine against Staphylococcus aureus. Method: The interaction between the penicillins and caffeine was studied using the Overlay Inoculum Susceptibility Disc (OLISD) method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the drugs were determined separately and in combination with caffeine (5 and 10 mg/ml). Result: At 5 and 10 mg/ml; caffeine decreased the MIC of amoxicillin by 22 and 25 times respectively; while that of ampicillin was decreased by 6 and 8 times. The MIC of benzylpenicillin against Staphylococcus aureus was; however; increased by 59 and 40 times at caffeine concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/ml respectively. The inhibition zone diameter increment above 19(index of synergism in OLISD method) was recorded only for amoxicillin at amoxicillin concentrations of 7.81; 15.3; 31.25 and 62.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the concomitant use of caffeine and the studied antibiotics may potentiate the antibacterial effect of amoxicillin against Staphylococcus aureus; decrease that of benzylpenicillin and has virtually no effect on that of ampicillin. This implies that the intake of caffeine in form of analgesic combination or as tea; coffee; beverages or from other food sources may affect the effectiveness of a co-administered amoxicillin and bezylpenicillin
Subject(s)
Amoxicillin , Ampicillin , Caffeine , Drug Interactions , Penicillins , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
The decimal assay for additivity (DAA) method was used to evaluate the in vitro interaction of glycine (Gly) with penicillin G (Pen G); cloxacillin (Clox) and ampicillin (Amp) against a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. In the interaction between Pen G/glycine with biological equivalent factor (BEF) 5 mg/62 mg; the decimal combination of 4 parts Pen G and 6 parts glycine showed amtagpmos; wjo;e ptjers sjpwed addotive effect In the interaction between Clox/glycine with BEF 1.26 og/62.5 mg ony 7:3 combination gave a synergistic effect. Others showed antagonism. In Amp/glycine combination with BEF; 1.74 og/62.5 mg; the decimal combinations of 4:6 gave additive effect; 9:1 gave synergistic effect while 7:3 combinaiton gave indifferent effect
Subject(s)
Glycine , Penicillins , ResearchABSTRACT
Le plan est une maladie qui a fait l'objet d'intenses campagnes d'eradication durant les decennies 1950-1990 dans les pays en developpement; en collaboration avec l'OMS. Mais; 15 ans apres les dernieres campagnes en Cote d'ivoire force est de reconnaitre que le pian continu de sevir dans certains foyers qui pourraient etre le point depart d'une reactivation des zones indemnes. Notre etude avait pour objectif d'evaluer la prevalence du pian dans les localites d'Asseudji; du district sanitaire d'Adzope. C'est une etude transversale descriptive qui s'est deroulee du 15 septembre au 31 decembre 2004 dans le village dAsseudji et qui a porte sur 206 menages dont 184 dans le village d'Asseudji et 22 dans les campements environnants. Les principaux resultats etaient les suivants: *Les principales sources de pollution des menages etaient les dechets des animaux en divagation dans 100pour cent des cas suivis des dechets domestiques dans 49pour cent des cas ; *Une notion de promiscuite a ete retrouvee dans 43;7pour cent des menages ; *Les formes de plan les plus connus etaient le pianome et le plan crabe ; *Les facteurs favorisants du plantaient meconnus par 64;1pour cent des chefs de manages ; *52;9pour cent des chefs de menage ignoraient la contagiosite du pian ; *la prevalence estimee du pian par menage etait de 5;35pour cent ; *La prevalence par habitants etaient de 0;.5pour cent; *81;8pour cent des malades avaient de moins de 15 ans ; *63;6pour cent des malades avaient un antecedent de pian. Les recommandatjons qui decoulent; de ces resultats tournent autour des actions d'hygienes appuyees par une medicalisation basee sur la penicillonotherapie