Roe vs. Wade conundrum: Africa must increase commitment to sexual and reproductive health and rights

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Immigration; croissance demographique et dynamique urbaine au Nord Cameroun

La dynamique urbaine recente qui touche les pays du sud s'est manifestee rapidement au Cameroun par l'emergence des villes millionaires que sont Yaounde et Douala. Ces villes situeesdans la partie meridionale du pays ont beneficie jusqu'au debut des annees 1980; de l'essentiel du flux des populations venant de toutes les autres regions du pays. La partie septentrionale; espace le plus peuple du pays etait alors considereecomme point de depart vers les villes meridionales au detriment des villes septentrionales. Cependant a partir de la fin de la decennie 1980; on notera un developpement rapide des principales villes de cette partie du territoire. Des enquetes ont ete meneesdans les trios principales villes septentrionales (Maroua; Garoua; Ngaoundere) et dans les villes secondaires de Kousseri; Guider; Figuil aupres des communautes des immigres et des autorites locales. Il s'est agit d'identifier les pays d'origine des immigres et leur role dans la dynamique urbaine. Les donnees issues des different recensements de la population ont aussi ete utilisees. Les analyses statistique; cartographique et qualitative des donnees demographiques issues des enquetes de terrain et des recensements generaux de la population et de l'habitat (RGPH) de 1987 et 2005; font apparoir un developpement du phenomena urbain dans cette region tant du point de vue demographiqueque spatio-economique en relation avec l'internationalisation du champ migratoire nord camerounais

Population dynamics and infrastructure: meeting the millennium development goals in Ondo State; Nigeria

Population has become an important research issue because its consideration has significant implications for change; development and quality of life in the society. Infrastructure such as water; transport; drainage and sanitation on the other hand have been recognized on the other hand as critical to ensure the quality of living and sustainable urban development in contemporary times. This paper examines the change in population growth of Ondo state with a view to determining the extent at which infrastructure in the study area has been improved on and what will be required to meet the MDGs for infrastructural development. The paper discusses the consequences of inadequate infrastructure in Ondo state as well as identifies how the MDGs targets can be achieved to reduced urban poverty in Africa. Data utilized in the study were derived systematic survey of household characteristics; indicators of accessibility to basic infrastructure in the city. Population figures were obtained from National Population Commission and distribution of regular households by main characteristics of infrastructure during the last census (2006) in Ondo State. The study showed that as typical of a Nigerian State; majority of the residents of Ondo state do not have access to basic infrastructure

Appraisal of the inherent socio-demographic dynamics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in four districts of South-Western Uganda

Although HIV prevalence in Uganda is much lower than it once was; AIDS is still claiming many lives each year with clear signs of escalating rural epidemics. The objective of this study was to appraise the socio-economic and demographic dynamics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in South-Western Uganda. Data were collected with standard closed ended semi-structured questionnaires self-administered to consenting; 605 HIV/AIDS patients; selected using the multistage random sampling technique; logistic linear regression; randomized block design and Pearson's Chi square test (a=0.01) were used to analyse the data obtained. The duration of carriage was inversely proportional (r=-0.94) to population of HIV/AIDS patients surveyed. There were 98.2 Bantu (55.5 Banyankole and 22.6 Baganda); 77.5 females and 22.5 males; more widows (38.0) than married (35.5). HIV/AIDS prevalence generally decreased with increasing level of education. The highest (66.7). HIV/AIDS prevalence generally decreased with increasing level of education. The highest (66.7) HIV/AIDS prevalence was recorded in Bushenyi; followed by 58.4 in Masaka; 57.9 in Mbarara and 53.3 in Rukungiri. Rukungiri patients above 60 years of age harboured 57.1 HIV/AIDS followed by 45.5 among Masaka patients aged 11 - 20 years and 40 among Mbarara patients less than 10 years of age. HIV/AIDS prevalence was significantly (p0.05) dependent on socio-economic and demographic factors of surveyed population. Therefore socio-economic and demographic factors underlie HIV/AIDS prevalence in this region. Observed differences in prevalence of HIV/AIDS between the surveyed districts wereremarkable and warrant regular surveillance for updated disease epidemiology. Education can debunk the generally misconstrued rolesof social; economic and demographic factors in the spread of HIV/AIDS

A Model for Community-Based Growth Monitoring System

Acting on a request form the community of Ndunakazi; a rural area bordering the Valley of a Thousand Hills; Kwa Zulu-Natal; South Africa; a comprehensive situation analysis was conducted. The results were used in an objective orientated programme planning approach; during a workshop attended by community representatives. One of the outcomes was the establishment of a model for a community-based growth and health monitoring system for pre-school children. As their contribution to the programme; families would make their homes available on a voluntary basis; once or twice a month to be used as community-based centers (called Isizinda). From a nutritional point of view; the programme has a hoslistic approach and is run by nutrition monitors. The programme was initially launched with one centre; but in response to requests received form the community; a further seven centres have been established. Approximately 500 pre-school children are currently being growth-monitored regularly; with an average monthly attendance of around 70 per cent. The nutrition monitors are responsible for conveying health and nutritional messages to the mothers and for collecting morbidity and mortality data. Children who are either not growing well or who are ill are referred to the nearest clinic. When available a community nurse attends to minor illnesses during these sessions. A soup kitchen is run during the winter; providing the mothers and pre-school children with soup and bread. Attitudes of mothers and nutrition monitors towards the programme are assessed regularly; the outcome of skills development that is an integral part of the model. This model falls within the scope of the policy objectives and principles on which the United Health System of South Africa will be based. The National Research Programme for nutritional Intervention (NRPNI) is in eh process of establishing a partnership with the department of Health of KwaZulu-Natal. Should the Department take long-term responsibility as an overall coordinator of these monitoring centers; the sustainability of the project will be increased and could then be extended to other areas

Adolescent fertility ; a panoramic view of the problems

The issue of adolescent fertility in developing countries has come into sharp focus of recent though the problem is recognised world wide. In many developing countries of Africa; adolescents constitute about 47 per cent of the population; giving rise to a high dependency ratio as this group is relatively unproductive economically. Curbing the problem of adolescent fertility will ease the strain on the already strained economy of many countries of developing world; particularly Nigeria with a crude birth rate of 45-48 births per 1000 population and an estimated population growth of about 3.3 per cent. A panoramic view of this problem is presented in this paper; highlighting the predisposing factors; risks and consequences. Suggestions are made as to how these problems could be resolved within the present economic situation

Rapid Population Growth and its Implications in Malawi

This article looks at how current and prospective population growth is exerting intense pressures on Malawi's land; food security and nutrition; income and employment; health and education

Rapid Population Growth and its Implications in Malawi

This article looks at how current and prospective population growth is exerting intense pressures on Malawi's land; food security and nutrition; income and employment; health and education

Tongogara refugee camp : health services baseline study report

The recommendations and findings are: 1. The Measles Immunisation policy has to be amended and the Programme should be strengthened in order to control the present Measles outbreak. 2. The knowledge of the community about immunisation; diarrhoea; ARI; nutrition; maternal care and family planning should be improved by retraining and supporting the CHWs and TMs. 3. Two community-based Family Planning Cadres should be selected from each base and trained in FP counselling techniques. They should be tasked to motivate the community to practice family planning and to distribute condoms. 4. A Health Education Officer post should be created. He or she should be responsible for training and supervising the CHWs; TMs and FP Cadres. He or she should initiate an AIDS Awareness Programme. 5. The CHWs should be trained to manage diarrhoea with SSS. They should be supplied with sugar and salt to treat children suffering from diarrhoea at their respective bases. 6. The supplementary feeding programme and the food rations given to the refugees should be assessed and improved. 7. The TB Control Programme should be reinforced by initiating mass TB case detection and TB contact tracing strategies. 8. The camp needs another organisation to help Red Barna implement the Blair Toilet Building Programme so that more toilets will be built as soon as possible. 9. The MOH should continue the Malaria Vector Control Programme and seek assistance from donor agencies. 10. The EHT and Health Orderly posts should be supported by the UNHCR. The UNHCR-Supported SCN posts should be increased to 15. 11. A facility to do the RPR Test and to examine sputum; blood slides; stools andurine should be established at the camp clinic. 12. The recently organised Base Health Teams should be encouraged to meet every month. The Tongogra Camp Health Team should meet at least once every three months. A representative of this committee should be co-opted by the National Implementation Committee for Refugees

National physical development plan Malawi: Population growth and characteristics

This draft study report deals with population growth; characteristics; including age and sex distribution; and population movement

National development plan Malawi: Future population growth

Has information on future population levels; characteristics; summary conclusions and implications for the preparation of the National Physical Development Plan