Fréquence des amétropies aux cliniques universitaires du graben en République Démocratique du Congo

Introduction : Les amétropies sont des troubles de la vision dus à un fonctionnement défectueux du système optique formé par la succession la cornée, le cristallin et la rétine. Les vices de réfraction (myopie, hypermétropie, astigmatisme, presbytie) donnent des images floues sur la rétine. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) estime à 153 millions le nombre des personnes souffrant de la déficience visuelle due à des vices de réfraction non corrigés. Le présent travail a pour objectif de déterminer la fréquence et le profil des patients avec amétropies aux Cliniques universitaires de Graben. Méthodes : Notre étude était du type descriptif transversale ayant couvert une période allant du 01 Janvier au 31 Décembre 2020. Notre échantillon a été exhaustif, c'est-à-dire il a été constitué de toute la population d'étude. Résultats : La fréquence des amétropies a été de 11,47%. L'astigmatisme était l'amétropie la plus représentée avec 47,86 %suivi de la myopie avec 38,90% et de l'hypermétropie avec 13,24%. La tranche d'âge la plus touchée est celle des adultes, âge (21-60 ans) avec 73,9% et la moins touchée est de 0-10 ans avec 0,8%. Le taux des déficiences visuelles a diminué après la correction optique et les cas de bonne vision sont passés de 81,1% à 99,4% de bonne acuité visuelle. Conclusion. Les amétropies constituent un réel problème de santé publique. De ce fait, nous encourageons le check up volontaire, comme les amétropies sont souvent méconnues et indolores, pourtant une cause non négligeable de déficience visuelle facilement évitable.

Introduction: : Ametropia are vision disorders due to damage to the visual system caused by a various abnormality in the cornea, lens and retina. The refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia) cause a very weak capacity for the eye retina to properly watch images. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 153 million of people could be suffering from visual issues due to untreated refractive deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the frequency et profil of patients with ametropia. Methods: Our study was of a kind of crosssectional descriptive which covered a time interval from January 01 to December 31, 2020. Our sample was comprehensive and was based on several cases. Results: The frequency of ametropia was 11.47%. Astigmatism was the most prevalent ametropia with 47.86% followed by myopia with 38.90% and hyperopia with 13.24%.The most affected people are adults aged from 21 and 60 years with 73.9% and the least affected are children aged from 0 to 10 years with 0.8%.However, the rate of eyes abnormalities started decreasing after optical treatment and consequently the cases of eyes issues recoveries was about from 81.1% to 99.4% of sight improvement acuity. Conclusion: Ametropia is a real public health problem. As a result, we encourage voluntary check-ups, as ametropia is often unrecognized and painless, yet a significant cause of easily avoidable visual impairment.

Amplitude of accommodation is reduced in pre-presbyopic diabetic patients

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing exponentially often causing an enormous public health burden due to changing lifestyles. People with diabetes have accelerated age-related biometric ocular changes compared with people without diabetes.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes on the amplitude of accommodation in pre-presbyopic diabetic patients, and compare the results with age-matched healthy individuals.Methods: The study population consisted of 84 diabetic patients (30­40 years of age, 36 ± 2.5 years and 81 (35 ± 2.7 years) age matched healthy normal controls. Using the best correction for distance visual acuity, the amplitude of accommodation was measured using the subjective push-up technique. The influence of age and duration of diabetes on amplitude of accommodation were analysed using the regression analysis.Results: The mean amplitude of accommodation was lower in the diabetic group (6.34 ± 1.39 dioptre (D)) compared with the controls (8.60 ± 2.00 D), which was statistically significant (p = 0.000). There was a little negative correlation between the amplitude of accommodation and duration of diabetes (­0.20, p = 0.069).Conclusion: People with diabetes showed lower amplitude of accommodation when compared with age-matched controls. The results suggest that diabetic people will experience presbyopia earlier in life than people without diabetes. Early detection and rehabilitation of diabetic patients with corrective spectacle lenses is recommended

Refractive Errors in Presbyopic Patients in Kano; Nigeria

"Background: The study is a retrospective review of the pattern of refractive errors in presbyopic patients seen in the eye clinic from January to December; 2009. Patients and Methods: The clinic refraction register was used to retrieve the case folders of all patients refracted during the review period. Information extracted includes patient's age; sex; and types of refractive error. Unaided and pin hole visual acuity was done with Snellen's or ""E"" Charts and near vision with Jaeger's chart in eng or Hausa. All patients had basic eye examination and streak retinoscopy at two third meter working distance. The final subjective refractive correction given to the patients was used to categorize the type of refractive error. Results: There were 5893 patients; 1584 had refractive error and 644 were presbyopic. There were 289 males and 355 females (M:F= 1:1.2). Presbyopia accounted for 10.9 of clinic attendance and 40 of patients with refractive error. Presbyopia was seen in 17 ; the remaining 83 required distance correction; astigmatism was seen in 41; hypermetropia 29 ; myopia 9 and aphakia 4 . Refractive error was commoner in females than males and the relationship was statistically significant (P-value = 0.017; P 0.05 considered significant). Conclusion: Presbyopia is common and most of the patients had other refractive errors. Full refraction is advised for all patients."

Presbyopia: Prevalence; Distribution and Determinants in Owerri; Nigeria

Background: Presbyopia causes blurring and impairment of vision at near. It is the most common physiologic change in the adult eye with advancing age. Good near vision is a necessity for domestic activities; office work and near vision tasks other than reading and writing; especially among adults in a resource-limited economy. The study determined the prevalence; distribution and determinants of presbyopia; presbyopic spectacle coverage; and provided data for ready-made near vision spectacles in Imo State; Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of three thousand; four hundred and fifty-one adults consisting of 2606 persons as study group and 845 persons as controls were randomly selected for the study. Structured questionnaire was administered to the subjects. Their visual acuity at far and near including tonometry; ophthalmoscopy; perimetry; retinoscopy and subjective refraction were done. Subjects who could not read N6 and emmetropes; who are 40 years and above were considered as presbyopic. Results: The prevalence of presbyopia was 70.9 and 75.0 of study and control groups respectively. Females aged 40-49 were in the majority (57.1 and 51.9 of females in the study and control groups respectively). Subjects requiring additions at near of ?+1.50DS to 2.00DS were in the majority (39.0 and 46.4 of study and control groups respectively). Amongst the presbyopes 61.3 and 78.7 of study and control groups respectively did not have presbyopic correction. The subjects were also ignorant of corneal inlay technology in treatment of presbyopia. A higher prevalence exists among rural dwellers and the contributory factors were environmental influences; poor nutrition and irrational use of chloroquine for treatment of malaria. Conclusion: Over seventy-percent of presbyopia was found in this study. The determinants were age; gender; nutrition and drug use. Majority of the presbyopes were domicile in the rural area and did not have corrective spectacles. We recommend visual health education; regular vision screening and intervention to achieve the targets of vision 2020 in low-and-medium-income countries

Survey of patients attending the eye clinic during the month of March; 1992

An audit survey was carried out during the month of March 1992 of patients attending the eye clinic. The number of patients; age and sex distribution; diagnosis; treatment modality and disposal were recorded. A total of 1166 patients were seen. The commonest diagnosis seen by the Ophthalmologist was non specific; and the commonest by the optometrist was presbyopia. Diseases required treatment included cataract; glaucoma and pterygium. Conditions that require screening included glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Prevention could be instituted in reducing other common conditions such trauma; pterygium and toxoplasma chorioretinitis