Exploring prostate cancer screening among men in Accra using the health belief model

Objective: To explore the prevalence of prostate cancer screening among Ghanaian men and interrogate why some individuals screen for the disease and others do not. Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey based on the Health Belief Model was used to collect data from 356 men aged 40 years and above. Data were collected between February and March 2021. Setting: The study was conducted in the Accra metropolitan area of the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Participants: Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants for the study. Results: Although 86% of the respondents had heard about prostate cancer, only 23% had ever screened for it. Logistic regression analysis suggested that knowledge of the disease (OR = 1.19, CI 95% = 1.03 -1.38) and barriers to screening (OR = .87, CI 95% = .83 -.91) were statistically significant predictors of screening behaviour. Conclusion: HBM has limited predictive power as far as our study is concerned. We suggest increasing public education on prostate cancer and its screening methods. The cost of screening should also be made more affordable so as not to become a barrier.

Les urgences urologiques dans deux hôpitaux universitaires de Douala: une étude rétrospective (2016-2020) / Urological emergencies in two university hospitals in Douala: a retrospective study (2016-2020)

Introduction: les urgences en urologie sont des situations urologiques critiques qui nécessitent une intervention rapide par un professionnel de santé qualifié en urologie. Cette étude a été menée dans le but de ressortir le profil des urgences urologiques reçues dans deux hôpitaux universitaires de la ville de Douala en appréciant leurs prises en charge en urgence. Méthodes: il s´agit d´une étude rétrospective portant sur les urgences urologiques dans deux hôpitaux de références de la ville de Douala que sont les hôpitaux Laquintinie et Général de Douala. Les dossiers ont été colligés durant une période de 5 ans (1er janvier 2016 au 31 décembre 2020). Nous avons inclus toutes les consultations effectuées en urgence et reçues par le service des urgences ainsi que toutes les données cliniques et thérapeutiques venant du registre de garde durant la période d´étude. Nous avons exclu de notre étude toutes les urgences (consultations reçues pendant la période d´étude, non relevées dans le registre des urgences) Résultats: nous avons étudié 364 patients, l´âge moyen des patients était de 43 ± 8,34 ans. Quatre vingt-douze virgule cinquante huit pourcent (92,58%) (n=337) des patients étaient des hommes. Les principales urgences urologiques reçues étaient la rétention d´urine vésicale (45,05%, n=164), la colique néphrétique (15,33%, n=56) et l´hématurie (13,18%, n=48). Les principales étiologies des rétentions d´urine vésicale étaient les tumeurs prostatiques, la colique néphrétique était principalement d´origine lithiasique (96,45%, n=159) et l´hématurie était d´origine tumorale chez 68,75%(n=33) des patients. Sur le plan thérapeutique, les gestes effectués en urgence étaient le sondage vésical (39,01%, n=142), le traitement médical était associé à une surveillance (27,47%, n=100) et la cystostomie sus pubienne (10,71%, n=39). Conclusion: les rétentions aigues d´urines vésicales sur tumeurs prostatiques constituent l´urgence urologique la plus fréquente dans les hôpitaux universitaires de la ville de Douala. Cela implique une prise en charge précoce et optimale des tumeurs prostatiques.

Safe duration of silicon catheter replacement in urological patients

Objectives: This study compared the infection rates, degree of encrustation, symptoms, and complications in patients regarding the duration of urethral catheterisation (three weeks, six weeks, and eight weeks). Design: A cross-sectional study with stratified simple random sampling Setting: Urology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Participants: One hundred and thirty-seven male patients with long-term urinary catheters Interventions: Participants were grouped into 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks duration of catheter replacementsPrimary outcomes measures: Symptoms due to the urinary catheters, urinalysis, urine and catheter tip cultures, sensitivity, and catheter encrustations were assessed. Results: Eighty-six patients had a primary diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 35 had urethral strictures,13 had prostate cancer, two had BPH and urethral strictures, and one participant had bladder cancer. There was no difference in the symptoms the participants in the different groups experienced due to the urinary catheters (p > 0.05). The frequency of occurrence of complications (pyuria, p = 0.784; blocked catheter, p=0.097; urethral bleeding, p=0.148; epididymo-orchitis, p=0.769 and bladder spasms, p=1.000) showed no differences in the three groups. There was no statistical difference in the urinalysis for the three groups (p>0.05) and the degree of encrustations (3 weeks: 0.03 ± 0.06, 6 weeks: 0.11±0.27 and eight weeks: 0.12 ±0.27) with p=0.065. Conclusions: In this study, the duration of urinary catheterisation using silicone Foley's catheters did not influence the complication and symptom rates; hence silicon catheters can be placed in situ for up to 8 weeks before replacement instead of the traditional three-weekly change.

Etiologies des fièvres prolongées inexpliquées au Service de Médecine Interne du CHU de Bouaké (Côte d'Ivoire) / Causes of unexplained prolonged fever in the Bouake CHU Internal Medicine Department (Ivory Coast)

Objectif : déterminer les étiologies des fièvres prolongées inexpliquées au service de médecine interne du CHU de Bouaké. Matériel et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive mené de janvier 2019 à décembre 2020. Nous avons inclus les patients hospitalisés pour fièvre prolongée inexpliquée ou ayant présentés une fièvre prolongée durant l'hospitalisation. Les données anamnestiques, cliniques et paracliniques ont été analysées. Résultats : Nous avons retenus 204 patients sur 1650 patients hospitalisés (12,6%). L'âge moyen des patients était de 32±16,1 ans avec des extrêmes de 16 et 87 ans. Le sexe ratio était de 1,1. La fièvre (32,4%) et AEG (22%) constituaient les motifs d'hospitalisation les plus fréquents. La fièvre était le plus fréquent des symptômes physiques (94,1%) suivi de l'amaigrissement (50%), de la déshydratation (18,1%), de l'hépatomégalie (12,7%) et de l'obnubilation (12%). Les principales étiologies étaient les infections (82,3%), les tumeurs (10,3%), et les maladies inflammatoires (1,5%). Dans 5,9% des cas l'étiologie n'avait pas été retrouvée. Les principales infections étaient le VIH et ses complications (38,1%), la tuberculose (21,4%), et les infections urogénitales (19,9%). Les tumeurs étaient dominées par le cancer primitif du foie (33,4%) et le cancer de la prostate (19,4%). La polyarthrite rhumatoïde, le lupus érythémateux disséminé et la sclérodermie étaient maladies inflammatoires retrouvées. La létalité était de 36%. Conclusion : Les étiologies des fièvres prolongées inexpliquées sont variées. Elles sont dominées dans notre contexte par la tuberculose, l'infection à VIH et ses complications infectieuses.

Quest to Improve Management of Prostate Cancer in West Africa Development of a Clinical Audit Tool

In 2010 and during the following decade, two guidelines werepublished for the management of prostate cancer in West Africa.A key recommendation of the guidelines was the need for thedevelopment of a Clinical Audit Tool which should helpsurgeons and institutions to identify the gaps between therecommended standards and current practice. In this paper, aClinical Audit Tool, WAPCAT, was developed to facilitate andimplement the audit process for the management of Prostatecancer in a West African healthcare institution

Cancer de la prostate chez le sujet de race noire en Côte d'Ivoire / Prostate cancer in the black subjectin Côte d'Ivoire

RÉSUMÉ Contexte. L'incidence croissante de l'adénocarcinome prostatique en Afrique noire pose la problématique de sa caractérisation tant au niveau épidémiologique, clinique que thérapeutique. But : Identifi er le profi l clinico-biologique et les options thérapeutiques actuelles dans le service de cancérologie du CHU de Treichville. Méthodes : Etude rétro et prospective à visée descriptive sur une période de 24 mois. Cette étude a permis de colliger 110 patients de race noire avec adénocarcinome de la prostate histologiquement confi rmé. Résultats : L'âge moyen était de 57 ans. Toutes les classes sociales (basses, moyennes et hautes) étaient concernées dans respectivement 28, 37 et 35% des cas. La notion de cancer familiale concernait 17,7% patients. Les signes cliniques étaient bruyants et représentés par un syndrome obstructif du bas appareil urinaire. Le PSA était supérieur à 50 ng/ml dans 71% des cas. Dans 95% des cas nos patients consultaient à un stade localement avancé ou métastatique avec l'os comme site préférentiel (68% des cas). Le Score de Gleason était supérieur à 7 dans 70% des cas. L'hormonothérapie était l'option thérapeutique la plus utilisée (60% des cas). Elle s'associait à la chimiothérapie dans 15,5% des cas. Aucune réponse complète n'a été obtenu chez les patients à haut risque de d'Amico. La résistance à la castration est apparue précocement dans un délai moyen de 9 mois. Conclusion. L'adénocarcinome prostatique survient dans notre contexte chez des patients relativement jeunes avec des caractéristiques histo pronostiques péjoratives.

Risk Perception and Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening Among a Population of Civil Servants in Ibadan, Nigeria

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cancer in both incidences and mortality among men in Africa including Nigeria. Evidence suggest that African men present with more advanced disease, signifying that they are highly unscreened group for PCa. This study examined the risk perception and uptake of PCa screening among civil servants in Oyo state secretariat, Ibadan. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 192 male staff of Oyo State Secretariat, selected by simple random sampling technique. Respondents' risk perception and uptake of prostate cancer screening were examined using a structured questionnaire. Pearson's chi-square was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Mean age of respondents was 47.44±5.36 years. Up to 140(73.3%) of respondents were aware of PCa, mainly through literature (29.5%), 53.8% had good knowledge of PCa. However, 78% perceived themselves as not at risk for prostate cancer. For 39.6%, prostate cancer is a myth. While only 15(7.9%) had ever been screened, a greater percentage (92.1%) had never been screened. There is significant association between knowledge and uptake of prostate cancer screening (χ2=3.748, p=0.05) as well as between perception of susceptibility and uptake of prostate cancer screening (χ2=26.093, p=0.00). The risk perception for Prostate Cancer is low among the study cohort. There is need for more public enlightenment to improve awareness and uptake of prostate cancer screening services.

Correlation between prostate size and age of patients evaluated for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the commonest cause of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in middle age and elderly men. Prostate size increases as a man ages. It has been documented that age and androgens are the greatest risk factors for BPH progression. The size of the prostate can predict the future need and outcome of BPH­related surgery. The aim of this study was to correlate prostatic size (volume) with age of patients evaluated for symptomatic BPH. Patients and method: This was a retrospective study of one hundred and ninety two (192) patients that were evaluated for BPH in two (2) urology centers in Nigeria between January 2018 and June 2019. Patient's bio-data, findings on history and physical examination, relevant laboratory and imaging studies, in particular, trans-rectal ultrasound reports of the prostate were collated and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: 192 men with a mean age of 64.23±9.47 years were evaluated. Majority of the patients presented in their 7th decade of life. Mean prostate volume was 67.59±45.70mls while mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 4.76±4.59ng/ml. Correlation between prostate volume and age was weak; r(192) = .172, P<0.05. Conclusion: Prostate size (volume) in our cohort of patients showed a weak correlation with age

Accuracy of digital rectal examination to diagnose prostate cancer confirmed by needle biopsy reports: A 3­year hospital-based study

Background: Digital rectal examination (DRE) is an indispensable tool for provisional diagnosis of prostate diseases. When abnormal prostate examination findings are elicited, a diagnosis of prostate cancer (Pca) is usually entertained and further tests to confirm or rule out the presence of Pca demands histological examination of biopsied tissue. A combination of DRE findings and serum PSA increases the predictive value for Pca diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the degree of accuracy of DRE to diagnose Pca confirmed by histology reports of biopsy specimens.Materials and Methods: Two hundred and six (206) patients were studied over a period of three years. Information retrieved from their case notes were entered into a well-structured protocol for management of prostatic diseases. Analysis of variables collated was performed with the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Frequency table was used to analyze categorical variables while descriptive statistics was used for continuous variables. Level of significance was set at P<.05.Results: 206 patients were studied with mean age of 68.23±8.71 years ranging from 48 to 91 years. Men in the Pca group were older than those in the BPH group. Abnormal DRE was associated with high grade tumours, and high level of aggressive tumour characteristics by WHO grade group standard.Conclusion: DRE has a high level of accuracy in predicting a diagnosis of Pca which was confirmed by histology reports especially in prostates with abnormal findings

Morphologic patterns of testicular lesions in Uyo: A university hospital experience

Background: The testis can be biopsied either for a diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize the common indications for testicular biopsy and determine the pattern of testicular lesions. Materials and Methods: This was an 8­year retrospective study of all testicular and paratesticular specimens that were histologically diagnosed in the Department of Histopathology in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital between January 2008 and December 2015. Results: Sixty­four cases of testicular specimens were received in the histopathology laboratory, accounting for 1.3% of all received specimens. The youngest patient was 4 years, while the oldest patient was 86 years with a mean age of 54.4 ± 21.62. The most common presenting complaints seen in the nonfertility, nonprostate cancer­related cases were testicular swelling, pain, and small­sized testis as seen in 50%, 31.3%,and 12.5% of cases, respectively. In 60.9% of cases, the clinical diagnosis was prostatic cancer, while primary and secondary infertility accounted for 12.5% and 1.6%, respectively, with testicular/paratesticular tumor been the clinical diagnosis in 7.8% of cases. The mean ages for surgical castration patients, male infertility patients, and malignant lesion patients were 68.9, 41.7, and 46.5 years,respectively. Hypospermatogenesis was the most common histopathologic diagnosis of testicular biopsies in infertile men (33.4%). Four malignant lesions were seen, with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma accounting for 50% of cases. Conclusion: Benign neoplastic lesions of the testis are very rare in study population, while embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant lesion seen. Most men do not present to health facility for infertility management

Aspects paracliniques du cancer de la prostate à Cotonou : à propos de 109 cas

But : Explorer les aspects paracliniques du cancer de la prostate à Cotonou et plus spécifiquement les aspects épidémiologiques, biologiques, radiologiques et anatomo-pathologiques. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive sur une durée de huit ans, colligeant tous les cas de cancer de la prostate diagnostiqués au service d'Urologie-Andrologie du CNHU HKM de Cotonou.Résultats : 109 cas ont été colligés au total. L'incidence du cancer de la prostate sur les 8 ans était de 4,7%. Le taux moyen de PSA était de 830,2 ng/ml. Le seul type histologique retrouvé après examen histologique des pièces de biopsie était l'adénocarcinome. Dans 28% des cas le score de Gleason était 6. L'imagerie d'extension la plus réalisée était la radiographie conventionnelle (62,4%). L'atteinte à distance la plus fréquente était celle osseuse (52,9%). La classification TNM de la majorité des patients étaient T2cNxMx (25,6%) Conclusion : Le cancer de la prostate est une pathologie du sujet âgé de plus de 50 ans souvent vu tardivement dans notre milieu. Son diagnostic paraclinique onéreux sous nos cieux rend difficile la réalisation du bilan d'extension et limite les indications de chirurgie radicale

Aspects paracliniques du cancer de la prostate à Cotonou : à propos de 109 cas

But : Explorer les aspects paracliniques du cancer de la prostate à Cotonou et plus spécifiquement les aspects épidémiologiques, biologiques, radiologiques et anatomo-pathologiques. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive sur une durée de huit ans, colligeant tous les cas de cancer de la prostate diagnostiqués au service d'UrologieAndrologie du CNHU HKM de Cotonou. Résultats : 109 cas ont été colligés au total. L'incidence du cancer de la prostate sur les 8 ans était de 4,7%. Le taux moyen de PSA était de 830,2 ng/ml. Le seul type histologique retrouvé après examen histologique des pièces de biopsie était l'adénocarcinome. Dans 28% des cas le score de Gleason était 6. L'imagerie d'extension la plus réalisée était la radiographie conventionnelle (62,4%).L'atteinte à distance la plus fréquente était celle osseuse (52,9%). La classification TNM de la majorité des patients étaient T2cNxMx (25,6%) Conclusion : Le cancer de la prostate est une pathologie du sujet âgé de plus de 50 ans souvent vu tardivement dans notre milieu. Son diagnostic paraclinique onéreux sous nos cieux rend difficile la réalisation du bilan d'extension et limite les indications de chirurgie radicale

Aspects histologiques des biopsies prostatiques à Cotonou

Le cancer de la prostate est devenu le cancer le plus fréquent et la deuxième cause de décès par cancer chez l'homme de plus de 50 ans et constitue un véritable problème de santé publique. Cette étude rapporte les résultats histologiques de biopsies prostatiques réalisées à Cotonou. 209 cas de biopsies prostatiques ont été colligés à partir des registres des laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et de la Cité Houéyiho à Cotonou de juin 2010 - juin 2018 (08ans). Les paramètres étudiés étaient l'âge, la valeur du PSA, les aspects histologiques et le score de Gleason. L'âge moyen des patients était de 65,7±8,4 ans avec une limite inférieure de 41 ans et une limite supérieure de 87 ans. La tranche d'âge la plus importante était celle de 61-71 ans. La moyenne du PSA chez les sujets qui ont eu des biopsies de prostate était de 163,6 ng/ml avec un écart type de 62,1 ng/ml et le taux de PSA >10 ng / ml constituait 79,01 % des cas. 42,1 % des biopsies avaient révélés un adénocarcinome de la prostate alors que l'hyperplasie était révélée dans 57,9 % des cas. Le pourcentage de biopsies positives était de de 16,67 % (2/12) lorsque le PSA est entre 4 et 10 ng/ml et de 54,68 % (35/64) lorsque le PSA dépasse 10 ng/ml. Sur les 88 scores de Gleason obtenus, 30,7 % avaient un score 7 et 44,4 % avaient un score <7. 42.1% des 209 biopsies colligées étaient positives pour un adénocarcinome de la prostate. Des associations ont été retrouvées entre l'âge et le cancer

Investigating racial differences in clinical and pathological features of prostate cancer in South African men

Introduction: Men with West African ancestry living in Europe and North America are at higher risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer, are diagnosed at a younger age, and have more severe disease characteristics. Published reports present a conflicting picture of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to study the clinical and pathological features of men undergoing prostate biopsy from different racial backgrounds in South Africa in an attempt to characterise the disease locally. Our hypothesis was that black African men presenting to our service had more severe disease characteristics than other patients. Methods: All patients who underwent a prostate biopsy at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town from July 2008 to July 2014 were studied. For each patient, data were collected on age, self-assigned race, presenting symptoms, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, and histological diagnosis. Results: A total of 1016 patients were studied. 162 (15.9%) were black and 854 (84.1%) were coloured (mixed ancestry), white, or Asian. Black patients were compared as a group to the coloured, white and Asian patients. The black patients in the series had higher PSA values (mean 167.8 vs 47.7, median 16.4 vs 10.9, p < 0.001), were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer (57.4% vs 44.5%, p = 0.003), were more likely to present with locally advanced cancer (T3/4 16.1% vs 8.9%, p = 0.028), and were more likely to have high grade disease (Gleason ≥ 8 45.2% vs 30.5%, p = 0.011). There was no difference in age, presenting symptoms, or prostate volume. Conclusion: The black men diagnosed with prostate cancer at Groote Schuur Hospital had significantly worse clinical and pathological characteristics than the non-black men. Interpreting these differences as representative of a more common or aggressive disease among black men is not possible due to study limitations

Attitude, perceived risk and intention to screen for prostate cancer by adult men in Kasikeu Sub Location, Makueni County, Kenya

Background: Prostate cancer is increasingly becoming one of the most significant health problems facing Kenyan men and the commonest cause of cancer related death in men globally.Though increased survival rates occur when the diagnosis is done early, the disease is typically detected at a more advanced stage while participation in prostate cancer screening is extremely low. In addition, due to the aging population and population growth, the expected numbers will increase in forthcoming years. Thus, prevention and early detection has immense public health importance. Objective: This study assessed the attitude, perceived risk and intention to screen for prostate cancer by adult men in Kenya.Method: This study was conducted to identify factors associated with intention to be tested for prostate cancer risk among adult men in Kasikeu Sub location, Makueni County, Kenya. An analytical cross-sectional study design using quantitative methods was used.This was achieved through the use of Thomas Jefferson University Prostate Cancer Screening Survey questionnaire using face to face interviews. A sample of 155 men participated in the study and was selected using random selection. Screening for prostate specific antigen (PSA) within the next six months was done and explanatory variables namely attitude, social influence and perceived risk determine. Results: The sample population was aged between 25 to 94 years of age (mean 49.8, SD 16.7). The results indicated that all the men had heard of prostate cancer, but only 3.1% of the men had knowledge (causes and treatment); 2.4% had tested for prostate cancer, and 43.6 percent of the men intended to be tested in the next six months. There was no significant association between demographic factors such as marital status, religion, education level and screening intent (p>0.05). Variables that were significantly associated with intent to screen for cancer were attitude, social influence and perceived risk (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is need for increase health strategies to increase prostate cancer awareness, screening rates which are culturally sensitive and geared toward those living in rural areas with low education levels.In addition, health education should be geared toward modifying men's attitudes about PSA screening and target socially influential people in their lives especially the family. Recommendations: Qualitative studies could provide a more in depth understanding of perceived barriers to prostate cancer screening. This may provide health care professionals with the information they need to implement strategies to address these barriers, in order to increase prostate cancer screening in Kenyan men and ultimately decrease the rate of mortality from prostate cancer

Clinical utility of PCA3 assay in patients with suspicious prostate cancer

Background: this study evaluated the clinical utility of the PCA3 assay in guiding initial biopsy decisions in prostate cancer. Subjects and Methods: this study was conducted on fifty patients selected from the Urology Department at Ain Shams University Hospitals and scheduled for prostate biopsy after digital rectal examination first catch urine was collected. PCA3 scores were determined using RT-PCR and compared to biopsy outcome. The diagnostic accuracy of PCA3 was compared to total prostate specific antigen and %free prostate specific antigen. Results: the best cutoff for PCA3 was 4.6 folds (RQ). This cutoff had a diagnostic sensitivity of 94.7%, specificity 95% and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.978. Total PSA at the cutoff 10 ng/mL had a diagnostic sensitivity 68%, specificity 70% and AUC was 0.766. At cut off 19%, f/t PSA ratio had a diagnostic sensitivity 38%, diagnostic specificity 90 %, and AUC was 0.529. Conclusions: the PCA3 assay can aid in guiding biopsy decisions. It is superior to total prostate specific antigen and %free prostate specific antigen in predicting initial biopsy outcome, and may be indicative of prostate cancer aggressiveness

Prostate cancer detected by screening in a semi urban community in Southeast Nigeria: Correlations and associations between anthropometric measurements and prostate-specific antigen

Context: Prostate cancer (PCa) is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages in Nigeria. Aims: To determine the screen detected PCa prevalence in a suburban community and explore any relationships between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and anthropometric measurements. Settings and Design: Nsukka is a town and local government area (LGA) in Southeast Nigeria in Enugu State. Towns that share a common border with Nsukka are Edem Ani, Alor-uno, Opi, Orba, and Ede-Oballa. Nsukka LGA has an area of 1810 km2 and a population of 309,633 at the 2006 census. All consecutive responders who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Subjects and Methods: A screening outreach was conducted in one location in Nsukka. PSA testing and digital rectal examinations were performed. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Statistical Analysis Used: Results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with significance level set at P< 0.05. Pearson's correlation was conducted for interval data (P < 0.05). Results: One-hundred and sixty men met the inclusion criteria and were screened. Age range was 40­81 years; PSA range was 1.20­33.9 ng/ml. Digital rectal examinations (DREs) was abnormal in 17 men. Median BMI was 27.49. A Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between age and PSA, r = 0.127; P ≤ 0.05, and DRE findings and PSA, r = 0.178; P ≤ 0.05. There was no significant correlation between height and PSA, r = −0.99; P = 0.211; weight and PSA, r = −0. 81 P = 0.308; and BMI and PSA, r = −0.066; P = 0.407. 8/21 men consented to prostate biopsy with three positive, giving a screen detected PCa prevalence of 1.875%. Conclusions: Screen detected PCa prevalence in high this population and efforts to improve early detection may be of value in improving treatment outcomes

Information needs of men for early detection of prostate cancer in IDEMILI-north local government area, Anambra state, Nigeria

The research is a study of information needs of men for early detection of prostate cancer. This study adopted descriptive survey research design. The sample for the study comprised two hundred (200) men drawn from ten Catholic Churches in ten towns of Idemili-North, Anambra State. The instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using percentages and mean ratings. The major findings include that men have a serious need for information on early detection measures, particularly on knowledge of possible warning signs of prostate cancer. Men access information on prostate cancer mainly through television programmes and health centres. Men prefer certain media for effective propagation of prostate cancer such as Health centres, Town hall meetings, church meetings and men's group meetings. The hindrance factors on access to prostate cancer information are all related to absence of functional library services as well as lack of adequate information mechanisms. The study recommends that the government should make prostate cancer information propagation an enforceable integral part of the healthcare delivery system as well as set up awareness campaign committee to strategically implement it.

Association of gleason risk groups with metastatic sites in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the second most common non cutaneous male malignancy worldwide. Gleason composite score is used for risk classification. The most common site of metastasis in prostate cancer is the bone among others. The site and number of metastasis affect overall survival. The ability to predict the metastatic site at diagnosis can assist in predicting the prognosis. To assess the pattern of bone and visceral organ metastases in prostate cancer and evaluate if the initial Gleason grade at diagnosis can predict metastatic sites in prostate cancer. Records of patients with metastatic prostate cancer seen in an institution in Nigeria were analysed. Imaging examination reports used were Technitium99m bone scan for skeletal metastasis; ultrasonography; chest x-ray and cranial CT scan for evidence of visceral metastasis. The association of the initial Gleason grade and site of metastasis was determined using Chi square test for significance. Eighty two patient's records were analysed. The proportion of patients with low risk Gleason grade (=6) at diagnosis was 27(32%); Intermediate risk grade (Gleason=7) was 25 (30%) while high risk Gleason grade (8-10) was 30 (38%). Spinal metastasis was 77(94%); pelvis 55(67%) femur 36 (44%) and tibia 1 (1%) while 55(67%) patients had multiple bones affected. Twenty seven patients 33% had visceral metastasis with liver 15(18%) lungs 9 (11%) and brain 3 (4%). There was no significant association between the initial Gleason risk grade with the site of metastasis (x2 3 =2.411; p=0.491). The spine was the most common site of metastases from prostate cancer in this series. The Gleason risk grade at diagnosis was not predictive of metastatic site

Cancer de la prostate : Corrélation entre le taux de PSA et le score de Gleason

Objectif : Evaluer la corrélation entre le taux de PSA et le score de Gleason. Patients et méthode : Il s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective où ont été retenus les malades ayant un diagnostic histologique de cancer de la prostate avec score de Gleason et un taux de PSA total initial. Trois groupes de différenciation ont été constitués. Le taux de PSA a été regroupé en six classes : < 10 ng/ml, [10-50 ng/ml], ]50-100 ng/ml], ]100-500 ng/ml], ]500-1000 ng/ml], >1000 ng/ml. Le test de Fisher et un modèle de régression logistique ont permis d'apprécier la corrélation entre le taux de PSA et le score de Gleason. Résultats : Soixante-deux cas ont répondu aux critères d'inclusion. L'âge moyen était de 66 ans (extrêmes 49-80 ans). Dans 83,9% le taux de PSA variait entre 10 et 500 ng/ml. Cinquante virgule cinq pour cent (50,5%) avait un score de Gleason compris entre 8-10. Les taux de PSA variaient entre 3 et 3025 ng/ml avec une médiane à 68,5 ng/ml, une moyenne à 211,37 ng/ml et un écart-type de 474,05 ng/ml. Le taux moyen de PSA était de 42,39 ng/ml pour les cancers bien différenciés, 222,8 ng/ml pour les cancers moyennement différenciés, et 249,09 ng/ml pour les cancers peu différenciés. La probabilité d'avoir un cancer bien différencié diminuait significativement avec l'augmentation du taux de PSA selon un rapport de cotes variant entre 1,46 et 1,82 (p = 0,029). Conclusion : Le taux de PSA pourrait permettre de prédire le grade de différenciation du cancer de la prostate mais pas le score de Gleason. Cette prédiction pourrait être améliorée en tenant compte du stade d'extension du cancer