Rage furieuse transmise par un chien errant

Nous rapportons une observation d'un cas de rage furieuse survenue suite à la morsure par un chien errant. La discussion porte sur la clinique, sur la démarche à suivre après morsure par un chien et les difficultés de diagnostic de cette affection dans notre contexte. Les auteurs recommandent le traitement prophylactique antirabique en cas de morsure par un chien errant. Ils rappellent également que la rage est transmise par un animal enragé, et ils interpellent les autorités sanitaires sur la nécessité de former le personnel de santé, de rendre accessible les vaccins et les immunoglobulines antirabiques. Aussi le renforcement de la surveillance de cette anthropozoonose nécessite un laboratoire et un plateau technique capable de confirmer les cas humains de rage. Une action en amont basée sur la vaccination des animaux de compagnie, l'abattage des chiens errants et le traitement prophylactique en cas d'exposition, contribuera à réduire de façon significative l'ampleur de cette maladie./p>

Incidence of dog bite injuries and clinical rabies in a tertiary health care institution: A 10-year retrospective study

Background: It is widely recognized that rabies is grossly under-reported even though it is a notifiable disease and a lack of accurate figures has rendered rabies a low public health and veterinary priority. This study aimed at determining the incidence of dog bite injuries and clinical rabies in a tertiary health care centre.Materials and Methods: Case records of patients managed at the accident and emergency unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, between June 2000 and May 2010 with diagnosis of dog bite and rabies were retrieved. Relevant clinical data were extracted using a structured questionnaire designed for the study.Results: Eighty-one persons out of 24,683 consultations in the accident and emergency unit presented with dog bite injuries with two clinical cases of human rabies. Mean age of victims of dog bite injuries was 21.1 ± 14.3 years and the majority (55.6%) were children. Males were more affected than females with a male:female ratio of 4.8:1, lower limb/buttock injuries were significantly higher in children than adults, but the adults sustained significantly more severe (type III) injury. The majority of dog bite injuries were washed with soap and irrigated with water or saline and 87.7% of the victim of dog bite received postexposure anti-rabies vaccine.Conclusion: Hospital incidence of dog bite injuries was low, but the use of postexposure prophylaxis was high

Cold chain facility status and the potency of animal rabies vaccine used in Nigeria

Rabies vaccine failures were reported in literature. Realising that rabies vaccine is sensitive to temperature change; there is need to assess the storage condition of rabies vaccine from distribution centres to veterinary clinics where they are used. This is to establish the sustained potency from source to use. Cold-Chain facilities were assessed and ampoules of rabies vaccine were collected from the distribution centres and veterinary clinics where they are used. The state of rabies vaccine before collection was noted and recorded. Laboratory assay for the potency of rabies vaccine collected was carried out using mice neutralisation test. Rabies vaccine collected from distribution centres had high virus titre ranging between log 10-2;4 and log10-2;5. The Cold-Chain facilities at these centres were adequate and functioning. However at the clinics; the storage condition deteriorated and the virus titres of vaccine tested ranged between log10-1;4 and log10-1;7. The Cold-Chain facilities were either non-functional or partially functional when they are present. Again there were no generator backups for power supply. The study showed that problem created by non-functional or partially functional Cold-Chain facilities resulted in the potency deterioration of rabies vaccine. It is therefore recommended that Cold-Chain facilities should be overhauled and backup generators be provided. Also recommended is the use of oral rabies vaccine that can stand the room temperature to vaccinate dogs

La cinetique des anticorps antirabiques chez 20 personnes avec le vaccin de cellules renales de foetus de bovin

La Cote d'Ivoire etant une zone de grande endemicite de la rage avec des souches sauvages entretenues par une importante population de chiens errants; toutes les vaccinations doivent etre soumises a un controle systematique des anticorps antirabiques. La vaccination de 20 personnes faite avec le vaccin de cellules renales de foetus de bovin de l'Institut Pasteur; donne une couverture satisfaisante