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1.
SA j. radiol ; 23(1): 1-7, 2019. ilus
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1271356

ABSTRACT

Background: Diagnostic investigations using radiation have become a critical feature of medical practice in recent times. However, the possibility of doctors' underestimation of risks of over-exposure of patients to diagnostic radiation still warrants further evaluation. Objectives: To investigate doctors' awareness of diagnostic radiation exposure at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, South Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical investigation of the awareness of doctors about radiation exposure in diagnostic radiology investigations. A cluster sampling technique was employed to recruit 217 participants. Consent and approval of the participants were sought and obtained before questionnaire administration during departmental meetings between October 2017 and March 2018. Results: Of the participants, 80% had no formal training on radiation exposure and 33.8% of them correctly estimated natural background radiation. Correct estimates of the effective dose from a single-view abdominal X-ray (AXR) were expressed by 7.5%, quantity of radiation of a single-phase computed tomography (CT) abdomen by 30.3% and dosage from a two-view unilateral mammogram by 29.1% of the participants. More than 75% of participants agreed that children are more sensitive to radiation, but only 10.5% suggested medical termination of pregnancy for a woman who had CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast. Dosage and risk of inducing fatal cancer from common but more complex imaging procedures were poorly understood. Only the doctors of the radiology department showed a statistically significant (p< 0.0001) association with regards to their radiation awareness. Conclusion: Because of the high rate of poor awareness of radiation risks observed in this study, it is important to initiate, early in the medical curriculum for medical students, the need for a rotation in the Department of Radiology, similar to such rotations in other medical specialties


Subject(s)
Awareness , Physicians , Radiation Exposure , Radiation Protection , South Africa
2.
West Afr. j. radiol ; 25(1): 28-33, 2018.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1273543

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of occupational hazards among medical radiation workers in Northern Nigeria and to assess the adequacy of existing occupational safety measures in the region. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 139 medical radiation workers in six tertiary health-care institutions in northern Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain vital information about the occurrence of occupational hazards, prevention and control measures. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the computer software SPSS. Results: Out of 159 questionnaires distributed 139 were retrieved giving a response rate 87.4%. Stress, direct contact with bodily fluids, and contrast media splashes were the three most prevalent hazards reported by 121 (87.1%), 78 (56.1%), and 72 (51.8%), respectively. Conclusion: Medical radiation workers in Northern Nigeria face a wide range of occupational hazards, and therefore concerted efforts must be channeled toward mitigating these hazards


Subject(s)
Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnostic Imaging/adverse effects , Nigeria , Radiation , Radiation Exposure
3.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 63(1): 60-66, 2016. ilus
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1266142

ABSTRACT

But : Déterminer les intérêts de la simulation assistée par ordinateur par rapport à ceux de la simulation manuelle. Matériels et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive, rétrospective et transversale menée sur une période de 6 ans (2007-2012) dans le service de radiothérapie de l'Hôpital Général de Yaoundé. Toutes les données en rapport avec l'identification des patients, et les paramètres d'irradiation de ceux-ci, ont été identifiées grâce à une analyse des registres de consultation, des dossiers médicaux, des fiches de simulation et des pancartes de traitement, puis relevées à l'aide d'une fiche technique pré-établie.Résultats : La méthode de simulation assistée et la méthode manuelle présentent le même niveau de précision dans la détermination des paramètres tels que la position du patient et la dosimétrie dans la technique de traitement en Distance Source Peau (DSP) (P = 0.29). La méthode assistée s'est avérée nettement supérieure en tous points à la méthode manuelle dans la détermination du volume cible (P = 0.00) ; du nombre, angulations et dimensions des faisceaux (P = 0.00) ; ainsi que les calculs dosimétriques selon les techniques de traitement en Distance Source Axe (DSA) (P = 0.01). Enfin, seule une technique de simulation aussi sophistiquée et malheureusement coûteuse permettait d'accéder et d'exploiter les avantages de la dosimétrie prévisionnelle (P = 0.00).Conclusion : Nous retenons de cette étude que la méthode de simulation assistée par ordinateur est bien plus supérieure à la technique manuelle, car apportant plus de précision dans la détermination de pratiquement tous les paramètres d'irradiation. Elle constitue le gold standard actuel et son efficacité et son indication pour la radiothérapie de niveau III sont unanimement reconnues. Cependant la technique manuelle dans les pays en pays en développement peut encore permettre avec une satisfaction relative le traitement des tumeurs superficielles et profondes dans un but le plus souvent palliatif que curatif


Subject(s)
Cameroon , Computer Simulation , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation Exposure , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
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