Fréquence des vices de réfractions chez les enfants et adolescents âgés de 5 à 18 ans à l'Institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale d'Afrique, au Mali

Contexte et objectif. Les vices de réfraction, constituent un problème de santé publique sur le plan social et scolaire, mais leur ampleur dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne est peu connue. La présente étude avait pour objectif de déterminer la fréquence et décrire des vices de réfractions chez les enfants et adolescents en âge scolaire. Méthodes. Dans étude transversale et descriptive, les enfants âgés de 5 à 18 ans ; ont subi un examen oculaire, entre janvier 2017 et février 2018, dans le service d'optométrie de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale d'Afrique (Iota). Les paramètres d'intérêt comprenaient les données sociodémographiques, optométriques et ophtalmologiques. Résultats. 220 sujets ont été examinés. Leur âge moyen était de 11 ans avec un sexe ratio de 1,8/1 en faveur des filles. La fréquence hospitalière du vice réfractif a été de 46,8%. Dans l'ensemble, il s'agissait : l'astigmatisme 55,53%, l'hypermétropie 27,18% des cas et la myopie 2,91%. Les emmétropes représentaient 14,38% des cas. Conclusion. Près de la moitié d'enfants en âge scolaire présentent des vices de réfraction, en particulier l'astigmatisme (avec risque d'amblyopie si non corrigé). Des études ultérieures à la recherche des facteurs de risque de cette pathologie sont à envisager

Relationship between refraction, anthropometrics, and educational status in a Nigerian young adult population

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a correlation between reading problems and binocular function, but few studies have assessed visual skills in dyslexic students, particularly in Iranian Farsi-language students. This study is aimed to determine some of the binocular functions of dyslexic children and compare it with a group of age, sex, and social class-matched control children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a case­control study on 27 dyslexic children and 40 age, sex, and social class-matched control children (all between 7 and 13 years old) in grades one to six. This study was performed at three elementary schools in Tehran, Iran. Monocular and binocular near point of accommodation (NPA) were measured using the subjective push-up method, near point of convergence (NPC) was determined using the standard push-up technique, and stereoacuity was tested with the Titmus stereotypes in all of the children. RESULTS: Mean NPA of the right eye was 6.90 cm in dyslexic group and 5.98 cm in the control group (P = 0. 003). Mean NPA of the left eye in dyslexic children was 7.32 cm and in the control group was 6.23 cm (P = 0. 003). Mean binocular NPA was 6.66 cm in dyslexic and 6 cm in the control group (P = 0. 049). However, mean NPC (P = 0.33) and mean stereoacuity (P = 0.785) did not differ significantly between the dyslexic and control groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed a reduced monocular and binocular NPA in dyslexic children so that this function should be assessed by an optometric clinician in children with dyslexia

Causes of Low Vision in Sudan: a Study among the Attendees of Blind Centres in Khartoum

Aims: This study primarily aimed to provide demographic information about the low vision in the blind center at Khartoum state. The objectives were to indicate the main causes of low vision and to show the effect of these causes on the visual functions and mobility among a sample group. Methods: Clinical investigations were performed for visually impaired sample (171 subjects) from Sudan National Association of the Blind and Elnur Institute. Functional tests included; visual acuity (log MAR); contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson); colour vision (colour vision test made easy); confrontation and Amsler tests; structural inspection of anterior eye and interior eye; refraction; assessment of low vision devices; and observation of mobility. Results: The results revealed that 39.7of subjects in blind centers had low vision which can be improved with proper low vision aids. Significant deficiencies were found for all visual functions. The trend of causes is similar to that found in most developing countries. Statistically all causes had similar effect on visual functions. Mobility had provided good indictor differentiating functional vision from a non-useful residual vision in the blinds. Conclusions: There is a great need for the ophthalmologists and optometrists to be aware about the causes; functional effects of low vision in the population; and the possibility of improving vision with the help of low vision devices to a satisfactory level