Determinants of contraceptive use in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

In Côte d'Ivoire, contraceptive prevalence is low (21%). The search for determinants of contraceptive use could make it possible to redirect existing strategies. The objective is to identify the determinants of the use of contraception among women in Abidjan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2018 in the Dallas neighborhood of Adjamé municipal (Abidjan). Women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) were selected there. Sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetrical characteristics, educational level, attitudes and practices of women on contraception were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed. A total of 301 women aged 29.34±8.98 years were selected. The proportion of women using modern contraception was 27.24%. In univariate analysis, the factors associated with use were: level of education (p=0.005), unwanted pregnancies (p=0.017), abortions (p<0.001), consultation of the gynecologist (p=0.003) or a family planning service (p=0.001). Hearing about contraception (p=0.043), knowing (p<0.001) and talking about it with their partner (p=0.027) was significantly associated with its use. In the multivariate analyses, the women who consulted a gynecologist and those who knew the contraceptive methods used them respectively 2 times more (OR= 2.16 [1.14-4.15], p=0.019) and 22 times more (OR= 22.38 [8.42-78.56], p<0.001). Women with primary school education used them significantly less (OR=0.15 [0.05-0.41], p<0.001). Awareness, the gynecologist's consultation, and the level of education were the main determinants of contraceptive use. Also, it is necessary to adapt awareness messages to the characteristics of women.

Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the leading causes of liver diseases which occurs worldwide particularly in developing countries. It is often caused by prenatal transmission from mother to child or household transmission from a close contact during early childhood. It causes different complications like; jaundice, induces premature labor, and prematurity. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 15th, 2016, to February 15th, 2017. Multistage sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Logistic regression analysis was applied and p-values < 0.05 was used to see the significant association between dependent and independent variables. Results: A total of 330 participants were included in this study yielding 98.8% response rate. The Sero-prevalence of hbsag among women of reproductive age was 28(8.5%). Having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 18.73, 95% CI = [3.65, 96.21) history of unprotected sex (AOR = 9.39, 95% CI = [1.64, 53.77) were found to be significantly associated with Sero-prevalence of HBV. Conclusions: The Sero-prevalence of HBV infection among women of reproductive age was highly endemic. Hence, behavioral education and communication programs focusing on reduction of risky sexual behaviors should be designed to reduce HBV infection

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among sexually active women attending the cdc central clinic tiko, south west region, Cameroon

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial; superficial vaginal infection involving a reduction in the amount of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Common symptoms include increased fishy smelling vaginal discharge which is usually white or gray in color. Burning with urination may occur and itching is uncommon. Risk factors include douching; new or multiple sex partners; antibiotics; and use of intrauterine device among others. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among sexually active women aged 15-45 years. Vaginal swabs were obtained with the use of sterile swab sticks which were later smeared on clean glass slides and then Gram stained. The stained smears were observed for bacterial morphotypes with the X100 oil immersion objective and the Nugent scoring system was used to determine BV. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 17.0 and were considered significant at p = 0.05. Results: A total of 100 women participated in the study with the overall prevalence of BV rated 38%. The prevalence of BV with respect to associated factors was also investigated and it was observed that BV was more prevalent in the age groups 20-25 (48.1%) and 25-29 (44.4%); those who had attained only primary education (60.5%); married women; (68.4%); pregnant women (71.0%); and women who practiced vaginal douching; (97.4%). However; no statistical significant difference was observed in the prevalence between these parameters (P 0.05). Conclusions: Conclusively; the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in our study population is 38% and highest among women aged between 25 and 34 years; pregnant women; married women; less educated women and women who practiced poor vaginal hygiene

Attitudes towards and Knowledge about Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices among Women in the Reproductive Age Group in a Resource-Constrained Setting

Background. One of the strategies to reduce maternal mortality includes accessible and appropriate contraceptive services to all women. The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) has been identified as a cheap and effective means of contraception by the South African National Department of Health.Objective. To explore knowledge about the IUCD among women using the public health sector and identify any misconceptions.Methods. A sample of 150 women attending antenatal/postnatal clinics were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.Results. Forty-six percent (n=69) had some experience with the injectable form of contraception; and 2.7 (n=4) had used the IUCD; 70.7 (n=106) knew that the device does not prevent HIV transmission; 40.7 (n=61) knew that HIV-positive women can use the IUCD; 75.3 (n=113) believed that the IUCD causes heavy bleeding; 36.7 (n=55) knew that the device does not stop fertility indefinitely; 33.3 (n=50) knew that the IUCD can be inserted in the immediate postpartum period; and 26.7 (n=40) knew that the duration of use is 10 years. In terms of attitudes; 40.0 (n=60) expressed concern about the pain during insertion; 33.3 (n=50) believed the IUCD can cause cancer; and 32.0 (n=48) believed that the device interferes with normal sexual activities. Most participants 77.3 (n=116) acquired the information they had about the IUCD from the clinic during teaching and counselling sessions.Conclusion. This survey documented poor knowledge about the IUCD among women using the public health sector. However; the fact that there are few misconceptions and that clients rely on the clinic information should be seen as an opportunity to improve the situation

Perception of Women of Childbearing Age (15-45 years) on Causes and Consequences of Infertility in Osogbo Local Government Area of Osun State; Nigeria

Infertility brings about low self-esteem; sense of powerlessness; discrimination and stigmatization as well as threatens the woman's identity; status; marital and emotional security. This study examined the perception of women of childbearing age on causes and consequences of infertility. A descriptive non experimental research design was used. A sample frame of 40 respondents was selected inferential statistics. Three null hypotheses were tested using student t-test at 5level of significance. The study revealed that irregular sexual intercourse; irregular menstruation; untreated sexually transmitted diseases; late marriage especially above 30years of age; fibroid; low sperm count; unsafe abortion; and promiscuity were factors contribute immensely to increase infertility rate. Majority of the respondents opined that infertility could result in divorce or separation of couple which can lead to extinction of that family name; husband's family inherit his property after his death; polygamy or polyandry; loss of hope; lack of joy and happiness in the family. The findings of this study revealed that there is no significant difference in the age religion of women under study and their perception on causes and consequences of infertility with t-calculatedt-tabulated (2.54 4.3); as well as; there is no significant difference was found between the age at marriage of women under study and their perception on causes and consequences of infertility with t-calculatedt-tabulated (2.56 4.3). The results also revealed that there is significant difference in the religion of women under study and their perception on causes and consequences of infertility with t-calculatedt-tabulated (7.64 4.3). It was concluded that sound family life education should be given to the public especially women and adolescents teenagers with emphasizes on causes; prevention and management of infertility