Relation entre exposition professionnelle des manipulateurs de déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques et problèmes respiratoires à Bamako en 2019 / Relationship between occupational exposure of waste electrical and electronic equipment handlers and respiratory problems in Bamako in 2019

Introduction: les déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques (D3E), avec leurs enjeux sanitaires et environnementaux, sont devenus un problème de santé publique exposant les travailleurs aux composés d'éléments toxiques responsables de (2ème expertise) troubles respiratoires. Objectif: Etudier la relation entre l'exposition professionnelle aux D3E et la survenue des problèmes respiratoires à Bamako en 2019. Matériel et Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, analytique de 6 mois, menée dans la ville de Bamako en 2019 et concernait 159 manipulateurs de D3E. Les données ont été collectées sur tablette et les analyses univariées et multivariées réalisées sur SPSS version 22 au seuil de significativité de 0,05 avec présentation des Odds Ratio (OR) et leurs intervalles de confiance à 95% (OR[IC95%]). Résultats : La prévalence en général des troubles respiratoires était de 67,3% chez les manipulateurs des D3E. On notait que le retrait du revêtement des fils électroniques (OR[IC95%] =25,93[2,30;291,53]), la perte de poids récente en dehors d'un régime (OR[IC95%] =7,43[1,68;32,85]) et la rareté de lavage des mains avec du savon après les toilettes (OR[IC95%] =11,50[2,07;63,89]) représentaient un risque plus élevé de problèmes respiratoires. Conclusion :Ces résultats montrent que les manipulateurs de D3E ont beaucoup de comportement à risque des problèmes respiratoires. Cette étude pourrait servir à la mise en œuvre de stratégies visant à réduire l'impact des D3E

Introduction: waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), with its health and environmental issues, has become a public health problem exposing workers to toxic compounds causing respiratory problems. Objective: To study the relationship between professional exposure to WEEE and the occurrence of respiratory problems in Bamako in 2019. Material and Methods: This was a 6-month cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in the city of Bamako in 2019 and involved 159 WEEE manipulators. Data were collected using a tablet (2). Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed using SPSS version 22 with the significance level of 0.05. Odds Ratio (OR) were presented with their 95% confident interval (OR [95%CI]). Results: The overall prevalence of respiratory disorders was 67.3% among WEEE handlers. It was noted that the removal of the coating of electronic wires (OR [95%CI] =25.93[2.30;291.53]), recent weight loss outside of a diet (OR [95% CI] =7,43[1.68;32.85]) and the infrequent hand washing with soap after the toilet (OR [95% CI] =11.50[2.07; 63.89]) represented a higher risk of (2) breathing problems. Conclusion: These results show that D3E handlers have a lot of risky behavior for respiratory problems. This study could be used to implement strategies to reduce the impact of D3E

Profil des affections respiratoires du sujet âgé au service de pneumologie du CHU de Brazzaville

Les défaillances du système immunitaire induites par l'âge avancé favorisent le développement d'affections diverses en association avec les comorbidités et les mauvaises conditions socioéconomiques.L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et évolutifs du sujet âgé hospitalisé en milieu pneumologique Congolais. Matériels et Méthodes:Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective, comparative entre groupes de patients : 4008 patients âgés de moins de 65ans et 570 hospitalisés pour une pathologie respiratoire du service de pneumologie du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Brazzaville. Résultats:Sur les 4578 dossiers enregistrés, la proportion de patients âgés de plus 64ans a été 12,45% (570 cas/4578). L'analyse multi variée a permis de retenir les résultats suivants : les sujets âgés étaient plus de sexe masculin (OR=1,22[1,01-1,48], p=0,03), avec comme co morbité une HTA (OR=1,95[1,37-2,79], p<0,001). Le statut VIH de ces patients était inconnu (OR=0,16[0,11-0,25], p<0,001). La tuberculose était moins retrouvée avec OR=0,50[0,38-0,66], p<0,001 par contre La BPCO, Le Cancer broncho-pulmonaire et pleural étaient prépondérant respectivement avec des OR=5,95[3,49-10,14], p<0,001 ; OR=3,42[2,08-5,66] et OR=4,15[2,20-7,81]. Le taux de mortalité était de 23,68% chez les sujets âgés versus 19,14% chez les jeunes (p<0,001).Conclusion : Le sujet âgé hospitalisé au service de pneumologie présentait des pathologies liées au tabac, et des pathologies tumorales. L'infection tuberculeuse était moins retrouvée

Review on the use of dexamethasone and its impact on fertility and pregnancy

Purpose: Although benefit/risk analysis is usually undertaken prior to starting a treatment, some conditions will inevitably require the use of drugs with known side effects even during pregnancy. This is the case with dexamethasone use in ante natal care. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the uses of dexamethasone and its impacts on pregnancy and fertility in humans. Data source: The review is based on literature searches using PubMed and MeSH and authors' personal manuscript/abstract files and citations of known references. Study selection: The selection of articles reflects the authors' opinion as to originality and importance in the context of the review. The review included human and some aspects of animal study.Data extraction: The electronic searches were scrutinized and full manuscripts of all quotes considered relevant to the study were obtained. All the articles whose abstracts were not available were excluded.Results: Dexamethasone use has evolved over the years to include fertility treatment in both males and females in addition to its use in pregnancy to prevent respiratory distress syndrome in neonates despite its side effects due to the fact that its benefits outweigh the risks. Conclusions: Dexamethasone use has evolved over the years to include fertility treatment in addition to use in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. Low doses have no major adverse effects; however, repeated doses and long-term therapy are associated with more serious sequelae. It is recommended that dexamethasone therapy be incorporated into maternal and neonatal health care services

Dust Exposure; Respiratory Symptoms and Disease among Informal Quarry Workers in Lusaka Province; Zambia

Background: Research into dust exposure and respiratory outcomes in quarry workers has not been extensively conducted in Zambia. Methods: This study determined total and respirable dust levels associated with respiratory symptoms and disease among Zambian informal quarry workers. A cross-sectional study in 2013 among quarry workers (n=400) used an adapted American Thoracic Society respiratory health questionnaire. Area gravimetric dust samplers assessed dust levels. Multivariate models tested for associations between demographics; dust levels; smoking; occupational history and respiratory symptoms and disease. Results: Doctor-diagnosed respiratory disease ranged from 22.2 (bronchitis) to 5.0 (pneumonia); respiratory symptoms ranged from 22.5 (cough) to 8.5 (breathlessness). Dust exposure for ? 6.7 years and exposure to a cumulative total dust concentration of ? 36.7 mg-yrs/m3 were associated with having phlegm and coughing for three or more months; respectively. Conclusion: Dust exposure and respiratory symptoms in this population indicate a need for dust control to prevent disease

The epidemiology of respiratory disease in Zimbabwe

This review of the burden of respiratory diseases in children and adult Zimbabweans is based on limited available literature and highlights a need for more descriptive epidemio- logical studies. In children; the commonest reported causes of respiratory mortality were acute pyogenic pneumonia; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; and tuberculosis; with different patterns of diseases evident between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children. Asthma and other atopic conditions are common but under-reported due to a predomi- nance of publication on HIV-related subjects. In adults; exposure to indoor air pollution due to burning of biomass fuels is probably associated with acute respiratory infections; asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; lung cancer; and nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers in Zimbabwe as in other regions. These conditions also have other common risk factors including malnutrition and tobacco smoking but the prevalence rates of these conditions and their associations with risk factors are not known. In adults with chronic cough; tuberculosis is the most common diagnosis among HIV infected adults but lower respiratory tract infections and asthma were more common among HIV- negative patients. Factors associated with tobacco smoking in Zimbabwe are discussed

Parodontites et maladies respiratoires au centre hospitalier national universitaire de Fann (Sénégal)

Introduction : Les parodontites sont des pathologies infectieuses associées à différentes maladies générales dont les pathologies respiratoires. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer la distribution des parodontites chez les sujets atteints d'affections respiratoires en milieu hospitalier. Matériels et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive transversale basée sur un recrutement de patients hospitalisés ou venus en consultation au Service de Pneumologie de l'hôpital Fann. Les patients atteints de tuberculose n'ont pas été inclus. La distribution de l'atteinte parodontale a été évaluée par les mesures des profondeurs de poche (PP) au sondage et la perte d'attache clinique (PAC) à l'aide de la sonde parodontale de Williams. Résultats : Un échantillon de 70 patients dont 25 femmes et 45 hommes a été sélectionné pour cette étude. La moyenne d'âge était de 42 ans ± 4,2.La prévalence des pneumopathies bactériennes était de 54,3%, celle des Broncho Pneumopathies Chroniques Obstructives (BPCO) de 22,9%. Des profondeurs de poche ≥4mm ont été retrouvées chez 50% des sujets et 64,7% ont présenté une perte d'attache clinique ≥2mm.Les profondeurs de poche étaient plus importantes chez les patients atteints de pneumopathie bactérienne et de BPCO. Conclusion : La prévalence élevée des parodontites nécessite une collaboration entre pneumologue et parodontologiste afin de limiter les effets délétères d'une mauvaise condition orale sur la santé générale

Place de la pathologie respiratoire en consultation medicale a l'Hopital Militaire d'Abidjan

Du 01 janvier au 31 decembre 2004; nous avons releve l'importance de la pathologie respiratoire en consultation medicale a l'HMA.Cette etude avait pour motivation principale de repertorier toutes les pathologies respiratoires en consultation medicale.Sur 5545 patients vus au total en consultation medicale; seuls 1233 ont presente un interet pour notre etude.LE PROFIL EPIDEMIOLOGIQUELa moyenne d'age etait de 30 ansLa tranche d'age de 0 a 35 ans etait la plus atteinte avec 73;2pour centLa couche socioprofessionnelle defavorisee representait 5;1pour cent des casLa population civile representait 91;4pour centLes patients pour la plupart etaient venus d'eux-memes (69;9pour cent)Les consultants ivoiriens representaient 85;8pour cent.LE PROFIL CLINIQUELe motif de consultation dans 97;16pour cent des cas etait respiratoireLes signes respiratoires se repertorient comme suit :La toux; la douleur thoracique; la dyspnee; l'expectoration; hemoptysie et la dysphonie.Le mode de debut et le delai de consultation etaient dans la plupart des cas non precises avec des taux respectifs de 99;2pour cent et 83pour cent.LE PROFIL PARA CLINIQUELa radiographie pulmonaire etait l'examen le plus demande.LE PROFIL PATHOLOGIQUEOn distingue la PAB (4;4pour cent); la bronchite aigue (2;3pour cent); la tuberculose (2;2pour cent); l'asthme (1pour cent); tuberculose multifocale (2pour cent) et la BPCO (2pour cent).Les affections non respiratoires (7;9pour cent) dominees par les affections ORL (3;6pour cent).Les cas de diagnostic non precise representaient 89;7pour cent.LE SUIVI26;6pour cent sont suivis en ambulatoire4;9pour cent sont hospitalises apres la lere consultation0;6pour cent sont perdus de vue0;4pour cent sont adresses au CAT ou autre service specialise

Isolation of Moraxella catarrhalis from the nasopharynx of outpatients in a teaching hospital

The isolation of Moraxella catarrhalis in the nasopharynx of healthy subjects indicates that there is a potential risk for respiratory infections; especially otitis media; due to this organism. The carrier rates of M. catarrhalis in the nasopharynx of patients with illness other than the respiratory tract were determined. One hundred and twenty patients of all ages were screened. The patients' ages ranged between 18 months to 72 years (mean 31.4 years). There were 58 males and 54 females with male to female sex ratio of 1 :0.93 M. catarrhalis was isolated in 8 (7.2 percent) patients either in pure culture or mixed with other bacteria. The highest isolation was found mixed with S. pneumoniae which was in 3 (2.7 percent) cases. Fifty percent of the M. catarrhalis isolates were Beta - lactamase produres as detected by the chromogenic cephalosporin method using nitrocifin discs. A high percentage of Beta - lactam producing M. catarrhalis isolates has negative effects in the treatment of Beta - lactam antibiotic sensative respiratory pathogens; since the enzyme destroys the drug before it acts on the target organisms

Care giver's knowledge; beliefs; attitudes and practices on case management of acute respiratory illnesses in a rural district in Ethiopia

A survey was conducted in three randomly selected farmer's associations in Sululta District; around Chancho town out of which; 540 households were selected randomly. Mothers and other care givers of children under-five were interviewed regarding their knowledge; beliefs; attitudes and practices in case management of acute respiratory illness. The study showed that 406 (75 percent) of the care givers have favorable practice; whereas 483 (89.4 percent); 497 (92 percent) and 334 (61.9 percent) of the care givers have unfavorable attitudes; knowledge and beliefs; respectively. Care givers' age is significantly associated with their practices; attitudes and knowledge whereas care givers' education and presence of grand parents in the neighbourhood affected significantly their attitude; knowledge and belief

A review of the effects of wood dust and vapours at work

There are 350 carpenters in the Seychelles. Most of them do not wear dust masks or safety glasses or overalls. Nor is the dust locally extracted at the machine itself. Three of these carpenters in the single year were suspected having lung cancer. Ultimately two of the diagnoses were confirmed whilst; the third was found to be a pneumoconiasis. The use of modern machinery; which produces very fine dust particles; without the use of the protective apparel which is compulsory in the developed world; is likely to have been an important contributory factor to these 3 mens' respiratory diseases

SIDA de l'enfant dans le service de pédiatrie du CHU-Tokoin, Lomé (Togo): aspects cliniques et épidémiologiques

51 enfants souffrant de SIDA; hospitalises entre janvier 1991 et septembre 1992 dans le service de pediatrie du CHU-Tokoin (Lome); ont fait l'objet d'une analyse retrospective epidemiologique et clinique. Le sex-ratio a ete de 0;8 et l'age moyen de 25;64 mois (extremes: 2 mois et 15 ans). L'infection a HIV 1 s'est averee predominante (100 pour cent des cas). Sept enfants avaient un double profil serologique HIV1-HIV2. Diarrhee trainante; candidose oropharyngee; adenopathies; malnutrition proteino-energetique de type marasme et infections respiratoires (a germes banals et tuberculose pulmonaire) ont ete les dominantes pathologiques observees

Acute respiratory infection in an infant

A study of the episodes of acute respiratory infection (ARI) that occurred in a paediatrician's daughter during infancy; revealed 11 episodes with an average duration of 8.7 days (range: 3-18 days). In nine of the episodes; family members experienced ARI which preceded that of the infant by a mean of four days (range: two-seven days). Relevant factors to this ARI experience included family size; number of siblings at school and household irritants. Most of the ARI episodes in the infant required only liberal intake of oral fluids; breast feeding and nasal toiletting

Clinical predictors of outcome in childhood pneumonia

Three hundred and thirty children admitted to the University Teaching Hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia were studied prospectively. Various clinical parameters were examined to determine their sensitivity; specificity and ability to predict the outcome of pneumonia in children. Tachypnoea (respiratory rate 40 per minute); age 3 years; duration of illness 3 days before admission; and presence of associated diseases were strong predictors of mortality. Awareness and recognition of these simple clinical criteria at the family and primary health care level will reduce mortality from childhood pneumonia and improve child survival

Causes of sudden death as seen at autopsy in Mulago

The autopsy study was carried out in the mortuaries found at Mulago to studt lesions in sudden death in respect to age; sex; tribe and high light any other disorders identified in the cases. There were 51 cases on which autopsy was carried on; 26 from the hospital mortuary and 25 from forensic mortuary. These cases fufilled the definition of sudden death using the WHO definition 1971. 26 cases were male (51) and 2 female (49) The median age was 35 years and the average age was 40.73 years. The highest number of cases came from Ganda tribe with 28; (54.9) and the lowest cases were from Samia; Nyoro; Lugbara; and Rwanda. Infection was the commonest cause of sudden death accounting for 12 cases followed by asphyxia 9 and then pulmonary embolism 5 cases. In general respiratory causes of death contributed the highest number of death with 21 out of 51 (41.2). In 12 months 25 cases of sudden deaths were seen in Mulago Hospital this represented (6.25) of the 400 autopsies done in 1997. The study showed that sudden death is quite common in Mulago with an almost equal male to female ratio and was found to be highest in the young active age group but no age was exempted. The study also demonstrated that some of the causes of sudden death are preventable and if identified early this can go along way to limit the incidences of sudden death. There were also a number of limitations. Because of Religious and cultural reasons; autopsy was not done on all people who died suddenly. Since in most cases bodies had to be carried from long distances to the mortuary were postmortem could be performed; distance to Mulago also had a role to play. Lack of some technical facilities limited the scope of findings in sudden death i.e. toxicological and biochemical examinations were not done yet this could have added on more information