ABSTRACT
This review of the burden of respiratory diseases in children and adult Zimbabweans is based on limited available literature and highlights a need for more descriptive epidemio- logical studies. In children; the commonest reported causes of respiratory mortality were acute pyogenic pneumonia; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; and tuberculosis; with different patterns of diseases evident between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children. Asthma and other atopic conditions are common but under-reported due to a predomi- nance of publication on HIV-related subjects. In adults; exposure to indoor air pollution due to burning of biomass fuels is probably associated with acute respiratory infections; asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; lung cancer; and nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers in Zimbabwe as in other regions. These conditions also have other common risk factors including malnutrition and tobacco smoking but the prevalence rates of these conditions and their associations with risk factors are not known. In adults with chronic cough; tuberculosis is the most common diagnosis among HIV infected adults but lower respiratory tract infections and asthma were more common among HIV- negative patients. Factors associated with tobacco smoking in Zimbabwe are discussed
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Adult , Child , HIV Infections , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , ZimbabweABSTRACT
Du 01 janvier au 31 decembre 2004; nous avons releve l'importance de la pathologie respiratoire en consultation medicale a l'HMA.Cette etude avait pour motivation principale de repertorier toutes les pathologies respiratoires en consultation medicale.Sur 5545 patients vus au total en consultation medicale; seuls 1233 ont presente un interet pour notre etude.LE PROFIL EPIDEMIOLOGIQUELa moyenne d'age etait de 30 ansLa tranche d'age de 0 a 35 ans etait la plus atteinte avec 73;2pour centLa couche socioprofessionnelle defavorisee representait 5;1pour cent des casLa population civile representait 91;4pour centLes patients pour la plupart etaient venus d'eux-memes (69;9pour cent)Les consultants ivoiriens representaient 85;8pour cent.LE PROFIL CLINIQUELe motif de consultation dans 97;16pour cent des cas etait respiratoireLes signes respiratoires se repertorient comme suit :La toux; la douleur thoracique; la dyspnee; l'expectoration; hemoptysie et la dysphonie.Le mode de debut et le delai de consultation etaient dans la plupart des cas non precises avec des taux respectifs de 99;2pour cent et 83pour cent.LE PROFIL PARA CLINIQUELa radiographie pulmonaire etait l'examen le plus demande.LE PROFIL PATHOLOGIQUEOn distingue la PAB (4;4pour cent); la bronchite aigue (2;3pour cent); la tuberculose (2;2pour cent); l'asthme (1pour cent); tuberculose multifocale (2pour cent) et la BPCO (2pour cent).Les affections non respiratoires (7;9pour cent) dominees par les affections ORL (3;6pour cent).Les cas de diagnostic non precise representaient 89;7pour cent.LE SUIVI26;6pour cent sont suivis en ambulatoire4;9pour cent sont hospitalises apres la lere consultation0;6pour cent sont perdus de vue0;4pour cent sont adresses au CAT ou autre service specialise