Risque de transmission de certains arbovirus à travers le don de sang à Bamako / Risk of transmission of certain arbovirus through blood donation in the city of Bamako

Introduction. Au Mali, le dépistage de certains virus tels que la dengue, Zika et la fièvre de la vallée du Rift n'est pas systématique au centre national de transfusion sanguine (CNTS). Le risque peut être considérable en raison de leurs courtes périodes de virémie asymptomatique dans la population dont l'incidence est variable et parfois extrêmement élevée. Cette étude avait pour objectif d'explorer la possibilité de transmission de certains arbovirus à travers le don de sang au CNTS de Bamako. Méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, de juillet 2019 à juin 2020 à Bamako. Au total deux cents (200) donneurs de sang du CNTS ont été inclus. Les examens ont été réalisés au Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) de Bamako avec le dépistage du génome des virus responsables de la Dengue, de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, et du Zika à l'aide de la technique de la RT-PCR en temps réel. Le Test de Dépistage Rapide (TDR) a été utilisé pour la détection des anticorps IgG et IgM spécifiques de la Dengue. Résultats. Le sexe masculin représente 84% (168/200). Le TDR a détecté 4,5% (9/200) de Dengue IgG positifs et aucun cas de Dengue IgM positif. La technique de RT-PCR n'a détecté aucun des trois virus. Conclusion. Cette étude prouve que le risque de transmission de certains arbovirus à travers le don de sang existe, mais il semble être minime au CNTS de Bamako

Background. In Mali, screening for certain viruses such as dengue, Zika, and Rift Valley fever is not systematic at the national blood transfusion center (CNTS). The risk can be considerable due to their short periods of asymptomatic viremia in the population with variable and sometimes extremely high incidence. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of transmission of certain arboviruses through blood donation at the CNTS of Bamako. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study, from July 2019 to June 2020 in Bamako. A total of two hundred (200) blood donors from the CNTS were included. The examinations were performed at the Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) in Bamako with the screening of the genome of viruses responsible for Dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Zika using the real-time RT-PCR technique. The Rapid Screening Test (RST) was used for the detection of Dengue-specific IgG and IgM antibodies. Results. Male sex represented 84% (168/200). The RDT detected 4.5% (9/200) of IgG positive Dengue and no IgM positive Dengue cases. The RT-PCR technique did not detect any of the three viruses. Conclusion. This study proves that the risk of transmission of certain arboviruses through blood donation exists, but it seems to be minimal at the CNTS of Bamako.

Rift Valley Fever in the Horn of Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

The Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemic in the Horn of Africa region in 2007 resulted in significant mortality on a background of protracted political instability; famine; food insecurity and internal population displacement. Communicable diseases such as RVF are difficult to contain in such a context with protracted civil war; statelessness; poor governance and constant population movement. A literature review was conducted to assess i) contributing factors to the latest RVF crisis and ii) emergency response. Within the review; the challenges and opportunities for future management were also identified. A range of geopolitical; socioeconomic and environmental barriers impeded the public health response; notably the lack of regional epidemic management guidelines. The Horn of Africa nations did not have localized response plans despite the presence and assistance of multinational organizations with epidemic containment strategies. Traversing borders and boundaries; RVF could wreak devastating outcomes once more unless stringent local and regional public health collaborations are established. It is therefore necessary to empower livestock owners and instate them in national and regional early detection; as part of a strengthened detection and response mechanism

Forme hemorragique grave de la fievre de la vallee du Rift observee chez un jeune Malgache

La fievre de la vallee du Rift (FVR) est une zoonose virale qui touche principalement les animaux mais elle peut contaminer l'homme. La forme hemorragique constitue une complication grave et mortelle de la FVR; elle ne s'observe que dans 1des cas mais gravement mortelle dans 50des cas. Notre etude rapporte un cas grave de forme hemorragique de FVR qui est observe dans le service de reanimation du CHU Antananarivo (Hopital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana) chez un eleveur de 22 ans. La maladie se manifeste par un syndrome infectieux et une apparition precoce (des le 2e jour) des complications hemorragiques. Ce sont des hemorragies diffuses (hematemese; gingivorragie; petechies; hematurie; hemorragie au point de ponction veineuse..). Cette complication hemorragique a entraine le deces de ce patient des le 4e jour du debut de symptome malgre la reanimation. Le bilan biologique a montre des alterations de la fonction hepatique et des troubles de la coagulation. Des defaillances multi viscerales ont ete egalement observees

Arboviral diseases in Southern Africa

Arthropod-borne viral diseases; better known as arbovirus diseases; are more common than we think and are often misdiagnosed or not diagnosed at all. More than 100 arboviruses causing human disease have been recognised worldwide. This presentation will provide a review of some of the arboviruses occurring in Southern Africa; and also some of the common diseases seen in travellers returning home from other African and overseas destinations. The clinical syndromes vary extensively; with signs and symptoms ranging from acute benign fevers of short duration to the very dramatic viral haemorrhagic fevers. The reservoirs and vectors of most viruses are well described; but even after years of extensive research there are still a few that remain elusive and pose great challenges for future study

Rift Valley Fever

To evaluate the importance of human exposure to RiftValley fever virus in Chad; investigations were carried outto determine specific antibody prevalence in domestic ruminantsduring the 2002 rainy season. Results highlighted recent; substantial; active transmission of this virus