Antibiotic Susceptibility and Plasmid Profiles of Shigella Species in Sudan

This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic susceptibility; plasmid profile and conjugative abilities of Shigella species isolated from different towns in Sudan during 2005-2007.Methods:Stool specimens were collected in Carry Blair transport medium from patients presenting with diarrhea from different sites in Sudan between the years 2005-2007.All specimens were inoculated on Mac Conkey's agar and Xylose Lysine Dioxycholate (XLD) (Mast group Ltd. Merseyside U.K.). Bacteria was isolated and subjected to different antibiotics to detect sensitivity and transference of resistance.Results:One hundred and fourteen Shigella isolates were included in the study.Eighty (70.1) were Shigella flexeneri representing the dominant isolate; followed by 20 (17.5) isolates of Shigella dysenteriae; 9 (7.9) Shigella sonnei and 5 (4.5) Shigella boydii.Most of the isolates showed resistance to streptomycin (70);tetracycline (52) and co-trimoxazole (43).They were highly sensitive to norfloxacin (97); nalidixic acid (95); gentamicin (89) and chloramphenicol (77).Multi-drug resistance to two or more antibiotics was apparent in most of the isolates (64; 56.1).Fifty nine of the resistant Shigella isolates were studied for their ability to transfer resistance to the donor E. coli K12 by conjugation.Of these;six were able to transfer resistance to streptomycin; tetracycline and co-trimoxazole.Extraction of the plasmid DNA from both donors and trans-conjugants showed a single type of plasmid with a molecular weight of 4.6 Kb.Conclusion The transfer of multi-drug resistant plasmids and the emergence of antibiotic Shigella and other bacterial species should raise the awareness and the seriousness of the uncontrolled (unsupervised) use of antibiotics in the medical practice

Distribution of serogroups and serotypes of multiple drug resistant shigella isolates

Background: The distribution of Shigella sero-types is of epidemiological importance and antim-icrobial therapy for shigellosis can prevent poten-tial complications of shigellosis. Studies done fifty years ago in Ghana indicated the predominance of Shigella flexneri.Objectives: To describe the distribution of Shig-ella serogroups and serotypes and their anti-biogram profiles.Study design: A prospective descriptive study.Setting: The Microbiology Department of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.Methods: Consecutive stool specimens from pa-tients with diarrhoea submitted between February 2004 and June 2005 were cultured for Shigella and the isolates typed with commercial anti-sera. The susceptibilities of the isolates were also tested against eleven antimicrobial agents by the disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentra-tions (MIC) of isolates to ciprofloxacin were also determined by the E-test.Results: Five hundred and ninety four diarrhoea stool specimens yielded 24 Shigella isolates with the following serogroup distribution: S. flexneri 70.8

Screening Of Ten Indian Medicinal Plants For Their Antibacterial Activity Against Shigella sSpecies And Escherichia coli

Ethanol and Aqueous extracts of ten Indian medicinal plants were tested for their antibacterial properties against Shigella sonei; S. boydi; S. flexeneri; S. dysenteriae and Escherechia coli with disc diffusion; well diffusion; and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the bulb of Alium sativum was effective against S. dysenteriae; S. boydi; and E. coli. The Ethanol extract of the rind of Garcinia mangostana showed activity against S. sonei. The results were compared with results obtained using standard antibiotic disc (Chloramphenicol 30 ug/disc and Ciprofloxacin 5 ug/disc). Spectral analysis of the crude aqueous extract of A. sativum and the crude ethanol extract of G. mangostana were carried out

Susceptibility of salmonella; shigella and vibrio cholerae 01 to antimicrobial agents at Muhimbili Medical Centre; Dar es Salaam during 1990-19 [sic]

Surveillance of susceptibility of salmonelle; shigella; and v.cholerae 01 to antimicrobial agents was conducted in the period January 1990 - June 1991 at Muhimibili Medical Centre Dar es Salaam. Of the 82 salmonella isolates studied 53(64.4 percent) were resistant to sulphonamide/trimethoprim; 50(61 percent) to ampicillin; 31(37.8 percent) to tetracycline and none was resistant to chlormaphenicol or ciprofloxacin. Of 73 shigella isolates 44(60.2 percent) were equally resistant to sulphonamide/trimethoprim and ampicillin; and 43(58.9 percent) to tetracycline. Eight (10.9 percent) of the shigella were resistant to chloramphenicol and 1(1.3 percent) was resistant to augmentin and none was resistant to ciprofloxacin. [abstract terminated]