Dietary habits, physical activity and sleep pattern among in-school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Overnutrition has been documented at epidemic levels in children and adults. The associated risk factors may include poor dietary habits, sedentary behaviour, inadequate sleep and low parental education. Objective: To describe dietary habits, physical activity and sleep patterns among secondary school adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,120 adolescents recruited from public and private secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria, was carried out to study the dietary habits, sleep patterns and physical activity in relation to nutritional status. Results: Ten per cent of the adolescents skipped breakfast, while 28% had fruits on up to five days of the week. Eleven per cent had a sweetened drink every day, while 20 % had a sweetened drink on most days of the week. One out of four (26%) adolescents had more than two hours of screen time daily, and only 5% engaged in sporting activities up to five times weekly. One-third of the students slept for less than six hours daily and experienced sleeping difficulties. Multivariate analysis showed that females were twice as likely not to participate in sports (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.3-4.37, p = 0.002 and to have a higher intake of confectionaries (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.07-2.04, p = 0.01. Conclusion: Poor dietary habits, inadequate physical activity and insufficient sleep were observed among secondary school adolescents. A multi-pronged approach to improve these behaviours is recommended

Cavernosal artery peak systolic velocity among normal adults in Abuja, Nigeria: A Baseline parameter for sonographic diagnosis of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction

Background: Erectile dysfunction is consistent inability to achieve and maintain erection of sufficient rigidity for satisfactory sexual performance. It is well known that the hemodynamic function of the penis correlates well with the peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the cavernosal artery (CA) which is the most reliable, sensitive, and objective parameter used in evaluating the state of the erectile tissues of the penis. This study was aimed at establishing the normal CA PSV in this environment, as it may differ from the values among Americans, Caucasians, and Asians. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between July 2015 and January 2017, at the Department of Radiology, Federal Medical Centre, Abuja. Twenty-nine consecutive patients referred by the urologist to the radiology department of the aforementioned institution for penile ultrasound were evaluated using triplex Doppler sonography with high-frequency linear array transducer. The penile scan was done before and after intracavernosal injection of 10­20 µg prostaglandin E1. The waveforms of CAs were obtained alternately using the angle of inclination ≤60°, and the PSV of the CA was documented at 5-min interval, from 5 to 40 min. Results: PSV of CA varied between 26 and 104.4 cm/s (mean: 46.72 ± 16.21) among the entire research participants. No significant discrepancy was noted between PSV of the right and left cavernosal arteries. The PSV had a strong positive relationship with age (P = 0.002), with the highest values found among those ≤30 years. Conclusion: The mean PSV of cavernosal arteries established in this study is not significantly different from the values obtained among Americans, Caucasians, and Asians, indicating that racial difference has no effect on this important sonographic variable

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS)

N/A

Migraine-Associated Vertigo and Dizziness as Presenting Complaint in a Private General Medical Practice

Migraine-associated vertigo (MV) remains a developing entity because accepted diagnostic criteria are unavailable. Patients present with debilitating dizziness without experiencing headache; and are often misdiagnosed as anxious. The condition is manageable in primary care without the need for neurological referral. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MV and migraine-associated dizziness (MD) as presenting complaints. Methods: Patients presented with dizziness probably or definitely associated with migraine history based on the criteria of the International Headache Society. Patients with other vestibulopathies and medical conditions were excluded. Patients were evaluated over a period of nine months. Seven hundred and seventeen patients were examined. The numbers of patients were recorded as a percentage of the population visiting a general practitioner. Response to migraine prophylactic medications was regarded as supporting evidence of the diagnosis. Response was regarded as a complete resolution of symptoms. Results: Of the 717 patients seen; 12 were identified as having probable or definite MV. Five patients were treated with migraine prophylactic medications; namely amitriptyline 25 mg nocte and/or sodium valproate CR 300 mg bd; and all showed a response to the treatment. Conclusions: We conclude that the prevalence of MV as presenting complaint may be as high as 1.67. This figure does however not reflect the total patient population that suffers from the condition - this figure may be much higher. Of those patients treated for MV the response was 100; further supporting the diagnosis. MV is a relevant complaint that is often misdiagnosed as psychogenic in origin

Infant Sleeping Environment in South-Eastern Nigeria (Sleeping Place and Sleeping Position): A Preliminary Survey

Objective. To determine infant sleeping position/place and the factors associated with them in South-eastern Nigeria. Methods. this is a cross-sectional study on infant sleeping environment. Subjects were the mother/ infant pairs that attended the well baby clinics at the Institute of Child Health of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital; Enugu (ICH-UNTH); Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital (MCSH); Enugu and the Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital (EBSUTH); Abakaliki. Results. Lying on the side was the most common (51.1) and the least stable sleeping position. Only 36.6of infants who slept in that position were likely to be found in the same position the following morning; lying supine was the most stable (74.1). The difference in stability of sleeping positions was statistically significant (P.01). Twenty six point seven percent of the mothers routinely lay their infants in prone position. On logistic regression; maternal parity was the only factor that was predictive of nonprone sleeping position (P); was more among the experienced (P=.03) and less educated mothers (P.01). Conclusion. There is a high level of prone sleeping position and bed sharing among infants in this study site. The potential consequences of these are unclear. There is therefore a need to conduct local studies to clarify its implication