Les pathologies des freins de la langue dans notre pratique quotidienne à Conakry, République de Guinée

Le frein de la langue est un repli muqueux qui relie le plancher de la bouche à la langue et qui empêche son recul. Il permet également de limiter les mouvements de celle-ci. Sa brièveté et ou son hypertrophie peuvent entraver la mobilité et par conséquent empêcher l'exécution correcte des nombreuses fonctions qui lui sont dévolues. Les pathologies du frein de la langue sont décelées pour la plupart, en bas âge, grâce à la vigilance des sages-femmes, des pédiatres et souvent des mères. L'objectif de la présente étude était de déterminer les motifs de consultation liés à cette pathologie et d'évaluer les résultats après le traitement. Patients et méthodes. Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive avec un rapport d'une série de cas observés sur une période de cinq ans (décembre 2008-Janvier 2013), dans le service d'odontostomatologie de l'hôpital national Ignace Deen de Conakry. Elle avait permis de recenser 51 patients. La mise en évidence clinique du frein pathologique a été le principal critère de sélection. Résultats Les patients avaient des âges compris entre 2 semaines et 50 ans et 70,58 % avaient des âges inferieurs à 1 an. Le principal motif de consultation était la difficulté à l'allaitement ainsi que la douleur mammaire lors de la succion. Le traitement chirurgical (freinectomie) a été réalisé chez tous les patients soit 100%. La correction du motif de la consultation a été favorable chez 60% de l'effectif. Conclusion. Les pathologies des freins de la langue sont une réalité pour dans notre pratique quotidienne. Les difficultés à l'allaitement, alertent souvent les parents. La freinectomie est le traitement de choix permettant la rémission des symptômes. La découverte précoce permet d'éviter la souffrance du nourrisson et de sa mère

The views and knowledge of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder on a range of treatments

Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that appears before the age of 3 years. Symptoms reflect delayed or abnormal social interaction and communication skills, with restricted or repetitive behaviour warranting the need for early intensive treatment.Methods. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and views of parents regarding treatments for their children, aged between 5 and 9 years old with ASD, in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. An embedded mixed methods research design was utilised. Nonrandom purposive sampling was used to select 46 parents of children with ASD. A 42-item questionnaire was used and the data were interpreted using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.Results. More than half of the parents (53%) were unfamiliar with or had only heard of treatments in question, while 13.4% had a practical understanding of the treatments. Of all the treatments, parents rated their knowledge of speech-language therapy (SLT) most highly. The majority (68%) stated that they had difficulties accessing ASD treatment facilities and healthcare professionals, and perceived treatments as being costly. Even so, 74% of parents reported that they had a good relationship with their healthcare professional.Conclusion. The above findings should be viewed as motivation for health professionals to share information regarding the range of ASD treatments. They can assist parents in accessing appropriate facilities, recommend treatments that are supported by research, and update their knowledge on advances in ASD treatment

Communication characteristics of young children with HIV in South Africa as reported by some physicians

HIV has been shown to have significant effects on the development of a child. Currently; there is limited South African research regarding HIV and specific characteristics of communication development; and the treatment thereof; in the child infected with HIV. The objective of the research was to describe the communication characteristics of a group of children between the ages of 0 and 5 years infected with HIV at a hospital in Gauteng; South Africa. Clinic records of 203 children infected with HIV between the ages of 0 and 5 years were reviewed using a pre-designed checklist within the outreach clinic of a large regional hospital. A questionnaire was completed by four medical practitioners working with this population within the outreach clinic. A total of 91.62 of the infected children were diagnosed as being either in Stage III or IV of the disease (according to the WHO classification system of 2005); with all infants presenting with a CD4 count of =60. Most (75.37 of the total sample) were receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) at the time the data were collected. According to their medical; social; communication and general development; almost all the children qualified for Early Communication Intervention (ECI) but were not recorded as being referred for such services. A large proportion of the target population presented with opportunistic infections and/or HIV associated conditions. The results highlight the developmental characteristics of children living with HIV; and identify the need for medical doctors and allied health professionals to be provided with relevant literature or training regarding the communication development of children infected with HIV. This will facilitate appropriate referrals for ECI services

Pathologie developpementale du langage oral

Introduction et objectif : La pathologie developpementale du langage oral est une entite nosologique dont l'etiologie est multiforme. Cette etude avait pour objectif d'en determiner les caracteristiques epidemiologique et clinique a Abidjan. Population et methodes : cette etude retrospective et descriptive a ete realisee au CHU de Cocody et a l'institut national de sante publique ; de 2000 a 2006 (07ans). Resultats : 173 enfants parmi 1942 presentaient un trouble du langage oral (8;9). 124 enfants ont ete inclus dans l'etude. Leur age moyen etait de 3;4 ans. Il y avait 53 garcons pour 71 filles. Les motifs de consultation etaient domines par le retard de langage (39;5). Des antecedents pathologiques ont ete releves : la prematurite (5;64); la souffrance cerebrale (14;51); la meningite (5;64) et les convulsions non febriles (11;29). Ces troubles du langage etaient secondaires (46) a une affection otologique (23;4) ou neurologique (11;3). Conclusion : la pathologie developpementale du langage oral est frequente a Abidjan. Sa prise en charge doit etre codifiee afin de la rendre plus efficace