ABSTRACT
Objective:This study aimed to describe the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of WPVagainst HCWs in Nigeria. Methods:Asystematic review was conducted using pre-defined keywords. The review was performed in line with the PRISMAguidelines on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The population, intervention, comparator, and outcome (PICO) elements for this study were as follows: Population:Nigerian Healthcare workers; Intervention: Exposure to WPV; Comparator: Non-exposure to WPV; Outcome: Mental and Physical health outcomes of exposure to WPV. Of the 18,140 articles retrieved, 15 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In all, 3,245 HCWs were included, and consisted majorly of nurses and doctors. Results:The overall prevalence of WPV(Physical > Verbal/Psychological > Sexual) against HCWs ranged between 39.1%-100%. The predictors of WPVare younger ages (AOR = 2.513, p = 0.012), working in psychiatric unit (AOR = 11.182, p = 0.006), and increased frequency of interaction with patients, and mostly perpetrated by patients and their relatives. Many health facilities lacked a formal reporting system and policies to protect HCWs from WPV. Conclusion:WPVagainst HCWs is a public health problem in Nigeria with dire implications on HCWs; the victims, and the aggressor. Administrators of health facilities should design protocols for WPVreporting, recognition, and management. Patient and 'relatives' education on the 'facilities' policy against WPVshould be undertaken, while orientation sessions on the risk factors for HCWs are scheduled.
Subject(s)
Occupational Risks , Workplace Violence , Occupational Health , Health Personnel , Systematic ReviewABSTRACT
Les dents « natales et néo natales ¼ sont des phénomènes rares mais assez bien documentées dans la littérature. Ces dents apparaissent avant l'âge de l'éruption dentaire et sont à l'origine de nombreuses complications. Leur prise en charge est donc une priorité absolue afin de maintenir un état buccal compatible avec les besoins physiologiques du nouveau-né. A cet égard, de nombreux traitements ont été décrits. Objectif : faire le point sur la prise en charge des dents natale et néo natale afin de mieux comprendre et exploiter les modalités thérapeutiques de ce phénomène décrit comme « rare ¼. Les dents natales et néo natales ont longtemps suscité de nombreuses interrogations quant à leurs étiologies, leurs diagnostics et leurs prises en charge. Que ce soit le médecin pédiatre ou le médecin dentiste, l'implication diagnostique et thérapeutique relève de l'unanimité et la collaboration actives entre les équipes médicales. Le traitement allant d'un simple polissage à l'extraction de la dent natale ou néo natale, il est judicieux d'instaurer une thérapeutique adaptée à la situation clinique tout en sensibilisant les parents de l'importance d'un suivi clinique et radiologique de l'état bucco-dentaire de l'enfant présentant cette anomalie particulièrement rare et pouvant être associée à un état pathologique d'ordre général.
"Natal and neonatal" teeth are rare phenomena but fairly well documented in the literature. These teeth appear before the age of dental eruption and are the cause of many complications. Their management is therefore an absolute priority in order to maintain an oral condition compatible with the physiological needs of the newborn. In this regard, many treatments have been described. Aim: to review the management of natal and neonatal teeth in order to better understand and achieve the best therapeutic modalities of this phenomenon described as "rare". Natal and neonatal teeth have long raised many questions about their etiologies, their diagnosis and their treatment. Whether it is the pediatrician or the dentist, the diagnosis and the treatment involvement is based on unanimity and active collaboration between the medical teams. The treatment, ranging from a simple polishing to the extraction of the natal or neonatal tooth, it is wise to establish a therapy adapted to the clinical situation while sensitizing the parents of the importance of a clinical and radiological follow-up of the oral condition of the child with this particularly rare anomaly and which may be associated with a general pathological condition
Subject(s)
Natal Teeth , Systematic ReviewABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong disease requiring daily self-care activities for better outcomes. Although most of these self-care activities for outpatients are taught in primary health care, their actual practice occurs at home where patients stay. Family dynamics or established cultures impact the management of the disease, hence a need for primary health carefamily partnership to empower both families and patients with ways to manage the disease. This systematic review aims to describe the primary health carefamily partnership. Methods: The literature was sourced using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The Scopus/ Elsevier, ScienceDirect and PubMed databases were used to source literature written in English and published between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2022. Studies were included if focused on self-care activities, management and family-centred care (FCC); participants were diabetes patients and non-diabetic family members; and primary health care diabetes intervention. Results: A total of 62 publications that met inclusion criteria were used in this review. The included studies include quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method studies, including reports. The process of including these publications involved identification, screening and re-screening in line with set eligibility. The key search strategies resulted in the following sub-headings: diabetes self-care, diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES), family-centred care, and primary health care. Conclusion: Evidence from existing literature shows that primary health care is the source of information, yet actual diabetes management occurs at home. This review recommends the adoption of DSMES and FCC modalities to set the foundation for workable primary health carefamily partnerships. The adoption of these joint modalities for partnerships will outline the dos and don'ts in managing diabetes at home. The literature further indicates that family support is critical, therefore primary health carefamilies partnership may lead to improved adherence to self-care activities and better outcomes
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Quality of Life , Diabetes Mellitus , Family Relations , Research Report , Self-Management , Systematic Review , Health EducationABSTRACT
Background: Health literacy plays a crucial role in enabling individuals to navigate and make informed decisions within the healthcare system. It encompasses the ability to understand, interpret, and act upon medical information and instructions, as well as the capacity to source and analyse relevant health information for preventive measures and self-care. This paper explores the interventions aimed at improving health literacy in Nigeria and synthesizes policy recommendations for the Nigerian government. Method: A systematic literature review based on the PRISMA methods was carried out to identify published interventions and reported effectiveness in the Nigerian population. A search strategy using key words health literacy and health interventions was executed in PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus. A total of 268 records were screened for relevance and 18 were identified. Results: Of the 18 reports identified, 13 interventions were effective, 3 interventions had mixed results reporting effectiveness in some domains and ineffectiveness in other important domains, while 2 interventions were not effective. The nature of effectiveness in the interventions was based on the outcomes as reported in the identified studies. Conclusion: The health literacy situation in Nigeria provides a background into some of the challenges faced in achieving universal health coverage and promoting health in Nigeria. Low literacy rates, particularly in its many rural areas, the lack of functional, communicative, and critical health literacy competencies among many adults, as conceptualised in literature pose a significant obstacle to health literacy development in Nigeria. Many of the health literacy interventions have been effective to address various aspects of health literacy on a rather small scale. To comprehensively address the problem, collaborative efforts involving the government, healthcare professionals, non-governmental organisations, media, and the community are necessary.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Literacy , Systematic Review , Health Promotion , Health PolicyABSTRACT
Background: Environmental exposure to toxins has been strongly implicated in its multi-faceted etiology of chronic kidney disease, a serious public health problem affecting individuals, families, and communities. There is a need to synthesize available studies on the effect of heavy metal exposure on renal function, considering the rising global burden of kidney disease. The objective of this study is to determine the association between exposure to heavy metals and renal disease. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were used to conduct the review. A comprehensive independent search, title, abstract, and full-text screening of available literature on Google Scholar, PubMed, and OAREScience was done between March 2021 and May 2021. The criteria for study inclusion were full-text articles published in English language in the last 20 years (2001-2020), and observational primary human studies reporting the association between heavy metal exposure and renal disease. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Results: A total of 552 studies were identified following the search from the different databases. A total of 13 studies were finally included in the review. Heavy metals implicated in the studies include cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic, with ten studies showing environmental exposure as the primary source. Ten (10) studies showed an association between heavy metal exposure and renal impairment (p<0.05) while only 3 studies reported no association. Conclusion: Environmental monitoring is needed to stem the tide of heavy metal exposure in view of the growing burden of chronic kidney disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Metals, Heavy , Environmental Exposure , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Systematic ReviewABSTRACT
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), also referred to as nosocomial infections, is defined as an infection acquired in a hospital setting. This infection is considered a HAI if it was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge, and also occupational infections among staff of the facility. HAI are a major patient safety measure to be considered in hospitals.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections , Surgical Wound Infection , Urinary Tract Infections , Delivery of Health Care , Cross Infection , Prevalence , Meta-Analysis , Systematic Review , MoroccoABSTRACT
Background: To improve healthcare access and mitigate healthcare costs for its population, Nigeria established a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 1999. The NHIS remains Nigeria's leading vehicle for achieving universal health coverage; nonetheless, questions remain regarding its quality and effectiveness. Studies on patient satisfaction have served as a useful strategy to further understand the patient experience and the efficacy of health systems. Aim: To synthesise current knowledge on patient satisfaction with the NHIS. Methods: The authors performed a systematic review of primary literature from 1999 to 2020 reporting on NHIS patient satisfaction in eight databases (including PubMed, Embase, and Africa-wide Information). Results: This search returned 764 unique records of which 21 met criteria for full data extraction. The 21 qualifying studies representing 11 of the 36 Nigerian states, were published from 2011 to 2020, and found moderate overall satisfaction with the NHIS (64%). Further, when disaggregated into specific domains, NHIS enrolees were most satisfied with provider attitudes (77%) and healthcare environments (70%), but less satisfied with laboratories (62%), billings (62%), pharmaceutical services (56%), wait times (55%), and referrals (51%). Importantly, time trends indicate satisfaction with the NHIS is increasing although to differing degrees depending on the domain. Conclusion: The beneficiaries of the NHIS are moderately satisfied with the scheme. They consider it an improvement from being uninsured, but believe that the scheme can be considerably improved. The authors present two main recommendations: (1) shorter wait times may increase patient satisfaction and can be a central focus in improving the overall scheme, and (2) more research is needed across all 36 states to comprehensively understand patient satisfaction towards NHIS in anticipation of potential scheme expansion
Subject(s)
Patient Satisfaction , Systematic Review , Insurance, Health , Program Evaluation , Costs and Cost Analysis , NigeriaABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Une série de facteurs de risque a été reliée au développement de la maladie péri-implantaire, parmi lesquels: la mauvaise hygiène orale, le diabète, le tabagisme et l'antécédent de parodontites. Le microbiote associé à la péri-implantite est semblable à celui associé à la parodontite, et il a été suggéré que les poches parodontales profondes peuvent agir comme un réservoir de bactéries et impacter le taux de succès implantaire. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer les paramètres du succès implantaire chez les patients avec antécédents de maladies parodontales. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Une revue systématique de la littérature de 2004 à 2014 a été réalisée avec une stratégie de recherche documentaire électronique dans les bases de données Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library et Dentistry and Oral Sciences Sources, complétée par une recherche manuelle dans les revues de parodontologie et de dentisterie implantaire. Résultats : 347 articles ont été retrouvés pour une inclusion dans l'étude et après l'application des filtres et critères, seuls 4 articles scientifiques ont été retenus. La population globale incluse dans ces 4 études était de 1945 sujets, dont 1640 atteints de maladies parodontales et 305 sans antécédents de parodontites. CONCLUSION: Sous réserve de la qualité méthodologique des articles retenus, l'antécédent de parodontite ne constitue pas une contre-indication de la pose implantaire, mais le taux du succès implantaire dépend de la forme et de l'évolutivité de la parodontite. Ainsi, la prise de décision de thérapeutique implantaire chez les patients avec antécédent de maladies parodontales doit inclure nécessairement un programme rigoureux de thérapeutique parodontale de soutien pour une stabilité à long terme de l'implant