Anterior Teeth Measurement among Subjects in the University of Port Harcourt as a Sex Indicator and Aid to Maxillofacial Reconstruction

Background: The aim of this study is to determine sexual dimorphism using anterior teeth measurements and its use as an ancillary tool for sexual determination. Methods:In this study, the measurements of the anterior teeth were carried out on one hundred and forty students (80M: 60F) of the University of Port-Harcourt ranging from 15-30 years. The mesiodistal diameter of the central and lateral incisors, right and left canines and their inter-canine distance were measured. These measurements were done with the aid ofa digital Vernier caliper. Also, the percentages of sexual dimorphism were calculated. The values were subjected to statistical analysis.Results:The mean mesiodistal central incisor (MDCI) value for males was 9.78 ± 0.47mm while that of the females was 9.29±0.46mm. The mean mesiodistal lateral incisor (MDLI) value for males was 7.80 ±0.54mm while that of the females was 7.40±0.54mm. The mean mesiodistal right canine (MDRC) value for males was 7.43±0.49mm while that of the females was 7.04±0.40mm. The mean mesiodistal left canine (MDLI) value for males was 7.39±0.51mm while that of the females was 7.03±0.55mm. The mean mandibular inter-canine distance (MICD) value for males was 33.73±1.15mm while that of the females was 32.23±0.98mm. They were all statistically significantat p<0.05.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the incisors and the canines are useful tools in sex determination. The data obtained can be useful in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery

Manifestations cliniques et traitements des diastemes chez les personnes adultes à l'hopital national Donka / Clinical manifestations and treatments of diastemas among people adults at hospital national Donka

Le diastème du grec diastèmà (interstice) se définit comme étant l'existence d'espace entre les dents d'une même arcade. Les objectifs de l'étude étaient de déterminer le profil épidémiologique des diastèmes; décrire les formes cliniques rencontrées, assurer une prise en charge. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective de type descriptif effectuée à l'hôpital national Donka, elle avait duré sept mois, allant du 1er Mars au 30 septembre 2019. RÉSULTATS: Le sexe féminin prédominait avec 77,7% contre 22,2 % de sexe masculin, donnant un ratio (f/h) = 3,5. La tranche d'âge de 21-23 ans (tout sexe confondu) était la plus représentée avec un pourcentage de 44,4%. La tonicité du frein labial médian avec 29,62% était l'étiologie principale du diastème inter incisif. Le diastème était plus fréquent au maxillaire avec des valeurs respectives de 33,33% de diastème des dents du bloc incisivo canin et 29,62% de diastème inter incisif soit au total 62,96 %. Le traitement fut chirurgical, orthodontique et prothétique. CONCLUSION:Le diastème reste l'une des anomalies orthodontiques fréquente dans nos pays. Considéré par certains comme un excès de place sur l'arcade dentaire, il est cependant apprécié par d'autres, surtout en Afrique de l'ouest où il est souvent considéré par la population comme signe de chance, de beauté, d'où son impact socio-culturel.

Adjunctive orthodontic management of a missing upper right central incisor in a 12-year-old male using a fixed orthodontic appliance

This article presents a successful orthodontic management of a 12-year-old male using a fixed orthodontic appliance (straight wire technique). His orthodontic treatment was hinged on creating enough space to accept an artificial tooth, correcting the horizontal and vertical relationships of the upper incisors to the lower and the midline shift. Ultimately, an esthetic smile was achieved; function and self-esteem were improved when the artificial tooth was finally fixed.

Fistules cutanées d'origine dentaire

Les fistules cutanées des dents et des maxillaires sont une des complications majeures de l'infection. La localisation dépend d'éléments anatomiques comme le rapport relatif des lésions avec les tables osseuses, le tissu cellulaire et les plans musculoaponévrotiques. Les étiologies correspondantes sont nombreuses avec dans un ordre croissant d'importance les dents nécrosées ou un échec de traitement canalaire, les parodontolyses, les inclusions et les nécroses osseuses. Le diagnostic différentiel est conséquent, les erreurs sont courantes! Elles se soldent par des échecs de traitement qui peuvent être délétères pour les tissus. D'où l'intérêt de bien conduire l'examen clinique afin de poser un diagnostic précis permettant de réaliser un traitement étiologique approprié et rapide

Tooth size discrepancy in different malocclusion groups in Libya: a pilot study

Background: Orthodontists need to evaluate intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (TSD) prior to initiating treatment in order to achieve a stable treatment. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of TSD in Libyan subjects among different malocclusion groups. Methods: A sample of 60 dental casts of Libyan subjects with different types of malocclusions (Class I, Class II div 1 and Class III) were included in the study. Each malocclusion group (20 dental casts) included equal numbers of males and females, 12-17 years of age. Mesio-Distal tooth measurements were extracted to compute the anterior and overall TSD ratios. Paired Student t-test was used to detect significant discrepancies between the paired teeth measurements. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Honestly tests were undertaken to detect significant discrepancies among the malocclusion groups. Results: Paired t-test revealed that there were no significant discrepancies between the paired tooth widths except for the upper first molars, upper first premolars, lower lateral incisors and lower canines (P<0.010). ANOVA found no significant differences in the mean anterior TSD ratio in regard to malocclusion groups. However, a significant disparity was noticed in the mean overall TSD ratio among the different malocclusion categories (P<0.04). Conclusion: Statistically significant TSD between the examined malocclusion groups were observed only in the mean overall TSD ratio

Survey of the Reasons for Dental Extraction in Eastern Nigeria

Background: Extraction of teeth is the commonest surgical procedure carried out in the dental surgery setting. Aim: The purpose of this survey was to identify the causes of teeth extraction in Eastern Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: Record forms for entering data and a self-addressed return envelope were distributed to 100 dental surgeons in Eastern Nigeria using a simple random selection. Results: Seventy-one (71; 71/100) dentists responded to the request and the total extractions carried out were 3998. There were 1508 (37.7) extractions in males and 2490 (62.3) in females with male-to-female extraction ratio of 1:1.7. In both male and female gender; there were more teeth extractions between the ages of 11 and 30 years. Extractions were recorded more in the lower social class (47.6;1903/3998). There were more extractions in the permanent (85.0; 3398/3998) than deciduous (15.0; 600/3998). The commonest reasons for teeth extraction were caries (55.2; 2208/3998). Conclusion: The result of this study shows that dental caries is the commonest reason for tooth extraction in Eastern Nigeria. It is hoped that the study will facilitate the development of treatment and preventive procedures relevant to the problems observed in this part of Nigeria; thus minimizing the loss of teeth and its expected adverse consequences

Evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of a posterior resin composite in posterior adult teeth

Objective: To evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite used in adult posterior restorations Materials and Methods: A micro-hybrid; light curing resin composite Unolux BCS Composite Restorative; (UnoDent; England) was used to restore 74 carious classes I and II cavities on posterior teeth of 62 adult patients. The restorations were evaluated immediately following placement (Baseline); at 1 week; 3months; 6months and 12months using the United States Public Health Service Criteria/Modified Ryge criteria for direct evaluation. Color matching; marginal stains and adaptation; wear and surface texture were evaluated. Ranging from best to the worst; the ratings were; Alfa; Bravo and Charlie. Results: 58 restorations were available for review at the 12 th month evaluation; 15 patients bearing 21.6of the restorations were lost to recall. Colour match scores were 89.6Alpha at baseline and 74.1at 12-month review. Marginal staining were 100Alpha at baseline and 98.3Alpha at the end of the evaluation period. Marginal adaptation at baseline was 100Alpha this value dropped to 94.8by the 12th month. Anatomical wear scores were 100Alpha at baseline and scores dropped to 93.1at the 12-month evaluation. At baseline; Alpha scores for Surface texture were 100. A drop in Alpha scores to 93.1at the first week review was maintained till the 12 month. Conclusion: Carefully controlled placement of micro-hybrid resin composite using the total etch and type 2 (one-bottle) adhesive can produce satisfactory posterior restorations on permanent teeth

Delayed Exfoliation of Primary Teeth Due to Second Pathoses: Case Series Study

The delayed exfoliation of primary teeth among children is a common and frequent dental problem whose most sited cause is misalignment of the crown of the successional permanent tooth with the root apex of the primary tooth. Treatment is often extraction of the over retained primary teeth and reassurance of the guardian that the normal tongue movements will push the misaligned permanent successional teeth into line in cases of mild misalignment or orthodontic treatment in severe cases of misalignment. However; meticulous history taking and careful clinical oral examination may yield an underlying pathosis as the three cases in this study illustrate. Underlying second pathoses may exert local and systemic effects on the normal exfoliative mechanism resulting in over retention of primary teeth despite proper alignment of the crown of the permanent successional tooth with the root apex of the primary tooth

Coronal tissue loss of endodontically treated permanent teeth of patients seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Objectives: The study was done to determine the extent of coronal tissue loss of endodontically treated teeth. Results: 176 teeth of 168 patients that completed endodontic treatment to obturation stage were evaluated for coronal tissue loss. The teeth included fifty-five anterior teeth (31.3); seventy-three premolars (41.5) and forty-eight molars (27.3). Majority (43.2) of the root filled teeth evaluated for coronal damage had minimal coronal tissue damage; followed by teeth with significant tissue damage (33.5); and lastly; teeth with moderate tissue damage (23.3).Conclusions: The result of this study revealed that most endodontically treated teeth had minimal coronal tissue loss and therefore can be managed with conservative restorative treatment options

Mesiodens : review of literature and management options of two cases

Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth present in the midline between the two central incisors. It usually results in oral problems such as malocclusion; food impaction; poor aesthetics and cyst formation. In our environment; literature is scarce on the presentation and effects of this anomaly. This paper reviews the available literature from other places and reports two cases of mesiodens with different presentations in two young patients. Both cases presented with aesthetic and functional complaints. The differences in number; effects and management options are discussed. Early diagnosis and treatment is suggested; especially in children and adolescents to prevent further orthodontic and pathologic complications

Mortality trends of deciduous and permanent teeth in a suburban Nigerian population

A prospective study was undertaken at the children's clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital; Ile-Ife; to determine the pattern of tooth loss among 623 suburban Nigerian children. The range of the children was between one and a half to 15 years with a mean and standard deviation of 9.9 and 3.7 years respectively. Most of the teeth were lost in the permanent dentition and mixed dentition stages with 43.2 and 42.7 per cent respectively. There was no statistical significant difference in both sexes of various age group. Dental caries and necrotising ulcerative gingivitis were the most common causes of tooth mortality