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1.
Ann. afr. méd. (En ligne) ; 13(4): 3861-3866, 2020. tab
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1259098

ABSTRACT

Contexte et objectif. L'ampleur réelle des néphropathies congénitales est peu connue en Afrique et notamment en Guinée. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence des néphropathies congénitales rencontrées. Méthodes. Cette étude documentaire de type descriptif sur la néphropathie congénitale, a été conduite entre les 1er janvier 2007 et 30 juin 2012, dans les services de pédiatrie et de chirurgie pédiatrique de Donka. Les paramètres d'intêret englobaient les données épidémiologiques, cliniques et paracliniques. Résultats. Parmi les 34.448 dossiers colligés, 26 présentaient une néphropathie congénitale. Il s'agissait des néphroblastomes (n=17), des syndromes de jonction pyélo-urétérale (n=6), d'une hydronéphrose sur rein multikystique gauche (n=1), d'un rein multikystique en ptose (n=1) et d'une ectopie rénale (n=1). Le sexe masculin était prépondérant (21/26) avec un sexe ratio de 4,2/1. Les enfants de 29 jours à 2 ans étaient les plus touchés. Conclusion. Les néphropathies congénitales sont paraissent moins fréquentes dans cette institution hospitalière, à cause du manque d'un plateau technique diagnostique optimal. Le diagnostic précoce des néphropathies congénitales devrait être fait dans la période prénatale ce qui permettrait une meilleure prise en charge des enfants affectés


Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers , Guinea , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney , Wilms Tumor
2.
Carcinologie Pratique en Afrique ; 16(1): 9-12, 2018. ilus
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1260272

ABSTRACT

Le néphroblastome est le deuxième cancer de l'enfant à Brazzaville. Nous avons mené cette étude afin d'en dégager les principales caractéristiques et les difficultés de leur prise en charge à Brazzaville au Congo.Il s'était agi d'une étude descriptive transversale sur une période de six ans (2008-2013). Nous avions ainsi colligé les patients atteints de néphroblastome dont nous avons décrits les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques. Durant la période d'étude, 52 enfants, âgés de 0 à 14 ans avaient été colligés, dont 14 pour néphroblastome. Nous avions constaté une prédominance féminine et l'âge moyen au diagnostic était de 50,6 mois. La masse abdominale était la principale circonstance de découverte. Un cas de néphroblastome bilatéral avait été retrouvé. La survie globale à 6 mois, était de d'environ 65 %


Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers , Congo , Disease Management , Genes, Wilms Tumor , Wilms Tumor/diagnosis , Wilms Tumor/epidemiology , Wilms Tumor/therapy
3.
S. Afr. j. clin. nutr. (Online) ; 31(4): 74-77, 2018.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1270565

ABSTRACT

Background: Assessment of nutritional status of paediatric oncology patients is crucial, as it may influence treatment and clinical outcomes. Concurrent malnutrition and cancer in children may lead to reduced chemotherapy delivery due to impaired tolerance and increased toxicity.Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the prevalence, frequency and duration of treatment-related neutropenia in a cohort of South African children with nephroblastoma.Methods: Seventy-seven children between the ages of 1 and 12 years diagnosed with nephroblastoma at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH), Durban, between 2004 and 2012, were studied prospectively. Nutritional status was assessed using weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT) and serum albumin. The administration of filgastrim (Neupogen®) was used as a surrogate for neutropenia and the frequency and duration of its use was recorded.Results: There was a significant relationship between the prevalence of treatment-induced neutropenia and malnutrition defined by MUAC. The mean frequency and duration of neutropenia was significantly higher in those classified as malnourished using MUAC. There was a positive correlation between frequency and duration of neutropenia.Conclusions: Malnutrition was prevalent among children with nephroblastoma. The prevalence of treatment-induced neutropenia was higher in those with poor nutritional status, identified by MUAC. Poor nutritional status according to MUAC was also linked to an increased frequency and duration of neutropenia. It is important to include MUAC in the nutritional assessment of children with nephroblastoma


Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Neutropenia , South Africa , Therapeutics , Wilms Tumor
4.
S. Afr. j. child health (Online) ; 8(4): 128-132, 2014.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1270439

ABSTRACT

Background. Nephroblastoma is one of the most common childhood malignancies in Africa; but with a survival rate significantly lower than in developed countries. In African countries with a small gross domestic product (GDP) per capita; the cost of treating nephroblastoma may be prohibitive. Objectives. To determine the direct costs of treatment of nephroblastoma in South Africa (SA) and to propose a more cost-effective approach to investigations and treatment for the disease in Africa. Methods. Data from 2000 - 2010 from two SA paediatric oncology units were retrospectively analysed. The costs included investigations; chemotherapy and radiotherapy; comparing early-v. advanced-stage disease. In both units; the nephroblastoma International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) protocol was used. Results. Stage I disease was the most common; followed by stage IV. The total cost of diagnosis; staging and treatment of stage I disease was ZAR9 304.97 (EUR882.80 or USD1 093.40); compared with a five-times higher cost for stage IV (ZAR48 293.62 (EUR4 581.9 or USD5 674.9)). Treating one patient averted more than 32 disability adjusted life years. The investigation and treatment of early- and advanced-stage disease is very cost-effective when compared with the local GDP per capita. Conclusion. The cost of investigation and treatment of nephroblastoma remains a challenge everywhere; but especially in Africa. However; it is a very cost-effective disease to treat and children in Africa should not be denied treatment


Subject(s)
Cost of Illness , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Guideline , Neoplasm Staging , Wilms Tumor/therapy
5.
Afr. j. paediatri. surg. (Online) ; 8(1): 49-56, 2011. ilus
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1257540

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The challenge of management with bilateral Wilms' tumours is the eradication of the neoplasm; while at the same time preserving renal function. Surgical management with a variety of nephron-sparing techniques; combined with chemotherapy and occasionally supplemented by transplantation has evolved over the last 30 years to achieve remarkable success. We document the experience of a single centre in a developing country. Material and Methods: Twenty-three bilateral Wilms' tumours were seen in our service between 1981 and 2007. Treatment was; in most cases; according to National Wilms' Tumour Study Group protocols; with initial bilateral biopsy; neoadjuvant chemotherapy; and tumourectomy. Technique of nephrectomy included full mobilization of the tumour-involved kidney; topical cooling with slush ice; vascular exclusion; tumour resection and reconstruction of the remnant kidney. Results: Twelve patients are alive and free of disease one to 15 years after treatment; all with well-preserved renal function (lowest glomerular filtration rate was 65 ml/min per (1.73 m 2 ). None of the survivors have hypertension. Eleven have died (two of unrelated disease) including six of the seven with spread outside the kidney. All three with unfavourable histology are alive. Four of the five metachronous presentations are alive; as are eight of 12 patients with synchronous bilateral tumours who presented since 2000. Conclusions: Appropriate chemotherapy and nephron-sparing surgery can achieve good results with preservation of adequate renal function in nearly all cases. Unfavourable histology did not have a reduced survival in our series. Metastatic spread outside the kidney had a poor prognosis


Subject(s)
Nephrons , Organ Preservation , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Wilms Tumor/surgery , Wilms Tumor/therapy
6.
Afr. j. urol. (Online) ; 17(4): 153-156, 2011.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1258116

ABSTRACT

Objectifs: A partir d'une etude retrospective transversale; les auteurs rapportent 34 cas de cancer du rein histologiquement confirmes chez l'enfant de moins de 16 ans; observes dans les services d'Anatomie Pathologique des centres hospitaliers et universitaires d'Abidjan (Republique de Cote d'Ivoire) au cours de la periode allant de janvier 1984 a decembre 2007e. Patients et methodes: Le materiel d'etude etait constitue de piece de nephrectomie. Apres fixation dans le formol a 10; les prelevements ont ete inclus en paraffine et colore a l'hemateine eosine. Resultats: Le cancer du rein de l'enfant representait 0.28de l'ensemble des cancers. Il y avait 18 garcons (52.94) et 16 filles (47.06). L'age moyen etait de 4.88 ans. Au plan histologique nous avons observe 31 cas de nephroblastome (91.18); 2 cas de lymphome de Burkitt (5.88) et 1 cas de carcinome a cellule renale (2.94). Conclusion: Les cancers solides du rein de l'enfant sont domines par le nephroblastome


Subject(s)
Child , Kidney Neoplasms , Wilms Tumor
7.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1260308

ABSTRACT

Le nephroblastome apparait comme un des cancers solides pediatriques les plus frequents au Mali et en Afrique. Nous avons voulu ajouter a la litterature africaine notre experience dans sa prise en charge. Ont ete inclus dans l'etude les enfants ages au plus de 15 ans; atteints de nephroblastome non anterieurement traite par chimiotherapie et VIH negatif. L'etude s'est deroulee du 1er janvier 2005 au 31 mars 2007. Les patients ont ete traites selon le protocole Neprho GFA 2005 recommande par le Groupe Franco-africain; inspire de celui du SIOP 2001. Nous avons ainsi traite 25 patients (56u de filles et 44de garcons). L'age moyen etait de 3 ans et 9 mois. Deux motifs de consultations ont domine : une masse abdominale et l'alteration de l'etat general. La maladie metastique etait presente dans 40des cas et nous avons enregistre une survie globale de 44


Subject(s)
Pediatrics , Wilms Tumor
8.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1257514

ABSTRACT

Background: The increased prevalence of hitherto uncommon tumours in children in our geographic setting formed the basis for this study. This study aimed to determine the current histopathologic distribution pattern of paediatric malignancies in Zaria. Materials and Methods : An eight year (2000-2007) consecutive analysis of malignant tumours in children ages 0 to 15 years in a referral University laboratory. All tissue biopsies were fixed in 10formalin and processed in wax. Tumours were characterised histologically into tissues of origin and categorised into three age groups; 1 year; 1-5 years and 6-15 years. Result : 189 children with malignant tumours were analysed. They showed a male preponderance (M: F; 1.2: 1.0) and their ages ranged from 5 days to 15 years. Tumours of mesenchymal origin were the commonest (115: 60.8) while epithelial tumours including germ cell tumours accounted for 74 (39.2) cases. The age group 1-5 years had the highest epithelial tumours while age group 6-15 years had the most tumours with 102 (54) cases overall. The five commonest tumours over-all were rhabdomyosarcoma; Burkitt lymphoma; retinoblastoma; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and nephroblastoma. Germ cell tumours affected the ovary predominantly and two of the endodermal sinus tumour cases were seen in the testis of an eighteen month child and sacrococcygeum of a 5 year old girl; respectively. Of the six immature teratoma cases; four were cutaneous in distribution. The vascular tumours included epithelioid haemangioendothelioma; haemangioblastoma and Dabska tumour and they accounted for (5.8) of all tumours seen. The commonest sites of occurrence of these tumours were the oculo-orbital; jaw; head and neck regions with 82 cases (43.4) while lymph nodes were involved in 31 (16.4) cases. Conclusion : The distribution and occurrence of malignant tumours in children is age related. Lymphomas were the commonest tumours overall while retinoblastoma and Burkitt lymphoma were the commonest tumours affecting children below 5 years and 6-10 years old; respectively; in our centre. The head region and lymph nodes were the sites of predilection for majority of these tumours


Subject(s)
Burkitt Lymphoma , Child , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Nigeria , Pediatrics , Rhabdomyosarcoma , Wilms Tumor
12.
Médecine Tropicale ; 67(5): 497-504,
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1266792

ABSTRACT

Les cancers de l'enfant sont actuellement gueris dans 75des cas; dans les pays developpes. Dans les pays en developpement; les resultats sont beaucoup moins bons. Le Groupe Franco-Africain d'Oncologie Pediatrique (GFAOP) s'est constitue en 2000 avec pour objectif de redresser cette situation defavorable enAfrique. Les actions duGFAOP comprennent; d'une part la formation des medecins et des infirmieres avant tout par des stages en France et au Maroc; d'autre part des essais de traitement par des protocoles adaptes des lymphomes de Burkitt et des nephroblastomes dans douze unites pilotes situees enAfrique du Nord;Afrique de l'Ouest et a Madagascar. Dans une premiere etude 2001-2005; 61des lymphomes de Burkitt ont gueri. Une seconde etude a commence en 2005 avec un traitement a base d'Endoxan seul. Pour les nephroblastomes; le taux de guerison; 73; est tres satisfaisant. Plus de 1000 cas de nephroblastome et de lymphome de Burkitt ont deja ete traites dans ces conditions de 2001 a 2007; tous enAfrique; dans les hopitaux africains; par desmedecins et des infirmieres africains. Ces resultats encourageants permettent de conclure a la faisabilite du traitement des cancers de l'enfant en Afrique; grace a des traitementsmodernes; adaptes de protocoles utilises dans les pays developpes. Le laboratoire Sanofi-Aventis; associe a l'Union Internationale Contre le Cancer; a lance une grande entreprise d'aide a l'Oncologie Pediatrique dans les pays en voie de developpement.Quatre projets d'unites du GFAOP sont ainsi finances. Le GFAOP a lance en 2006 deux nouveaux protocoles : le traitement des leucemies aigues lymphoblastiques et celui de lamaladie de Hodgkin. Deux autres projets sont en preparation : le traitement des retinoblastomes et celui de certaines tumeurs cerebrales


Subject(s)
Burkitt Lymphoma , Child , Neoplasms , Wilms Tumor
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