ABSTRACT
Introduction: Yellow fever (YF) is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes; while hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne disease that is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Both diseases have very close clinical presentation; namely fever; jaundice; malaise; and dark urine; they differ in severity and outcome.Methodology: In this cross-sectional; laboratory-based study; an attempt was made to measure the correlation of concomitant YF and HEV infection in Darfur States during the previous YF outbreak in 2012.Results: Results found concomitant outbreaks of YF and HEV at the same time with very weak statistical correlation between the two infections during the outbreak period; with Cramer's V correlation 0.05 and insignificant p value of 0.86.Conclusions: This correlation indicates that clinicians and care providers in tropical areas have to deal with clinical case definitions used for disease surveillance very carefully since prevalence of HEV infection is relatively common and this increases the possibility of misclassification and missing YF cases; particularly initial index cases; in a season or outbreak
Subject(s)
Aedes , Disease , Disease Outbreaks , Hepatitis E/virology , Yellow FeverABSTRACT
Abstract Aim of study. To describe the emergence of dengue 3 virus in Côte d'Ivoire during a yellow fever outbreak which occurred in 2008. Materials and methods. Sera from suspected cases of yellow fever as well as contacts of yellow fever confirmed cases and imported dengue fever cases were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antiyellow fever virus and anti-dengue virus (for IgM antibodies to yellow fever and dengue viruses) and by a specific real time RT-PCR (Bio-Rad) for yellow fever virus and dengue virus viral RNA detection. Results. Of the 511 sera from suspected cases of yellow fever tested, 21 (4.1%) were confirmed positive for yellow fever virus antibody, while 33 (7.6%) of the 432 sera tested were positive for dengue virus antibody. Thirteen viremic subjects, one for yellow fever virus and 12 for dengue 3 virus, were detected by RT-PCR. The majority of the confirmed cases of yellow fever (85%) and dengue 3 fever (93%)were adults, and resided in the city of Abidjan and its regions. Conclusion. These results indicate the existence of transmission foci of these arboviruses diseases in CËote d'Ivoire and the essential contribution of molecular tests for their diagnosis
Subject(s)
Arboviruses , Cote d'Ivoire , Disease Outbreaks , Severe Dengue , Yellow FeverABSTRACT
Yellow fever is a non-contagious viral haemorrhagic fever with an estimated 200 000 cases annually and a high fatality rate. Yellow fever vaccination is one of the main methods of primary prevention. Although yellow fever vaccines are largely considered to be safe adverse events which are sometimes life threatening can occur. This article reviews the safety and the tolerability of yellow fever vaccines
Subject(s)
Primary Prevention , Safety/mortality , Vaccination , Yellow FeverABSTRACT
Background : Nigeria is in the process of strengthening yellow fever case-based surveillance with the collection of serum samples among suspected case patients. Objective: A training conducted for surveillance officers in the local government areas (LGAs) of Osun State on yellow fever case-based surveillance was assessed to determine its immediate impact on the knowledge of participants. Methods: The training focused mainly on how to detect and report a suspected case of yellow fever to the national authorities and the reference laboratory. Training materials included the World Health Organization district guidelines for yellow fever surveillance. A pre and post test was used to evaluate the immediate impact of the training on knowledge among participants. Results: A total of 31 officers participated. The mean scores for pre and post tests were 7.1 (SD 3.6) and 20.7 (SD 3.4) out of a total of 30 points respectively. More than 80of participants rated the training as excellent in overall organization. Conclusion: All participants indicated that they were very confident to fully implement yellow fever surveillance in their LGAs
Subject(s)
Health Education , Population Surveillance , Professional Competence , Yellow FeverABSTRACT
Arthropod-borne viral diseases; better known as arbovirus diseases; are more common than we think and are often misdiagnosed or not diagnosed at all. More than 100 arboviruses causing human disease have been recognised worldwide. This presentation will provide a review of some of the arboviruses occurring in Southern Africa; and also some of the common diseases seen in travellers returning home from other African and overseas destinations. The clinical syndromes vary extensively; with signs and symptoms ranging from acute benign fevers of short duration to the very dramatic viral haemorrhagic fevers. The reservoirs and vectors of most viruses are well described; but even after years of extensive research there are still a few that remain elusive and pose great challenges for future study
Subject(s)
Arboviruses , Rift Valley Fever , West Nile Fever , Yellow FeverABSTRACT
In May 2003; an outbreak of fatal hemorrhagic fever; caused by yellow fever virus; occurred in southern Sudan. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus belonged to the East African genotype; which supports the contention that yellow fever is endemic in East Africa with the potential to cause large outbreaks in humans. number of the residents moved back to the Imatong region. During April and May 2003 suspected cases of hemorrhagic illness were reported; and blood samples collected from Sarianga; Itohom; enyleny; Tarafafa; Lofi; and Locomo villages were tested at the Kenya Medical Research
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Yellow FeverABSTRACT
OBJECTIF : Notre etude avait pour objectif d'evaluer la campagne de masse contre la fievre jaune qui a lieu a Abidjan et ses banlieues (Anyama-Bingerville-Songon) du 21/09 au 02/10/2001.METHODE : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective a partir des donnees de la campagne.RESULTATS*La couverture vaccinale a ete de 91;33pour cent; tres satisfaisante.*Les MAPI rapportees ont ete tres peu en nombre (85 cas pour 2610944 vaccines) et benignes.*La securite vaccinale a ete tres bonne.*2605 personnes ont ete mobilisees dont 1.009 professionnels de la sante*Le cout global de la campagne a ete de 1.440.899.645 Fcfa.*Le cout de la vaccination anti-amarile a ete d'environ 522 Fcfa.CONCLUSION : Cette campagne de vaccination contre' la fievre jaune a ete la plus importante qu'a connu la Cote d'Ivoire tant par la population cible que sur le plan materiel et humain. Elle a permis de mettre en place des equipements qui pourront servir en appoint dans les campagnes a venir