Ameliorative Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on the Fetal Lung Tissue of Diabetic pregnant rats

Aim of the work- Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease not only affecting the individual, but also imposes adverse effects on the offsprings. Besides increasing congenital malformations, maternal diabetes is suggested to be associated with early pregnancy loss, altered sex ratio in the offspring and long-term postnatal diseases. Antidiabetic plants are used as supportive therapy in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy, so the present study aims to investigate the protective effect of olive leaf extract on the fetal lung of the diabetic pregnant rats

Material and methods - Forty pregnant albino rats were used and categorized after mating into four groups; group 1: control group[C], group 2: rats treated with olive leaf extract during the period of pregnancy [O] [1 ml/100gm. b .wt], group 3: streptozotocin induced diabetic rats [D][STZ 35 mg/kg b.wt], group 4: diabetic rats treated with olive leaf extract [D+O] [as in groups 2 and3]. The pregnant females of different groups were dissected during the 19[th] day of pregnancy. Lung samples of fetuses were taken for the histological and histochemical studies

Results- Histopathological and histochemical observations of fetal lung tissue showed that the olive leaf extract succeeded to minimize the drastic changes which were observed in the fetal lung of diabetic rats

Conclusion: It is recommended that the use of the olive leaf extract has the ability to minimize the adverse effects in the fetal lung tissue of diabetic rats

Performance of honey bee colonies fed some proteinaceous diet under isolated conditions

The investigation was carried out at Plant Protection Department, Collage of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University. The experiment was done using honey bee nuclei kept under isolated conditions and fed with five mixtures of proteinaceous diets. The rate of food consumption, ability of honey bee nuclei to rear brood and quality of produced honey bee were determined. The best consumption rate was recorded with diet 3 [Date past] followed by diet 4 [Feed Bee[R]], diet 2 [Mesquite] and diet 5 [Corn gluten], respectively. The sealed brood areas of honey bee nuclei were highly dependent on the contribution of suitable protein from food as well as on its quality. Bee bread is the best source of protein for honey bees. The mean number of sealed brood cells under natural condition was 1066 cells / nucleus after 42 days. It differed significantly with all areas in the colonies fed different proteinaceous diets. The diet 4 [Feed Bee®] was the best one among the tested diets [174.7 cells / nucleus] followed by diet 3 [Mesquite, 111 cells / nucleus]. The poorest result was recorded for diet 5 [Corn gluten, 39 cells / nucleus]. The fresh weight, dry matter and protein content of full grown larvae and newly emerged honey bee workers were determined. All parameters under artificial feeding were less than those produced under control condition [bee bread]. The best results were obtained with feeding honey bee with Feed Bee® followed by diet 2 [Mesquite]. Total soluble solids percentage [T.S.S.%] and total haemolymph count [T.H.C.] were varied among different diets administrated. Also, the haemolymph protein percentages were reduced significantly with feeding on artificial diets. These results reflect the suitability of used diets to honey bees. The artificial diets depend on the Date past and Mesquite pods flowers were more favorable than traditional pollen substitute based on soybean meal

Two new bioactive salsolanol and biphenylsalsinol from the aerial parts of Salsola villosa Delile. ex Schul. (Chenopodiaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia

Objective: To isolate and characterize the bioactive secondary metabolites from aerial parts of widespread Chenopodiaceae taxa growing in Saudi Arabia: Salsola villosa Delile. ex Schul. Methods: Antibacterial activities of chloroformic extract, fractions and isolate compounds was evaluated against five bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis), using a paper disc diffusion method. The purification of compound(s) of chloroform extract was done by chromatographic column of silica gel. The structure elucidation was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence and nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy) and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy analysis. Results: Bioactivity guided fractionation of the chloroformic extract led to the isolation of two bioactive compounds: 4-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylcyclopent-2'-enyloxy)- 4-methylcyclopent-2-enol (1) named salsolanol and 4'-[3-(hydroxymethyl)oxiran-2-yl]-3- [(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-6, 2'-dimethoxy [1, 1'-biphenyl]-2-ol (2) named biphenylsalsinol. The antibacterial effects of the chloroform extracts, fractions and isolated compounds 1 and 2 were also evaluated in this work. Results showed that the compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activities against four strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with diameter of zone of inhibition ranging between (9.33 ± 0.94) to (26.33 ± 0.94) mm. Conclusions: Based on data presented here, two new natural compounds secondary cyclic alcohol 1 and biphenylpropanoid 2 isolated from bioactive chloroformic extract from aerial parts of Salsola villosa can be responsible for its antibacterial activities.

use of laryngeal mask airway during transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric patients

Transesophageal echocardiography [TEE] in the cardiac lab is usually performed in pediatric patients under general anesthesia with an endotracheal intubation [ET]. This study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of using the laryngeal mask airway [LMA] as an alternative to ET to maintain pediatric airway during the general anesthesia for TEE. A total of 50 pediatric patients undergoing TEE in the cardiac lab were randomized to have their airway maintained during the procedure with either LMA [LMA group] or ET [ET group]. Hemodynamic, respiratory parameters, time to extubation, recovery time, the incidence of complication and operator satisfaction were compared between the two groups. There were no differences between both groups in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters. Laryngeal spasm was reported in one patient in the LMA group and two patients in the ET group. TEE operators were equally satisfied with the procedure in groups. The time to extubation was shorter in the LMA group [P < 0.01]. The mean recovery time was also significantly shorter in the LMA than in the ET group [44 +/- 8 min and 59 +/- 11 min, respectively; P < 0.001]. The LMA is safe and effective in securing the airway of children undergoing diagnostic TEE

Three decades of anesthesiology research at King Fahd Hospital of the university: bibliometric analysis of volume and visibility

Context: The quantity and quality of publications by an institution is an indicator of its contribution towards the development of science

Aims: to examine the volume and visibility of publications by the anesthesia department of King Fahd Hospital of the University [KFHU], Dammam, Saudi Arabia, in the last 30 years

Settings and Design: Publications by members of the anesthesia department in the last three decades were retrieved from the databases of PubMed and Scopus

Materials and Methods: For each article retrieved, the journal and time of publication, the type of the article and the authors were analyzed. The visibility of KFHU publications in leading anesthesia journals is related to the number of citations each article received. Since websites publish only citation reports for the years 1999 to 2011, we analyzed visibility for the years 1998 to 2008. The visibility was compared to the general Saudi anesthesia publications and those of some other Arab countries. It was also related to global indices

Statistical Analysis Used: Two visibility indices were used in the present study. The first relates the average citations per articles in the years following publication to the average global citations per anesthesia articles. The second relates the average citations per article in the 3 years following publication to the impact of the journal of publication. The h-index was used as a measure of both volume and visibility

Results: Anesthesiologists from KFHU published 151 documents in the years 1983-2013, with a marked increase in the last 6 years. The articles published from the year 1998-2008 received citations similar to the journals where it was published with visibility index of one. The average citations per article were 11.75 which are close to the global anesthesia citations per article [12.2]

Conclusions: KFHU anesthesia publications have increased recently. Its impact and visibility are similar to global indices

Simultaneous antegrade dual AV node conduction initiates AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia [a rare initiation mechanism]

Typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia [AVNRT] is the most common paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia among adults. The concept of dual pathway physiology remains widely accepted, although this physiology likely results from the functional properties of anisotropic tissue within the triangle of Koch, rather than anatomically distinct tracts of conduction. AVNRT is typically induced with anterograde block over the fast pathway and conduction over the slow pathway, with subsequent retrograde conduction over the fast pathway. On rare occasions, anterograde AV node conduction occurs simultaneously through fast and slow pathways resulting in two ventricular beats in response to one atrial beat. We report a case of AVNRT where the tachycardia is always induced by the same mechanism described above. Successful ablation was achieved by slow pathway modification

Pediatric burns in Western Saudi Arabia

To conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the demographical, etiological, clinical pattern, and the outcome of pediatric burn injuries. A cross-sectional study of 459 pediatric burn patients admitted to Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia from January 2008 to December 2010 were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. The mean age was 5.97, and the male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The most common cause was scalding [81.7%]. Approximately 92.8% of patients had burn injuries involving 25% of the total body surface area, or less. The mean hospital stay was 9.51 days. Approximately 92% of patients were treated conservatively. Toddlers are at high risk of having scald burns. We also noted the number of admissions is increasing every year. Therefore, an effective scientific-based prevention program is required

Management of appendiceal abscess. a 10-year experience in central Saudi Arabia

To study the outcome of patients with appendiceal abscess [AA] following immediate operative and non-operative management in terms of complications and hospital stay. Medical records of all adult patients treated for AA between July 2002 and June 2011 in the Department of Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were reviewed. We identified 2 main groups of patients with the diagnosis of AA. The first group of patients were managed by CT-guided percutaneous drainage and parenteral antibiotics [non-operative management [NOM group]]. The second group were patients who underwent surgical intervention [operative management [OM]]. The outcome was determined in terms of complications, recurrence rate, and hospital stay. Eighty AA patients were managed during the study period. Forty-two patients [52.5%] received NOM, while 38 patients [47.5%] underwent immediate OM. The complication rate was significantly higher in the OM group compared with the NOM group [44.7% versus 11.9%; p=0.0012]. Successful NOM was achieved in 92.8% of patients. The overall mean hospital stay of the NOM group was 8.54 +/- 2.25, and the OM group was 10.86 +/- 4.32 days [p=0.003]. Non-operative management is associated with significantly lower complication rate and shorter hospital stay than OM

effect of body mass index on the outcome of pregnancy in women with recurrent miscarriage

Maternal obesity is associated with menstrual disorders, infertility and sporadic- miscarriages. Recurrent miscarriage [RM] affects at least 1% of couples trying to conceive. In over 50% of cases, the cause of the loss of pregnancy remains unexplained. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal Body Mass Index [BMI] and future outcomes of pregnancy in couples with "unexplained" RM. All couples referred to the specialist recurrent miscarriage clinic at St. Mary's Hospital, London, were investigated for an underlying cause. Those I with unexplained RM were eligible. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from a computerized

Recurrent hydatidiform mole: a case report of six consecutive molar pregnancies complicated by choriocarcinoma, and review of the literature

Hydatidiform mole [HM] is the most common form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Recurrence of HM is extremely rare. Here, we report the case of a patient with six consecutive partial HMs without normal pregnancy. A 42-year-old lady who was referred to us at King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, initially as a case of 26-year-old with persistent trophoblastic disease after three recurrent molar pregnancies that were confirmed histologically in the referring hospital. She underwent evacuation and curettage and was followed up by serial beta -human chorionic gonadotropin levels, and did not require chemotherapy. She then had three more molar pregnancies in 1995, 1996, and 2004; all molar pregnancies were evacuated by suction curettage at her base hospital, but in the last event, she complained of shortness of breath and abdominal pain. Diagnostic workup in our hospital confirmed choriocarcinoma, for which she received multiple regimen chemotherapy and was cured. Unfortunately, she lately presented with symptoms suggestive of premature menopause

sealing cuff pressure, easy, reliable and safe technique for endotracheal tube cuff inflation?: a comparative study

To compare the three common methods of endotracheal tube cuff inflation [sealing pressure, precise standard pressure or finger estimation] regarding the effective tracheal seal and the incidence of post-intubation airway complications. Seventy-five adult patients scheduled for N 2 O free general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. After induction of anesthesia, endotracheal tubes size 7.5 mm for female and 8.0 mm for male were used. Patients were randomly assigned into one of three groups. Control group [n=25], the cuff was inflated to a pressure of 25 cm H 2 O; sealing group [n=25], the cuff was inflated to prevent air leaks at airway pressure of 20 cm H 2 O and finger group [n=25], the cuff was inflated using finger estimation. Tracheal leaks, incidence of sore throat, hoarseness and dysphagia were tested. Although cuff pressure was significantly low in the sealing group compared to the control group [P<0.001], the incidence of sore throat was similar in both groups. On the other hand, cuff pressure as well as the incidence of sore throat were significantly higher in the finger group compared to both the control and the sealing group [P<0.001 and P=0.008]. The incidence of dysphagia and hoarseness were similar in the three groups. None of the patients in the three groups developed air leak around the endotracheal tube cuff. In N 2 O, free anesthesia sealing cuff pressure is an easy, undemanding and safe alternative to the standard technique, regarding effective sealing and low incidence of sore throat

Coronary sinus diverticulum as a cause of resistant posteroseptal pathway ablation

Coronary sinus [CS] anomalies such as diverticulum, persistent left superior vena cava or CS ostium dilatation are predominantly found in patients with accessory pathway-related tachycardias. Diverticulum of the proximal CS found in 7-11% of patients with postero-septal or left posterior manifests accessory pathways. We reported a 28 year old gentleman with manifested postero-septal accessory pathway, who underwent repeat electrophysiological study [EPS] and radiofrequency ablation for previously failed ablation. Huge CS diverticulum was identified by angiography as a reason for resistant accessory pathway. Successful RF ablation was achieved at the neck of the diverticulum without complications. Other associated anomalies were ruled out by cardiac computerized tomography [CT] and trans-esophageal echocardiography

importance of utilizing 24-h Holter monitoring as a non-invasive method of predicting the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia

Despite the emergence of advanced invasive technology in identifying the various types of arrhythmia mechanisms, 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring as a non-invasive method remains an invaluable informative tool in delineating such mechanisms. Furthermore, one observational study has supported the utilization of 24-h Holter monitoring in exploring AV Node [AVN] characteristics sufficiently in correlation with invasive studies when limited to patients without Wolf Parkinson White syndrome showing a positive predictive value of 98% in their supraventricular tachycardia [SVT] assessment [Fukuda et al., 2005]. We describe in this report suspected tachycardia initiation mechanism in three SVT cases based on 24-h Holter recordings. Premature atrial contraction with subsequent AVN fast pathway conduction block initiated the common type AVN re-entrant tachycardia [AVNRT]. Dual AVN physiology was documented during the electrophysiological studies in all three cases and a definitive therapy was achieved by the AVN slow pathway modification

Comparative study in midgut histolgical structure of queen and worker Yemeni honey bees apis mellifera jemenatica [hymenoptera: apidae] in pupae and adult stages under natural nutrition

The histological structures of the midgut [ventriculus] at the pupal and adult stages of queen and worker honey bees from the Yemeni honey were studied. The results of this study illustrate the amazing and complex structure of this insect. It is noteworthy that this research proves that queen honey bees differ from worker honey bees in terms of the developmental stages that they undergo at various times. Further, the midgut undergoes singular levels of development throughout various stages of metamorphosis. The pupal stage of the queen has been thoroughly studied, but that of the worker has only been studied on the first, fourth, and seventh days. However, the adult stage of the newlyemerged queen honey bees, newly-emerged worker honey bees, nurse worker honey bees, and forager worker honey bees all been studied. The results indicate that the tissues of the midgut, or ventriculus, during the pupal stage were reformed. The ventriculus revealed early development of the flections. It also revealed the presence of a group of prolonged epithelial cells and the absence of the peritrophic membrane. In addition, the cavity was almost empty of any components of food. However, during the adult stage, the tissues were distinguished in order to fit the bee's functions, and to accommodate the type of food. The midgut was composed of several regular flections which are comprised of the columnar cells, and muscles were characterized by the clear presence of a large number of regenerative cells. Therefore, the study found that the tissues of the queen honey bee, throughout various stages, were more advanced than that of the worker honey bee. Moreover, it was found that the kind of food that bee consumes has a clear impact on the structure of the midgut

Radiological changes in rheumatoid arthritis patients at a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia

The frequency of radiological changes of the hands and the feet were investigated in a well-defined hospital population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 57 patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis were randomly chosen from the rheumatology outpatient clinic at King AbdulAziz University Hospital. Erosions were seen in 60% of the patients and periarticular osteopenia in 34%; deformity and soft tissue swelling were present in 26% and 14% of patients respectively. The proportion with erosions is lower than data reported from Western European and North American populations but higher than previous data from the Central region of Saudi Arabia

Transient sinus node dysfunction with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology

We reported a case of a 72-year-old male, known diabetic on insulin, referred because of complete atrioventricular block. He was found to have acute hepatitis during which he developed transient atrial arrhythmia, and sinus node dysfunction. His cardiac symptoms disappeared completely after hepatitis improvement. All of his cardiac investigations were normal including electrocardiogram, echocardiography and thalium stress test. At 3 and 6 months follow up, his Holter monitoring did not show any further arrhythmia, and he denied any further episodes of palpitation or pre-syncope. We reviewed the literature regarding the relationship between hepatitis and atrial arrhythmia

Can Doppler sonography be used to diagnose neonatal cerebral infarction caused by portal vein thrombosis

Neonatal cerebral infarction is a serious and disabling condition. It is extremely rare if it occurs in association with portal vein thrombosis. We are reporting 2 cases of neonatal cerebral infarction with this etiology. The unique mechanism of cerebral infarction will be discussed. We propose that in the absence of any identifiable cause for the cerebral infarction, portal vein thrombosis should be considered and a Doppler sonography for the portal system is worth carrying out to confirm the diagnosis

Acute normovolemic hemodilution in sickle cell patient

Sickle cell disease patients with relatively high hemoglobin [>/= 12 g.dl] and those who have elevated alloimmunizations antibodies with rare phenotype subgroups, are problems challenging anesthesiologists. Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution [ANH] is rarely used in the perioperative management of homozygous sickle cell disease [SCD] in patients undergoing surgery. We hereby present a case in which ANH was used successfully. A 22 year old male patient with known homozygous sickle cell disease undergoing orthopedic surgery, underwent Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution [ANH] because of the absence of blood and suitable blood donors and high hemoglobin level. Just before establishing spinal anesthesia, a 400 ml blood was extracted from patient and then replaced by 6% Hydroxyethylstarch HES solution. The surgery was performed uneventfully under spinal analgesia. Patient was discharged 48 hours later. A week later, his follow up visit showed no complications and his lab work returned to basic levels. We recommend the ANH technique as an on hand tool in the perioperative anesthetic management of sickle cell disease patients who have high Hb S with relatively high Hb levels, and in those special patients who have no blood available because of high alloimmunization antibodies or rare phenotype blood groups

effect of etoricoxib premedication on postoperative analgesia requirement in orthopedic and trauma patients

We hypothesized that etoricoxib premedication would reduce the need for additional opioids following orthopedic trauma surgery. A double blind, controlled study, conducted in King Fahd University Hospital, King Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After obtaining the approval of the Research and Ethics Committee and written consent, 200 American Society of Anesthesiology grade I and II patients that underwent elective upper limb or lower limb fracture fixation surgeries during the period from August 2005 to October 2007 were studied. Patients were randomly premedicated using 120 mg of etoricoxib or placebo n=100, each. To alleviate postoperative pain, a patient controlled analgesia device was programmed to deliver one mg of morphine intravenously lockout time, 6 minutes. Visual analog scale and total postoperative morphine consumption over 24 hours and the adverse effects were recorded. One hundred patients in each group completed the study period. Etoricoxib premedication provides a statistically significant postoperative morphine sparing effect over 24 hours postoperatively. Total morphine consumption was 44.2 [8.2] in the placebo and 35.17.0mg in the etoricoxib groups p<0.001. The incidence of nausea and vomiting requiring treatment was lower in the etoricoxib group, p=0.014. The postoperative blood loss was similar in both groups. Etoricoxib is a suitable premedication before traumatic orthopedic surgery as it enhanced postoperative analgesia and reduced the need for morphine

Role of lipase in glucose and lipid metabolisms

To investigate the role of lipase in glucose and lipid metabolisms. A prospective study involving 52 diabetics [28 males and 24 females, mean age 47.67 +/- 15.63 years] and 118 normoglycemic controls [39 males and 79 females, mean age 38.91 +/- 16.61 years] was conducted, between February 1st and August 31st, 2006, at King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. After 10-12 hours fasting, blood was taken from subjects and controls for the determination of glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein [LDL]-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol, and lipase. The results were analyzed by student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and lipase were significantly more in the diabetics [p<0.05]. However, HDL-cholesterol was less in the diabetics than the controls, although the difference was not significant [p>0.05]. There were significant positive correlations between glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipase; while, significant negative correlations were obtained between LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and lipase. The higher concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol, as well as the lower HDL-cholesterol in the diabetics were typical and not unexpected, as diabetes mellitus is associated with disturbance of lipid metabolism. The lipase activity was elevated at increased concentrations of glucose and lipids. Hence, it was concluded that the pancreatic lipase was possibly involved in the metabolisms of both glucose and lipids. Lipolysis has been suggested as the link between the 2 processes