[Antimicrobial effect of some medicinal smoke, Iranian traditional medicine]

Background: Nowadays, science tries to find a way to control the pathogens in public place and health centers. The use of medicinal smokes is common in Iranian traditional medicine to improve air quality and purify air

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Herbal fume, contain frankincense, clove, sandalwood and camel grass against a variety of microorganisms

Methods: Herbal smoke include, sandalwood [Santalum album], camel grass [Cymbopogon schoenanthus], condor [Boswellia sacra] and clove [Syzygium aromaticum], against microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, was investigated

Results: Sandalwood and camel grass fumes could inhibit C. albicans completely both in 7 minutes and inhibit B. subtilis in turn in 9 minute and 11 minute. Also they could inhibit E. coli and S. aureus in turn in 10 and 9 minute. Frankincense and clove fume had no significant effects. Mixing two plants, sandalwood and camel grass in the ratio 1:1, will enhanced the antimicrobial effects of these smoke and the inhibition time come shorter

Conclusion: According to this research, Sandalwood and camel grass smoke have significant effect. Microbes and fungi showed great sensitivity against herbal fume and the smoke expressed the possibility of industrial usage. Further research is required to identify the chemical composition of these plant smokes

Tissue distribution of artemisinin in broiler chickens following single or multiple oral administration

Background: artemisinin is commonly used for the treatment of malaria, but recently has been considered as a potential substance to control poultry coccidiosis

Objectives: the aim of the present study was to determine the tissue distribution of artemisinin following single or multiple oral administration of different doses in broiler chickens

Methods: a total number of 390 one day old Ross broiler chicks were divided randomly into two main groups, in the first group 0, 1, 5, 25, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg artemisinin as a single oral dose was administered on day 44, but the second group were treated with 0, 17, 34, 68 or 136 ppm artemisinin from day 8 to day 44. The HPLC system was used to determine the level of artemisinin in different tissue samples. Data were assessed using one way analysis of variance [ANOVA] followed by the Tukey's test [p<0.05]

Results: maximum concentrations of artemisinin were found in the liver of chickens in both groups in a dose dependent manner. While, the minimum level was determined in the brain and the kidney of chickens received multiple artemisinin administration; in the spleen of those chickens a single oral dose was administered. The concentration of artemisinin in the brain reached a plateau at 68 ppm in multiple administrations and 125mg/kg at single dose, no shift was found with dose increment

Conclusions: it can be concluded that tissue accumulation of artemisinin is time and dose dependent. Moreover, redistribution, saturation effect and tissue selectivity were also observed

Anesthesia for tracheostomy for huge maxillofacial tumor

Providing sedation for patients with compromised upper airway is challenging. A 19-year-old female patient with huge maxillofacial tumor invading the whole pharynx scheduled for elective tracheostomy under local anesthesia due to compromised airway. The patient had gastrostomy tube for feeding. Venous cannulation was totally refused by the patient after repeated trials for exhausted sclerosed veins. Pre-operative mixture of dexmedetomidine with ketamine was administered through the gastrostomy tube with eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream application over the planned tracheostomy site. The patient was sedated with eye opening to command. Local infiltration followed by tracheostomy was performed without patient complaints or recall of operative events

[ level of differentiation and function of the enteric nervous system in the chicken embryo]

Any developmental disorder in enteric nervous system [ENS] may lead to congenital motility diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study aimed to examine the structural differentiation and functional activity of the ENS in the Chick embryo. Ten Chick embryos were sacrificed at embryonic day 19 and then, their jejunum and colon specimens were collected. The isolated rings of the intestine were prepared and their motor activity was tested in an organ bath system. The contraction of the tissues was recorded in basic condition and following the stimulation by cholinergic and adrenergic agonists as well as the stimulation of the non-adrenergic-non-cholinergic system by electrical field stimulation [EFS]. The structure of the intestinal specimen was assessed immuno- 1histochemically [IHC] using glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] biomarker. Spontaneous rhythmic contractions were seen in both jejunum and colon specimens. Cholinergic stimulations significantly increased the amplitude of contractions in jejunum [p<0.01] and colon [p<0.001] tissues. However, adrenergic stimulation decreased significantly the amplitude of contractions in isolated tissues prepared from the jejunum [p<0.05] and colon [p<0.001]. The EFS-induced decreases significantly the tension of isolated tissues pre-contracted with potassium chloride in both jejunum [p<0.001] and colon [p<0.001]. The results of IHC were showed a positive immunoreactivity of enteric nervous ganglia with GFAPbiomarker. It seems that the ENS in chick intestine is fully differentiated before birth and it can control the intestinal motility patterns in birds

Blood and tissue levels of diazinon in rabbit following a subacute dermal exposure to incremental doses

Uncontrolled application of diazinon [DZN] can cause environmental contamination and adverse health effects on humans or animals. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects and the level of DZN in serum and tissues of rabbits following a sub acute dermal exposure to toxicant. Different doses of DZN were applied daily to New Zealand rabbits through the ear skin in incremental doses for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of each dose-week period. Tissue samples were collected from brain, muscle, kidney and liver on day 28, after euthanizing the rabbits. DZN contents of the blood and tissue samples were measured using a reversed phase HPLC system. Clinical observations indicated signs of toxicity in the animals exposed to DZN as shown by diarrhea and body weight loss from day twenty. The level of DZN in the blood elevated with enhancing exposure time and reached the highest level at the end of the fourth week [0.620 +/- 0.26ppm]. The highest level of DZN was found in the brain tissue [0341 +/- 0.015 ppm]. The results of this study revealed the tissue accumulation and subsequent toxic effects of DZN following the subacute dermal exposure to the toxicant. It suggests that the determination of the toxicant level in the serum or tissue can be a monitoring method for the detection of the contamination rate

use of botulinum toxin and epidural analgesia for the treatment of spasticity and pain in a patient with maple syrup urine disease

A 7-year-old boy, weighing 18 kg, was diagnosed with maple syrup urine disease [MSUD]. He suffered from spasticity of the lower limbs and pain that did not respond to oral medications. Injections of botulinum toxin A [BTX-A] at 10 sites and epidural analgesia with 0.125% bupivacaine were used to treat spasticity with good results. We conclude that BTX-A combined with epidural analgesia may be a useful treatment option for incapacitating, painful spasticity related to MSUD. This treatment modality allowed a comprehensive rehabilitation program to be completed and it lasted longer than 9 months

[Comparison between anticoccidial effect of granulated Artemisia siberi extract and pure Artemisinin in affected broilers]

Increasing resistance against conventional anticoccidial drugs and the consequence of their residues has paid the attention toward more effective and safe compounds. Artemisia plant is a potential candidate that its anticoccidial effect has been previously discussed. This study aimed to produce a granule from the extract of Artemisia siberi and evaluate its anticcocidial effects compared to pure Atremisinin. Artemisinin was extracted from Artemisia by petroleum ether and then formulated into a wet granule. Experimental coccidiosis was induced in chicks [n=75] by oral administration of 250000 oocysts/chick. Chicks were divided into 5 groups of three replicates each [n=15] and one uninfected group [n=15]. The infected chicks were treated by oral administration [lmg/kg] of pure artemisinin and granule formulation with three different doses [1, 2.5 and 5mg/kg artemisinin] as feed additive. The treatment was conducted for 5 successive days towever. The fifth infected group and uninfected group did not receive any medication. At the end of treatment, fecal samples of each group were collected for 5 days and the OPG [oocyst per gram] was determined as anticoccidial index. The granule formulation of Artemisia and pure artemisinin significantly [p<0.001] decreased the OPG values in treated groups [30% in treated groups Vs8% in control]. However, there wasn't significant difference between granule formulation and pure artemisinin on OPG reduction [30.39% and 30.35%, respectively]. This study showed that the Artemisia siberi granulated extract can be considered as a new effective and safe anticoccidial drug

Broncho-pleuropericardial fistula complicating staphylococcal sepsis

This is a rare case of broncho-pleuropericardial fistula in a 12-year-old female who presented with fever, painful joint swelling, and pleural and pericardial effusion secondary to disseminated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection. The pleural and pericardial effusion were drained, however, air leak was observed from both tubes and was synchronous with mechanical inspiration. A broncho-pleuropericardial fistula was suspected and confirmed with computed tomography. This case report demonstrated that disseminated S. aureus bacteremia could result in broncho-pleuropericardial fistula. The ability of disseminated staphylococcal infection to produce pnemopericardium should be added to the list of other complications associated with disseminated staphylococcal sepsis

Relationship between DNA polymorphisms at the BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB loci in beta-Thalassemia patients with increased fetal hemoglobin levels

High fetal hemoglobin [HbF] levels have a major impact on the hemoglobin disorders, i.e. beta -Thalassemia. Increased HbF production ameliorates the disease severity. Three loci-HBS1L-MYB intergenic region on chromosome 6q23, BCL11A on chromosome 2pl6, and the chi-globin gene on chromosome 11 account for up to 50% of the variations in HbF levels in patients with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia and healthy adults. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between some polymorphisms on HBS1L-MYB BCL11A loci and increased HbF levels in thalassemia patients and normal subjects. In this case-control study, three common polymorphisms among 50 beta-thalassemia patients with increased HbF and 47 healthy individuals with normal HbF by using PCR-RFLP were genotyped: rs4895441, rsl 1886868, and rs28384513. Enzymatic digestion was performed by Rsal, MboII, and BstXI, respectively. Correlations with high levels of HbF were performed with a Chi-square test by using SPSS 16 and SNP analyzer2. Mutant allelic frequencies were 0.245, 0.521 and 0.309 in healthy and 0.3, 0.52 and 0.28 in patient for rs4895441, rsl 1886868 and rs28384513, respectively. Significant relationship was not observed among three polymorphisms studied in healthy volunteers and beta-Thalassemia major patients with increased HbF levels and P-value allelic and genotypic was higher than 0.05 at three SNPs. In spite of previous reports, evaluation of polymorphisms at the BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB loci in this study did not show up a significant correlation with increased HbF. Other polymorphisms might have a role in increasing HbF in our population

[Bioequivalence study of two closantel formulations in sheep]

Bioequivalence study is a scientific and practical method used to compare the quality of a generic drug with a reference product. This study aimed to examine the bioequivalence of two closantel formulations produced with different sources of raw material by a domestic pharmaceutical company. Due to long half-life of closantel, the study carried out by a parallel method. Thirty sheep were divided into 2 groups of 15 each. In the first group [test group] each sheep received 500 mg bolus of closantel and in the second group [reference group], each sheep received a 500 mg bolus of closantel produced with a raw material from a Belgium Company. Blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration. An HPLC system was used to determine the amount of closantel in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters including area under curve [AUC], C[max], T[max], Kel and t[1/2] of closantel were determined in each sheep. A t-student test was used to analyze and compare the results. The mean +/- SD of C[max] in reference and test groups were 56.38 +/- 14.28 micro g/ml, 51.44 +/- 10.55, respectively. T[max] in reference and test groups were 22.93 +/- 2.81, 23.72 +/- 1.83 h, respectively. AUC [0-72] in reference and test drugs were 2049.1 +/- 421.2 and, 1795.1 +/- 421.2, respectively. AUC [0- infinity] in reference and test were 2557.3 +/- 621.5 and 2171.1 +/- 80.K[el] in reference group was 0.0321 +/- 0.0144 while in test it was 0.0348 +/- 0.0128. t[1/2] in reference and test groups were 24.85 +/- 8.34 h and, 22.29 +/- 8.03 h, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that there was not significant difference between reference and test group, suggesting that two products were bioequivalent

[ effect of forceps type on results and complications of transbronchial lung biopsy]

Lung biopsy via the bronchus [TBLB] is among the routine diagnostic procedures for pulmonary diseases and is performed using either of two different kinds of forceps: cup and alligator. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of two kinds of forceps on quality of biopsy as well as the side effects of TBLB. This was a prospective, observational and double-blind study in which four samples were biopsied from each patient via TBLB. The sample characteristics were recorded based on size, number of alveoli included, diagnostic value, and the side effects such as pneumothorax and bleeding. A total number of 44 patients and 176 biopsies were evaluated. Twenty one patients [47.7%] were males and 23 [52.3%] females. While considering the size of samples, of 88 biopsies via alligator forceps, 21.6% were small, 45.5% medium, and 33% large. Corresponding results for the cup forceps were 43.2% small, 29.5% medium, and 27.3% large. From 88 biopsies taken using alligator forceps, 18.2% were found to have diagnostic value whereas in the case of cup forceps the diagnostic value was 23.9%. While no significant pneumothorax was seen with alligator forceps it was observed in 9% of the cup forceps procedures. Significant bleeding was seen in 1% of the alligator forceps and 5.7% of the cup forceps procedures. Comparing two types of forceps regarding the effect on results of TBLB, alligator forceps produced larger samples and less side effects. There was no significant difference in diagnostic value between two procedures

Effect of [urografin] on left ventriular diastolic and renal functions after cardiac catheterization

is to evaluate the effects of iodinated contrast media "urografin" on kidney functions and left ventricular diastolic function indices in patients underwent coronary angiography. It included 100 patients with normal kidney function 57 male [57%] and 43 female [43%]. The patients are classified into four groups:- group A: diabetic hypertensive patients, group B: only diabetic patients, group C: only hypertensive patients and group D: non diabetic, non-hypertensive patients. For all patients history taking and clinical examination, standard 12 lead ECG, abdominal ultrasonography to exclude renal medical diseases, Echo-Doppler study before, immediately and 7 days after cardiac catheterization for assessment of left ventricular diastolic functions, and kidney function tests before cardiac catheterization, immediately, 3 days and 7 days after cardiac catheterization. We found an increase in blood urea, serum creatinine and decrease in creatinine clearance [not reaching the significant level] at the first day after contrast administration [P> 0.05]; However, the maximal significant effect of these contrast agent on kidney functions was reached at the third day [P< 0.05] and return to normal at the seventh day [P< 0.05]. Also we found that the level of serum creatinine is maximally changed after three days of contrast administration, where the mean values were 1.11 +/- 0.19 before coronary angiography changed to 1.24 +/- 0.17 immediately after coronary angiography and 1.79+0.13 three days after coronary angiography and 1.27+0.12 after seven days of coronary angiography. It was noted that the level of serum creatinine is increased by 25% or > 0.5 mg/dl from the base line value and decline to nearly normal level after seven days of coronary angiography. The effects of contrast agents on kidney functions were significantly higher in groups [A] and [B] than that of groups [C] and [D] and there was a significant positive correlation between the dose of contrast media and the effect on kidney functions [P< 0.05]. Also, there was a non-significant effect of the radio contrast media on the left ventricular diastolic function indices in the four studied groups [P> 0.05] immediately after and seven days after radio contrast administration. However, there was a non-significant correlation between the dose of contrast media and diastolic function parameters immediately after and seven days after coronary angiography [P> 0.05]. So the effect of radiocontrast agents after coronary angiograpghy on kidney functions is benign and transient starting within 1-2 days reaching the peak at 3-5 days and then returning to base line within 7-10 days. This effect is significantly higher in diabetic hypertensive patients than that in non-diabetic, non-hypertensive patients with positive correlation between the dose of contrast media and kidney functions. However, the ionic contrast media exerts negligible alterations on left ventricular diastolic functions indices

National survey of the oral health of 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates

This paper describes the first national survey of oral health in the United Arab Emirates [UAE]. Using WHO criteria, dental caries and fluorosis were recorded in 2651 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 years, and periodontal disease in those aged 15 years. The prevalence of dental caries in the permanent teeth of 12-year-olds was 54%; the mean DMFT [number of decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth] per child was 1.6. The prevalence of dental caries in 15-year-olds was 65% and the mean DMFT was 2.5. For the UAE as a whole, 70% of 12-year-old schoolchildren had no dental fluorosis and 37% of 15-year-olds had healthy periodontal tissues

Application of computed aided detection in breast masses diagnosis.

Breast cancer is the most widespread cancer in women. The life-time risk of a woman developing this disease has been established as one in eight. Currently mammography is a standard method and could decrease breast cancer mortality. Unfortunately, negative mammograms don't exclude cancer. The sensitivity of mammography ranges from approximately 70% to 90% and it should be higher. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample contained 255 cases taken from Imaging Center of Imam Khomaini Hospital. Bilateral mammograms in both craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections were used. Two experienced Radiologists reviewed images before and after using CAD system. Tumors (including malignant and benign) and normal breast tissues were confirmed by histological correlation. RESULTS: Of 255 cases 92 were not recommended for further work-up. Of 163 cases 90 were normal mass, 23 malignant tumors, 16 benign tumors and 22 cysts were detected by CAD system. The remaining cases were finalized only by biopsy. CONCLUSION: CAD could be utilized for breast mass detection. This is a practical technique with low cost.

Biochemical, hematological and pathological alterations associated with ascites in broilers and the role of oxygen-derived free radicals

Three hundred and fifteen day -old chickens were used to test the relationship between oxygen- derived free radicals and the biochemical, hematological and pathological alterations[associtd with ascites]. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups and ascites were developed in two groups of animals by exposing them to low temperature or administration of triiodothyronine [T[3],], and the third group was used as control. Different hematological, biochemical and pathological tests were used to determine the incidence of ascites in birds. These include total red blood cell [RBC], hematochrit [PCV], activities of alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST] and the ratio of right ventricular weight to total ventricular weight [RV/TV]. Two hydroxylated salicylic acid [SA] metabolites, 2, 3- and 2, 5-dihydroxy benzoic acids [2, 3- and 2, 5-DHBA], were measured. by HPLC system to detect the generation of hydroxyl [OH] radicals. An analysis of variance [ANOVA] was used to determine the differences between different experimental groups. Ascites syndrome was observed in T[3] and low temperature treated groups as shown by necropsy changes and significant increases [p < 0.05] in the amount of RBC, PCV, ALT, AST and the ratio of RV/TV. While the significant increase was shown in the amounts of 2,3- and 2,5-DHBAfrom day 11, the alteration in the values of enzymes and hematoloic parameters and ratio of RV/TV occurred from days 18, 25 and 32 respectively. It can be concluded that OH radicals may be involved in the initiation of ascites syndrome, but the biochemical, hematological and pathological changes induced by these agents, can cause ascites and other alterations

Outcomes of breast reconstruction with pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous [TRAM] flap at cancer institute: a retrospective study of 10 years of experience

Reconstruction of breast with transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous [TRAM] flap is the standard for reconstruction of breast following mastectomy. In this article, authors report their experience with pedicled TRAM flap reconstruction of the breast. Records for the patients who had undergone breast reconstruction with pedicled TRAM flap were retrieved. Records of outpatient followups were also obtained. Patient satisfaction with the outcome of surgery was assessed using a detailed questionnaire including a linear visual analogue scale ranging from zero [not satisfied] to ten [most satisfied]. There were 61 reconstructions in 59 patients. In 42 [71.2%] cases a synthetic mesh and in 14 [23.7%] cases dermal graft was used for closure of the abdominal fascial defect. The mean hospital stay was 10.67 [1 - 72] days. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 621 days. The overall rates of complications were as follows: partial flap necrosis: 11 [18.6%], flap hematoma: 2 [3.4%], flap seroma: 7 [11.9%], flap wound infection: 7 [11.9%], abdominal wound hematoma: 9 [15.3%], abdominal wound seroma: 5 [8.5%], abdominal wound ischemia: 1 [1.7%], abdominal wound incisional hernia: 6 [10.2%], deep vein thrombosis: 1 [1.7%], complication requiring rehospitalization: 9 [15.3%], complication requiring reoperation: 8 [13.6%]. There were no abdominal wound infection, no umbilical necrosis, and no pulmonary embolism. Aesthetic results were classified as excellent [62%], good [28%], fair [10%]. The mean satisfaction score was 9.5 [range 6-10]. Breast reconstruction with pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap was associated with a low complication rate and a high level of patient satisfaction in our center

Assessment of the accuracy of death certification at two referral hospitals

Death certification is a vital source of information used in mortality statistics worldwide to assess the health of the general population. This study focuses on the consistency of information between the death reports and the clinical records [files] of deceased patients in two hospitals: the King Khalid University Hospital [KKUH] and King Fahad National Guard hospital [KFNGH] in Saudi Arabia. A random sample of the records of 157 deceased patients' registered in 2002 in the two hospitals was retrospectively reviewed independently to determine the underlying cause of death and compare them with death reports. It was also to check the accuracy of the translation from English in to Arabic. It was found that the underlying cause of death was misdiagnosed in 80.3% of the death reports. When the two hospitals were compared, no significant difference was observed [p>0.05]. In addition, 81.8% of the accurate [correct] death reports in both hospitals were of patients who had died of a malignant disease. However, the translation of the underlying cause of death in KFNGH was correct in 86.1% of the death reports, while in KKUH it was only 25%, which is highly statistically significant [p<0.0001]. With the limitation of studying only a small number of cases, these results indicate a discrepancy between the file and death reports in relation to the cause of death. Also, the translation of the cause of death was inconsistent in the two hospitals. Hence, there is a real need to adopt suitable measures to improve the quality of death certification

frequency distribution of parainfluenza, adeno and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children below 2 years old with bronchiolititis, by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method, afzalipoor hospital, kerman, 2006

Acute respiratory infections are common cause of mortality during childhood. This study was designed to determine the incidence of adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory infections by Multiplex PCR method. This study included 168 children under 2 years of age with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal specimens were taken and transferred to the virology laboratory in VTM transport medium. Following extraction of viral DNA and RNA, Multiplex RT-PCR was performed. From 168 specimens, 33 cases [19.6%] were infected with parainfluenza viruses, 18 cases [10.7%] with adenovirus and 63 cases [37.5%] with RSV. The rest of the specimens were negative for these viruses, which indicated that these specimens had been probably infected with other viral agents not investigated in this study, or with mycoplasma. No significant correlation was found between WBC count, ESR values, degree of air trapping, coryza, fever, cough, retraction rale, wheezing and the type of viral infection. Also no significant correlation was found based on age, sex or general condition of patients. Major causes of viral infections in this study were respectively respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], parainfluenza and adenovirus

[Polyclonal antibody production against bovine serum albumin conjugated artemisinin in rabbit]

The aim of the present study was to produce a polyclonal antibody against bovine serum albumin [BSA] conjugated with artemisinin. To gain an immunogenic character of artemisinin, a carboxyl group was added to it using mixed anhydride method. Then, the reactive compound of artemisinin was conjugated with BSA. The BSA+artemisinin were injected to white female New Zealand rabbits for two times. In the first injection, the Fraud's complete adjuvant was used, and two weeks later, a booster injection was carried out with a Fraud's incomplete adjuvant. Two weeks later, blood samples were collected; their serum were separated and frozen until assessment. The production of antibody against BSA+artemisinin was assayed by Immunoblot technique. Antibody was separated and concentrated by saturated ammonium sulfate. The assay confirmed the successful production of an antibody against BSA+artemisinin as a fundamental step in investigation of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of artemisinin

[Simultaneous determination of salicylic acid and its hydroxylated metabolites in poultry serum by HPLC]

To introduce an HPLC method for indirect measuring of hydroxyl radicals in poultry serum. Chromatographic study. Poultry serum. By acidification of serum with 1.0 M HCl, salicylic acid [SA] and its hydroxylated metabolites were extracted into diethylether, dried and redissolved in mobile phase buffer and HCl. It was filtered and 20 micro L of the filtrate injected into the HPLC system. The chromatographic condition was as follows: acetate-citrate buffer [94%]: methanol [6%] as mobile phase run at 1.2 ml/min through a C18 column using UV and EC detectors concurrently. Descriptive statistics good. Separations among these compounds obtained without any interference with poultry serum elements. Calibration curves for SA and Dihydroxy benzoic acids [DHBAs] were linear at 0.28-88 micro g/ml [R[2] =0.996] and 0.3 -12.3 micro g/ml [R[2] = 0.998], respectively. Detection limit for SA and DHBAs were 0.56 micro g/ml and 0.3 micro g/ml, respectively. Precision of the method [CV%] as intra- and inter-day variations were defined for SA [2.5 -6.5%, 4.4-6.8%], 2,3-DHBA [4.2-8.5%, 5.8-9.0%] and 2, 5-DHBA [4.1-6.8%, 5.9- 7.4%]. Recovery of the method for SA and DHBA were 87 +/- 5% and 92 +/- 4%, respectively. This method is useful for simultaneous determination of SA and its hydroxylated metabolites in poultry serum as an indirect measurement of hydroxyl radicals