[ protective effects of Iranian golpar [Heracleum persicum] essential oil in liver damages induced by CCl4 in Wistar rats]

Background: Nowadays, liver disorders are one of the most serious and threatening problems of the health. Persian Golpar [Heracleum [H.] persicum] as an endemic medicinal plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties was used [noted] in the study for reducing the live injuries

Objective: This experiment -for the first time- was conducted to consider the effects of the oils obtained from fruits of Persian Golpar on the liver toxicity induced by the injection of tetrachloride carbon [CCl4] in the Wistar rats

Methods: In this study, 100 male Wistar rats were divided into 20 groups [n=5]. Negative control group [NC] received DMSO and olive oil for two weeks and the positive control group [C] received DMSO as i.p injection in 14 days following CCl4 [2 ml/kg b.w] at day 15th. The standard group [BHT], The treatment groups received H. persicum essential oils at both doses 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w as i.p injection following CCl4 [2 ml/kg b.w] at day 15th. Then, the levels of the glutathione [GSH], total antioxidant capacity of plasma [FRAP], proxidasion lipids [MDA] and glutathione stransferase [GST] and also liver enzymes for instance alanin teransferase [ALT] and aspartate teransferase [AST] were estimated at 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after CCL4 injection

Results: The injection of the essential oils [at the both doses] obtained from Persian Golpar could surprisingly modulate the changes of the antioxidant/oxidative parameters as well as liver enzymes induced by CCL4 administration

Conclusion: These results indicated the protective effect of Iranian Golpar essential oils on the liver. These effects are probably due to its antioxidant capacity

Evaluation the role of ferula gummosa essential oil against the hepatoxicity induced by acetaminophen in animal model

Background: Acetaminophen as a common antipyretic drug, in overdoses, is poisonous for the liver

Objective: The current study aimed to assess the protective effects of Ferula [F.] gummosa essential oils against the liver toxicity of acetaminophen in rats

Methods: 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 16 groups [n=5]. Negative control group received only DMSO and the positive control group received acetaminophen 500 mg/kg b.w i.p. The treatment groups received F. gummosa essential oils [100 and 200 mg/kg b.w] i.p immediately after acetaminophen administration. The blood were collected for estimating the values of total antioxidant of plasma [FRAP] and liver enzymes; alanin teransferase [ALT], aspartate teransferase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]. Also, a piece of liver was used for determining of glutathione [GSH], lipid peroxidation [LP] concentrations, the activity of glutathione s-transferase [GST] and histopathological studies

Results: The data showed that F. gummosa essential oil modulate significantly the changes in the levels of GSH, GST and FRAP as well as the liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation compared to negative control group. Furthermore, the histopathological findings of the liver tissue was confirmed the biochemical results

Conclusion: The essential oil extracted from F. gummosa possessed antioxidant activity which protects the liver against the toxic effects of acetaminophen

[Seven-year tolerance of intrauterine device in bladder]

Spontaneous migration of an intrauterine device into the bladder is very rare. Foreign bodies of the urinary bladder may occur by self-insertion or migration from neighbor organs. When ignored for a long time, foreign bodies act as a core for calculus formation. The patient usually present with dysuria and intermittent urinary tract infections. A 42-year-old woman is reported in whom an intrauterine device had been placed 7 years before this report, and complained of chronic pelvic pain, recurrent urinary tract infections and irritative urinany tract symptoms. After observation of stone in the bladder, the intrauterine device and the surrounded stone was removed by suprapubic cystolithotomy

[Cyclooxygenase; prevention and treatment]

Cyclooxygenase [COX] is the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Two cycloxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-I and COX-2. Both enzymes are blocked by nonselective anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID], such as indomethacin and ibuprofen. COX-I is an enzyme normally found in tissues and is involved in physiological functions, while COX-2 is an acute phase reactant associated with inflammation. Recently, COX-2 has been found to be associated with hyperalgesia, angiogenesis, cancer and Alzheimers disease. The suggestion that COX-2 is causally linked to cancer offers a new approach to extending our knowledge about the neoplastic phenomenon and improving management of human malignant diseases

[Biochemical mechanism of inflammation in colorectal cancer]

Biological and chemical stimulators cause tissue injury. Many epidemiological studies imply that chronic stimulation of tissues leads to cancer. One of the most important type of chronic tissue stimulation criteria is increased activity of the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid and production of biochemical intermediates. Cyclooxygenase pathway [COX] of arachidonic acid leads to production of a variety of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. These inflammatory agents exert their biological effects on different organs and initiate human cancers. Lately, a variety of synthetic and natural drugs have been discovered that suppress the production of these inflammatory agents and inhibit cancer promotion. One of the most popular drugs, are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, [NSAIDs]. In this review, we discuss the role of these inflammatory agents in colorectal carcinogenesis and also their mechanism of inhibition

[ effect of vitamin E on diabetes induced antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and nephropathy in rats]

In present study the effect of vitamin E on diabetes induced nephropathy, plasma antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation was investigated. 24 male wistar rats with average body weight of 250 +/- 20 gr were chosen. 16 rats, diabetized by STZ [60 mg/kg B.W, i.p] were divided into 3 groups [n=8] of non-diabetic, diabetic non-treated and diabetic treated with Vit.E [300 mg daily]. After 8 weeks all rats were anaesthetized by hydrate chloral. After blood sampling, kidneys were removed and kept in 10% formalin buffer. Plasma and red blood cells of blood samples were separated. Plasma antioxidant capacity by FRAP method, and malondialdehyde [MDA] as lipid peroxidation indicator were measured. Also renal samples were studied for focal cell proliferation and glomerule and tubule structural changes. MDA in non-diabetic, diabetic and diabetic treated with Vit.E rats was 126.14 +/- 6.6, 245.2 +/- 17 and 170.8 +/- 9 nmol/grHb respectively. Significant attenuation of MDA in diabetic treated with Vit. E rats showed decrease of lipid peroxidation in comparison to the diabetic non treated group [P<0.01]. Antioxidant capacity in the three groups mentioned was 582.7 +/- 23.33, 586.2 +/- 23.79 and 808.7 +/- 30.82 mmol/lit respectively. Plasma antioxidant capacity in Vit.E treated rats showed significant augmentation comparing to the first two groups [P<0.05]. In the non-treated rats, glomerule diffused proliferation, cell diffused inflammation and hyaline changes were seen arteries walls also showes thickening. These changes were significantly reduction in rats treated with Vit. E. This study showed that Vit. E causes decrease the oxidative effects stress and improve diabetes induced nephropathy