Anti-genotoxic effect of vitamin E administration in acrylamide intoxicated rat bone marrow cells

This study aims to investigate the effect of oral administration of vitamin E [VE, 300 mg/kg, oral intubation daily for 21 consecutive days] to normal and acrylamide-intoxicated [ACR, 25 mg/kg daily for 21 consecutive days] rats. Bone marrow was used to monitor the changes in micronucleus [MN] incidence and modulating the genotoxic effects of gavaged ACR. Treatment of rats with acrylamide [ACR] significantly elevated the frequency of bone marrow MN. Moreover, VE administration decreased the MN frequency to be near the control values; suggesting the ameliorative effect of VE against ACR toxicity

use of Sengstaken - Blakemore tube to control postpartum hemorrhage: Ain Shams University experience

To evaluate the efficacy of Sengstaken - Blakemore tube to control cases of intractable postpartum hemorrhage [PPH]. Cases of intractable PPH admitted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital from April 2005 to December 2006 and managed by Sengstaken-Blakemore tube after exclusion of other causes of PPH are reviewed. Eighteen cases were managed by Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. The most common cause of PPH was uterine atony in 10 cases [56%] followed by coagulopathy in 5 [28%] and placenta accreta in 3 [17%]. Twelve cases [66%] were delivered vaginally and six cases had a cesarean section. The procedure successfully arrested the bleeding in 16 out of 18 cases [88.8%]. All six cases delivered by cesarean section had additionally internal iliac artery ligation before applying the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube However, in cases delivered vaginally, tile balloon was used first in order to avoid laparatomy. The mean blood transfusion unit given was 4.5 units of packed RBCs and 2.1 units fresh frozen plasma. Time mean volume of maximum balloon inflation was 225 ml and the mean duration of application was 33 hours with a mean blood loss through the drainage tube of 233.3 ml. The two unsuccessful cases followed vaginal deliveries and both were salvaged by undergoing supravaginal hysterectomy after failure of internal iliac artery ligation in controlling bleeding. The application of Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in selected cases of intractable PPH appears to be simple, safe and atraumatic sparing patients an unnecessary difficult surgical intervention

use of Sengstaken - Blakemore tube to control postpartum hemorrhage: Ain Shams University experience

To evaluate the efficacy of Sengstaken- Blakemore tube to control cases of intractable postpartum hemorrhage [PPH]. Cases of intractable PPH admitted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital from April 2005 to December 2006 and managed by Sengstaken Blakemore tube after exclusion of other causes of PPH are reviewed. Eighteen Cases were managed by Sengstaken- Blakemore tube. The most common cause of PPH was uterine atony in 10 cases [56%] Followed by coagulopathy in 5 [28%] and Placenta accreta in 3 [17%] Twelve cases [66%] were delivered vaginally and six cases had a cesarean section. The procedure successfully, arrested the bleeding in 16 out of 18 cases [88.8%]. All six Cases delivered by cesarean section had additionally internal iliac artery ligation before applying the Sengstaken- Blakemore tube. However, in cases delivered vaginally, the balloon Was used first in order to avoid laparatomy The mean blood transfusion unit given was 4.5 units of packed RBCs and 2.1 units fresh frozen plasma. The mean volume of maximum balloon inflation was 225 ml and the mean duration of application was 33 hours with a mean blood loss through the drainage tube of 233.3 ml. The two unsuccessful cases followed vaginal deliveries and both were salvaged by undergoing supravaginal hysterectomy after failure of internal iliac artery ligation in controlling bleeding. The application of Sengstaken- Blakemore tube in selected cases of intractable PPH appear to be simple safe and atraumatic sparing patients an unnecessary difficult surgical intervention

Impaired glucose tolerance after acute stroke

The objective of this work is to determine the prevalence of disturbances in glucose metabolism in patients with acute stroke. Research design and methods-Consecutively admitted acute stroke patient [n=100] were screened for glucose tolerance according to the standardized World Health Organization protocol in the 1[st] and 2[nd] week after the stroke event. In addition, we repeatedly measured fasting capillary blood glucose during the first 10 days. Of the 100 subjects analyzed, 30 [30%] were classified as having newly diagnosed diabetes, 28 [28%] as having IGF or IGT, 29 [29%] as having transient hyperglycemia and only 16 [16%] were normoglycemia. Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes had more severe stroke National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] on admission], hypertension and HbAIc than other studied groups [p<0.001], a higher rate of pneumonia and urinary tract infection during the admission [P0.001] and a worse outcome at discharge [mRS 0-1 at discharge]; [P<0.001] than nondiabetic patients. Patients with normal glucose regulation were more often men [more women among diabetic patients] and significantly younger than patients classified as having abnormal glucose regulation. In multivariate logistic regression model, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] on admission, female sex and urinary tract infection were independently associated with the classification of newly diagnosed diabetes. Age < 70 years and normotension were factors associated with normal glucose values in OGTT. It could be concluded that - The majority of acute stroke patients have disorders of glucose metabolism and in most cases this fact has been unrecognized. Diabetes worsens the outcome of acute stroke. Therefore, in the post-acute phase, an oral glucose tolerance test should be recommended in all stoke patients with no prior history of diabetes

Peripheral arterial disease and risk of cardiac death in type 2-diabetes

The purpose of this study was to determine the natural history of peripheral arterial disease [PAD] complicating type2-diabetics, in particular the influence of PAD on the risk of cardiac death and the adequacy of PAD risk factor management. The study was a prospective study of diabetic patients. The study was performed at Al-Azhar University Hospitals on 15o patients with type 2-diabetes between March 2004 and May 2005, with follow-up period at least 2-years. All patients had a valid data at baseline and three or more subsequent consecutive annual reviews. Assessment consisted of a range of clinical and biochemical variables including the ankle/brachial index [ABI]. PAD was defined as an ABI

Evaluation of the sedative and some anticholinergic effects of the H1 antagonists loratadine and pheniramine in experimental animals

All antihistaminic drugs have adverse effect of some degree. The most common side effects are sedation and anticholinergic responses. On isolated rabbit jejunum pheniramine [1-2 ug/ml] reduced significantly contraction induced by a submaximal dose of acetylcholine. However, loratadine [1-16 ug/ml] produced no reduction. Loratadine in doses up to [300 mg/kg] which is more than 300 times the effective antihistaminic dose, produced no significant effect on spontaneous motor activity in motor coordination nor in parkinsonism induced by fluphenamine [10 mg/kg: s.c] in adult rats. On the other hand, pheniraine [5 mg/kg] intraperitoneal reduced significantly spontaneous motor activity and motor coordination in experimental rats. Like loratadines, it has no effect on fluphenazine induced parkinsonism. It can be concluded that loratadine is a nonsedating antihistaminic with no peripheral or central anticholinergic effects even in doses 300 times the antihistaminic dose. So, it is a safe and well tolerate

new method for evaluation of spontaneous motor activity in experimental animals

Study of spontaneous motor activity in experimental animals is usually done in evaluation of new drugs. The photoelectrical cell apparatus, the classical method is not accurate enough. That is whey new computerized accurate techniques was introduced, but it is too expensive to be available in research units in developing countries. A new proposed apparatus is introduced in this work. Diazepamin, doses of [380, 140, 70, 30, 15 mu g/kg] were injected intraperitoneally in five groups of white rats. The photoelectrical cell apparatus could detect inhibition in spontaneous motor activity in the first three doses only while, the new apparatus could detect this inhibition in all given doses. Thus, the new apparatus which is much less expensive than the photoelectrical cell, is more accurate and proved to act with ease and reliable efficiency

Effect of different oral doses of omeprazole on indomethacin-induces gastric ulcer in male albino rats

Omeprazole, a benzimidazole derivative, has proven to be a powerful inhibitor of gastric acid secretion evoked by variety of stimuli. This work was designed to study the effect of different doses of omeprazole [1.8, 3.7 and 7.2 mg/kg] on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer and on indomethacin-induced changes of gastric acid secretion in male albino rats. Incidence of ulceration, mean ulcer score as well as ulcer and preventive indices were estimated to assess the former, while volume of gastric content, acid out put and acid concentration were estimated to assess the latter. Omeprazole [7.2 mg/kg] was the only dose that could reduce incidence of ulceration. Doses of [3.7 and 7.2 mg/kg] could significantly [P < 0.05] reduce mean acid concentration. However, other mentioned parameters were significantly [P < 0.05] reduced by all used doses in a dose dependant manner. It is obvious that [7.2 mg/kg] is the dose that reduced significantly all measured parameters but the beneficial effect of other doses cannot be discarded