ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Skeletal muscle injuries are frequent clinical challenges due to associated fibrosis and disability.Regenerative medicine is an emerging promising strategy for such cases. The aim of this study was to compare between the effects of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus adipose tissue stromal cells (ADSCs) on regeneration and re-innervation of skeletal muscle laceration injury in Wistar rats at different time intervals. @*METHODS@#Six young male rats were used as a source of allogenic MSCs. Eighty-four adult female rats were divided into: Group I (control), Group II (Untreated Laceration): right gluteal muscle was lacerated and left for spontaneous healing, Group III (BM-MSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 BM-MSCs in the lacerated muscle, Group IV (ADSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 ADSCs in lacerated muscle. Rats were sacrificed after one, two and eight weeks.Muscles were processed to prepare sections stained with H&E, Mallory’s trichrome and immune-histochemical staining (neurofilament light chain). @*RESULTS@#A significant increase in collagen fibers and failure of re-innervation were noticed in untreated laceration group. BM-MSCs-treated groups showed regeneration of muscle fibers but with increased collagen fibers. Meanwhile, ADSCs showed better regenerative effects evidenced by significant increase in the number of myotubes and significant decrease in collagen deposition. Re-innervation was noticed in MSCs-injected muscles after 8 weeks of laceration. @*CONCLUSION@#Both BM-MSCs and ADSCs improved regeneration of skeletal muscle laceration injury at short- and long-term durations. However, fibrosis was less in ADSCs-treated rats. Effective re-innervation of injured muscles occurred only at the long-term duration.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Skeletal muscle injuries are frequent clinical challenges due to associated fibrosis and disability.Regenerative medicine is an emerging promising strategy for such cases. The aim of this study was to compare between the effects of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus adipose tissue stromal cells (ADSCs) on regeneration and re-innervation of skeletal muscle laceration injury in Wistar rats at different time intervals. @*METHODS@#Six young male rats were used as a source of allogenic MSCs. Eighty-four adult female rats were divided into: Group I (control), Group II (Untreated Laceration): right gluteal muscle was lacerated and left for spontaneous healing, Group III (BM-MSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 BM-MSCs in the lacerated muscle, Group IV (ADSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 ADSCs in lacerated muscle. Rats were sacrificed after one, two and eight weeks.Muscles were processed to prepare sections stained with H&E, Mallory’s trichrome and immune-histochemical staining (neurofilament light chain). @*RESULTS@#A significant increase in collagen fibers and failure of re-innervation were noticed in untreated laceration group. BM-MSCs-treated groups showed regeneration of muscle fibers but with increased collagen fibers. Meanwhile, ADSCs showed better regenerative effects evidenced by significant increase in the number of myotubes and significant decrease in collagen deposition. Re-innervation was noticed in MSCs-injected muscles after 8 weeks of laceration. @*CONCLUSION@#Both BM-MSCs and ADSCs improved regeneration of skeletal muscle laceration injury at short- and long-term durations. However, fibrosis was less in ADSCs-treated rats. Effective re-innervation of injured muscles occurred only at the long-term duration.
ABSTRACT
Significant abnormalities were found in children with G6PD deficiency haemolytic anaemia [n=12] compared to a group of normal children [n=25] in the same age range. These abnormalities are represented by highly significant inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase [ALAD] activity, high blood porphyrins [coproporphyrin, CP and protoporphyrin, PP] and excessive excretion of urine porphyrins [CP and uroporphyrin, UP]. Experimental mild haemolytic anaemia was induced in guinea pigs by subcutaneous injection of aqueous solution of acetyl phenyl hydrazine. Porphyrins produced from the incubation of blood of these animals with delta-aminolevulinic acid [ALA] were analysed by thin layer chromatography [TLC] and high performance liquid chromatography [HP LC] and most of blood enzymes participating in haem biosynthesis were assayed. ALA-synthetase, uroporphyrinogen-I-synthetase and porphobilinogenase activities were all significantly higher than the corresponding values in a control group. However, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase [UR OD] activity was significantly inhibited in acetyl phenyl hydrazine-injected animals. The incubation experiments confirmed this inhibition in UROD activity
Subject(s)
Porphyrins , Anemia, Hemolytic , Animals, LaboratoryABSTRACT
Subacute lead-, mercury- and cadmium intoxications were separately induced in 3 groups of adult male rabbits by dissolving the metals [16.6 mM] acetates in the drinking distilled water. A control group of rabbits, drinking distilled water was also included for comparison. After 6 weeks, blood total porphyrins were significantly elevated in both Pb- and Hg intoxicated rabbits and insignificantly elevated in Cd-intoxicated rabbits. Incubation of blood hemolysates from all rabbits with the porphyrin precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid [ALA] indicated excess porphyrin synthesis by blood of Pb- intoxicated and normal synthesis of Hg- and Cd-intoxicated rabbits. Fractionation of the synthesized porphyrins revealed the presence of uroporphyrin [URO, 8 COOH], coproporphyrin [CP, 4 COOH] and porotoorphyrin [PP, 2 COOH] as well as 7 COOH-, 6 COOH-and 5 COOH-prophyrins in varying levels in each metal intoxication. The results of the decarboxylation of URO to CP prompted us to postulate the presence of at least 2 URO-decarboxylases. Excess urine and fecal porpyrin excretion was observed but the excretion was earlier in Pb-intoxication than in Hg- and Cd-intoxications. Total porphyrins in the liver and kidney were elevated in Pb-intoxication only. However, all porphyrin fractions were detected and quantitated in both tissues extracted from all rabbits. The role of kidney in the porphyrin of Pb and other metals poisoning is discussed and a mechanism for the hypersynthesis of porphyrins by kidney of Pb-intoxicated rabbits is presented
Subject(s)
Cadmium Poisoning/therapy , Lead Poisoning/therapy , Mercury Poisoning/therapyABSTRACT
28 out of 35 workers exposed to some benzene, phenol and aniline derivatives were found to have high blood methemoglobin levels compared with non-exposed subjects. Methemoglobinemia was mostly accompanied by decreased blood reduced glutathione [GSH] levels. Incubation of fresh blood samples with different concentrations of dichloroaniline [DCA], aniline-HC1. dinitro-chlorobenzene [DNCB] and p-nitrophenol indicated clearly that the first three compounds cause elevation of blood methemoglobin and reduction of GSH. p-Nitrophenol, however, decreases blood inethemoglobin and increases GSH. Blood samples pre-incubated with either DCA or DNCB were incubated with 14C1-glucose and the activity of pentose phosphate pathway [PPP] of glucose oxidation was estimated. The results revealed that low concentrations of both chemicals stimulated the pathway while high concentrations inhibited it. These findings are discussed in the light of the various factors controlling methemoglobin level including NADPH and GSH produced from glucose oxidation through PPP
Subject(s)
Polycyclic Compounds/adverse effects , Occupational DiseasesABSTRACT
A group of 5 male rabbits intoxicated by lead through drinking a solution of lead acetate and a control group of rabbits were included in this study. Urinary arylsulphatase A activity was highly reduced in the lead-intoxicated compared to the control group. This reduction was noted directly after the onset of the intoxication process and was amounting to about 1/10 of the activity found before starting the intoxication course. An in vitro experiment confirmed that lead inhibits the activity of arylsulphatase A in the urine. It is suggested to add this finding as a new test for the early detection of excessive lead absorption
Subject(s)
Cerebroside-Sulfatase , Animals, LaboratoryABSTRACT
An experimental model of Iead intoxication was conducted in rabbits by dissolving lead acetate [5 g/1] in the drinking distilled water. Erythrocyte reduced glutathione was converted to the oxidized form by mixing with t-butyl hydroperoxide at 37°C and the amounts of reduced glutathione regenerated by erythrocytes were recorded at various incubation intervals. Reduced glutathione regeneration was higher in lead intoxicated than in control rabbits. The direct assay of glutathione reductase, the enzyme governing the conversion of oxidized to reduced glutathione, revealed that this enzyme activity is higher in lead-intoxicated than in control rabbits. This finding is confirmed by an in vitro experiment. It appears that these changes may be part of a control mechanism to compensate for the decreased erythrocyte glutathione concentration caused by lead