Prevalence of coronary artery diseases risk factors in Sari-Iran [2005-10]

Coronary artery diseases are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. This study was done to determine the prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery diseases in patients referred to angiography center in Sari, Northern Iran. This descriptive study was performed on 2540 patients referred to angiography center in Sari city, northern Iran, during 2005-10. Risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, Family history, CRP and also ECG changes, type and number of involved artery and the severity of vascular involvement were recorded for each patient. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking were seen in 40.8%, 40.5%, 29.1%, 12.5% of patients, respectively. Positive family history and CRP were found in 10% and 3.4% of the patients, respectively. 23.8% of patients had abnormal ECG. One, two and three vessel diseases were observed in 26.5%, 48.3%, 48.3% of cases, respectively. Left anterior descending artery constriction was seen in 75.8% and 80.4% of males and females, respectively. A significant relationship was found between diabetes and left coronary circumflex [P<0.04] and left anterior descending artery [P<0.03] constriction. Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, family history, abnormal ECG are among the risk factors of coronary artery diseases in this area

[ cytotoxic effects of glycyrrhiza glabra L. root extract on 4T1 cell line derived from BALB/c mice mammary tumors]

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. [G. glabra] root has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of several diseases. The main active constituent of G. glabra is glycyrrhizic acid with antioxidant property. The cytotoxic effects of several compound isolated from different plants have been attributed to their antioxidant properties. The present work was aimed to investigate the in-vitro cytotoxic screening of G. glabra root extract against 4T1 cell line derived from BALB/c mice mammary tumors. 4T1 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin. Then cells treated with different concentration of G. glabra extract [50, 100, 200, 400, 800 micro g/ml], taxol [1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 nM] alone and in combination G. glabra and taxol for 24, 48, 72 hrs. Viability of the cells was measured through trypanblue and MTT staining. The cells morphology was studied using fluorescent dye. G. glabra root extract and taxol showed significant cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells. Condensation and deformation of the nuclei were also observed similarly for both treatments. Moreover in combination therapy, G. glabra extract enhances taxol induced cytotoxicity in cancerous cells. G. glabra root extract and taxol showed cytotoxicity effects and morphological changes in 4T1 cells. This reduction in the viability of the cells was dependent on dose and time

[ cytotoxic effects of silymarin on the 4T1 cell line derived from BALB/c mice mammary tumors]

There is an increasing interest in identifying potent cancer preventive and therapeutic agents. Silymarin is a flavonoids complex extracted from the milk thistle [Silybum marianum L.] seeds. Silymarin was found clinically successful in the treatment of various liver diseases. Silymarin is in the focus of cancer researchers due to its high antioxidant properties. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of silymarin on 4T1 cells and compared with taxol. 4T1 cell line [BALB/c mouse mammary tumors] was cultured in RPMI medium containing FBS 10%. Cells were incubated with 5% CO2 in presence of different concentration of silymarin [25-50-75-100-125 micro g/ml], taxol [1.25-2.5-5-10-20 nM] and combination of silymarin and taxol separately for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT staining. The cells morphology was studied using fluorescent dye [Hochest, propidium iodide]. Silymarin and taxol showed significant cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell in a dose and time dependent manner. Condensation and deformation of the nuclei were also observed similarly for both treatments. In combination treatment silymarin enhanced the sensitivity of 4T1 cells to taxol in all doses. The cytotoxic effect of silymarin on mouse mammary tumors was comparable to taxol cytotoxicity. Treatment cells with combination of silymarin and taxol improved the cytotoxic effect of taxol

[BRCA1 gene expression in DMBA induced breast cancer in rats]

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among women. This study was done to determine the BRCA1 gene expression in 7, 12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [DMBA] induced breast cancer in rats. In this experimental study, the breast cancer was induced by DMBA in Sprague dawley rats. After tumors arise, cell cultures were prepared and G-banding staining was performed on metaphase chromosomal smear. According to databases, genes in the affected area were collected and after comparing genome of the rats and human in changed chromosomal segments, a gene list was prepared. FISH technique was performed on BRCA1 gene to prove accuracy of chromosomal banding results. Structural changes such as deletion occurred in chromosomes 10, which BRCA1 is located on. 24.7% of cells showed evidence of physical deletion in both copy of BRCA1 gene and 23.8% of cells showed deletion in one copy. Induced DMBA Breast cancer cells showed deletion in BRCA1 copy numbers. This gene may be involved in animal breast tumor model

[Introduction and bioinformatic's evaluation of candidate genes in breast cancer using cytogenetic studies of cancer induction]

Discovery of genetic changes which contribute to cellular neoplastic and malignant tumor transformation is one of the major aims in oncology researches. The aim of this study was to investigate the DMBA-induced breast cancer in SD rat strains using bioinformatical methods and also to find their homologous regions in human chromosomes. In this research, we used SD rat strains as a suitable model for DMBA-induced breast cancer. We gavaged the rats twice with 10 mg DMBA solved in 0.5 ml sesame oil. After tumors appeared in DMBA-treated rats, they were subjected to histopathology and immunohistochemistery studies, cell culture, metaphase chromosomal preparation, and finally G-banding stain. According to databases, we collected genes in the affected area and prepared a gene list by comparing genome of the rats and human in changed chromosomal segments. Our data showed numerical and frequent structural changes in different number of chromosomes. For example, we found recurrent gain in chromosomes 3, 4, 8, 12, 17, loss in chromosomes 3, 9, 12 and 15, also deletion in chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 20 and addition in chromosomes 11, 15 and 19. According to these chromosomal changes and based on bioinformatics studies we predict that the gene TGFBR3, HACE1, UBR5, CALB2, HPR, LCP1, RRM2B, ABO, ZFHX3, TNFSF11, ABL1, EPSTI1, PRDM1, REG3A, FOXA1 and PRKD1, probably may contribute to the development of breast cancer

[Determination of numerical and structural chromosomal changes in skin cancer in rat and finding comparable part in human]

Rat and human skin tumors have high similarity in physiology and show comparable biochemical responsiveness. In this study we have recorded numerical and structural chromosomal changes in metaphases chromosomes in induced-breast cancer in rats. In this experimental study, a carcinogenic substance [7, 12-Dimethylbenz[alpha] anthracene, DMBA] [2.5 mg] was subcutaneously injected to SD rats. Since tumors were appeared in effected rats, they became subjects for histopathology and imunohistochemistry studies as well as cell culture, metaphase chromosomal preparations and finally G-banding staining. The data showed some un-randomly numerical and structural changes in different number of chromosomes. We found a gain in chromosomes number 8, 9, 10, 18 and a loss of numerical chromosomal changes in chromosomes number 4, 5, 6, 17 and marker chromosomes in diploid and triploid model of analyzed chromosomal sets. According to our reported chromosomal changes and also published articles, we predict that SRD5A2, BCAM, SIRT2, AKT2, MLANA, RHOB, CANX, TERT are probably involved in development of skin cancer. In addition, we recommend that the genes located in these chromosomal segments, which have been reported in these studies, should be subjected to more investigations

[Determination of chromosomal changes in DMBA-induced skin cancer in SD rat strains]

Skin cancer is one of the most important cancers in the world. This cancer is more common in men than women. We survey chromosomal changes in DMBA-induced skin cancer in SD rat strains. In this fundamental study, 20 SD rat strains were randomly divided into case and contal group. DMBA [2.5 mg] was injected to SD rat strains subcutaneously; therefore skin cancer model for studies was created. Tumors became subjects for cell culture and metaphase chromosomal were prepared. Finally g-banding were stained. We have also transmitted genomic information from rat to human using suitable databases and Gene were determined. Data showed numerical and frequent structural changes in different number of chromosomes. For example; gain in chromosomes number 1, 15, 17 and loss in 1, 7, 15, and also structural changes like deletion was seen in chromosomes number 1, 4, 8, 10, 15, 17, and addition in chromosome number 15. it is predicted that CST6, PRKCDBP, PTCH1, DKK3, BRMS1, CDKN1C, CD81, DMP1, CDKN2B, EEF1A1, HRAS, CASP2, KLF4 probably cause skin cancer

[ study of cancer incidence and cancer registration in Markazi province between 2001-2006 and comparison with national statistics, Iran]

Based on statistical and epidemiological studies, cancer is the third most common cause of death after heart diseases and accidents, therefore planning to control cancer is essential for public health. Cancer registration is an important part of cancer control, and the collected data could be useful in etiological studies, and health programming to prevent and treat the disease. In this study cancer incidence and cancer registration in Markazi province investigated. In this descriptive study, data related to cancer were collected from the health center of Markazi province, from 2001 to 2006. Then the prevalence and incidence of different kind of cancer were determined. Results showed that the top ten cancers among women were: 1-Breast 2-Skin 3-Stomach 4-Colorectal 5-Lung 6-Uterus 7-Bladder 8-Lymphoma 9-Thyroid 10-Esophagus, and the ten most prevalent cancers among men were: 1-Skin 2-Bladder 3-Stomach 4-Lung 5-Prostate 6-Colon and Colorectal 7-Esophagus 8-Lymphoma 9-Testes 10-Gall bladder. In this investigation we also compared cancer incidence and distribution in Markazi province with national rates and our results showed that in some years, cancer statistics is different from national statistics which it may be due to different environmental and epidemiological factors