ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cardiovascular complications are considered as the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. The role of increased serum concentrations of inflammatory markers, particularly C Reactive Protein [CRP], in the prediction and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications of type 1 diabetes has been established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks of L-carnitine supplementation and aerobic exercise training on serum levels of CRP in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Materials and Methods: Male wistar rats [n=36], weighing 230 +/- 10 [grams] were randomly divided into 6 groups [n=6 each], including the healthy group, and the remaining [after the induction of diabetes mellitus by injection of streptozotocin], into the diabetic pre-test, diabetic control, diabetic aerobic training, diabetic oral L-carnitine treatment, and the diabetic aerobic training plus oral L-carnitine treatment groups. At the end of the interventions, blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of CRP. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS version 20; P values<0.05 were considered significant
Results: Althought L-carnitine supplementation in diabetic oral L-carnitine treatment group did not significantly reduce serum levels of CRP, compared with the diabetic control group [p=0.078], it however reduced the rate of its progressive increase. Also significant reductions in CRP levels in both the aerobic training [p=0.00021] and the aerobic training plus L-carnitine supplementation groups [p<0.0001] were observed. However, the percentage changes of CRP level in the latter group was higher
Conclusion: Results of the current study show that, aerobic training can reduce serum CRP levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and the simultaneous use of L-carnitine supplementation, can lead to more beneficial effects
ABSTRACT
Background: Aerobic exercise stimulates the release of beta- endorphin and other endogenous opioid peptides that are induced influences of morphine and other receptors agonist's opioid peptides. Therefore, it may be reduced withdrawal sign and benefit in withdrawal period. The purpose of this study was investigated acute effects of swimming exercise on common behavior following withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats
Method: in this experimental study Male Wistar rats [250 +/- 20 g, N=24] in two group [control addiction, exercise trained addiction] were addicted by morphine sulfate 0.4 mg/ml [for 21 days] and animals were submitted to swimming training for 8 weeks;they initially swim 60 min for 3 weeks, then 90 min 2 weeks, finally 120 min for 3 weeks. At the end of each stage of exercise protocol we inject naloxan hydrochloride [3mg/kg.ip]. Behavioral symptoms [such as jumping, tearing, teeth chattering, diarrhea, and body tremors] were measured based on 45-minute in addicted animal. Analysis of variance with repeated measures [with the software SPSS] was used to analyze the data
Results: Our data showed that swimming exercise after 5 and 8 weeks acutely decreased withdrawal sign [p<0.05]. Withdrawal sign did not significantly change after 3 weeks of swimming exercise in addicted rats
Conclusion: Our data showed that swimming exercise after 8 weeks decreased Behavioral signs. Therefore, it can be used for the treatment and/or management of withdrawal conditions