ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: the effects of knee osteoarthritis on spatial, temporal and distance parameters of gait have been reviewed in the literature. But, the effect of osteoarthritis severity on gait parameters has not been clearly documented. The aim of this study was to compare the spatial, temporal and distance parameters in male patients according to severity of the knee osteoarthritis during gait
Materials and Methods: a Vicon [130 Hz] motion analysis system with four T-Series cameras was used to measure the spatial, temporal and distance parameters. Fifteen normal men and 30 patients with knee osteoarthritis participated in this study. According to Kellgren and Lawrence radiologic scale, patients were divided into three groups: mild [n = 10], moderate [n = 10] and severe [n = 10]. The spatiotemporal parameters of gait including cadence, double support, foot off, opposite foot contact, opposite foot off, single support, step length, step time, step width, stride length, stride time, walking speed, stance time and cycle time were calculated by Vicon Nexus 1.8.5 software. All data were then extracted by use of Polygon 3.5.1, Visual3D .v4 softwares. Using SPSS version 20, data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test [p<0.05]
Results: there were no significant differences in all temporospatial parameters between the healthy and patient groups [P>0.05]. There was a significant decrease in cadence, step length, stride length and walking speed, while, step time, stride time, stance time, double support time were longer in the patients
Conclusion: changes of spatial-temporal,-distance gait parameters in the patients with knee osteoarthritis particularly among those with severe osteoarthritis may lead to loss of stability during gait and consequently, a higher fall risk
ABSTRACT
Background: Aerobic exercise stimulates the release of beta- endorphin and other endogenous opioid peptides that are induced influences of morphine and other receptors agonist's opioid peptides. Therefore, it may be reduced withdrawal sign and benefit in withdrawal period. The purpose of this study was investigated acute effects of swimming exercise on common behavior following withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats
Method: in this experimental study Male Wistar rats [250 +/- 20 g, N=24] in two group [control addiction, exercise trained addiction] were addicted by morphine sulfate 0.4 mg/ml [for 21 days] and animals were submitted to swimming training for 8 weeks;they initially swim 60 min for 3 weeks, then 90 min 2 weeks, finally 120 min for 3 weeks. At the end of each stage of exercise protocol we inject naloxan hydrochloride [3mg/kg.ip]. Behavioral symptoms [such as jumping, tearing, teeth chattering, diarrhea, and body tremors] were measured based on 45-minute in addicted animal. Analysis of variance with repeated measures [with the software SPSS] was used to analyze the data
Results: Our data showed that swimming exercise after 5 and 8 weeks acutely decreased withdrawal sign [p<0.05]. Withdrawal sign did not significantly change after 3 weeks of swimming exercise in addicted rats
Conclusion: Our data showed that swimming exercise after 8 weeks decreased Behavioral signs. Therefore, it can be used for the treatment and/or management of withdrawal conditions