[Comparing the effect of feedback lecture and conventional lecture on the students' learning and satisfaction to teach intensive nursing cares]

Introduction: Although traditional lecture method is a good way to transfer knowledge and information; however, it is not a proper approach to teach complex and abstract subjects, prolonged learning, and higher level of learning such as analysis and synthesis. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of feedback lecture with traditional lecture on the students' learning and satisfaction in intensive nursing cares

Method: A quasi-experimental design was selected to conduct this study at school of nursing and midwifery affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences at the first academic year 2011. Twenty-six sessions of intensive nursing cares lesson were randomly allocated between feedback lecture as test group and traditional lecture as control group. The sample of the study consists of 33 nursing students at sixth semester of their academic years. Students' learning was evaluated by pre-test, posttest, mid-term and final exams. A valid and reliable form was used to assess the students' satisfaction and their perspective on teaching methods. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 and statistical t-test, Mann-Whitney test

Results: The findings showed a statistical significant difference in the mean scores of midterm and final exams between traditional lecture and feedback lecture [P=0.001]. Although the students were pleased with both of the teaching methods; however, a significant difference was observed in the students' satisfaction with feedback lecture [P<0.05]. Better comprehension of taught subject matters, preparation and pre-teaching study, immediate feedback and further acceptance of received comments from the students reported as positive educational outcomes of feedback lecture

Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that feedback lecture was more effective than the traditional lecture on students' learning. Based on the students' satisfaction and their suggestion to teach other subjects through feedback lectures, further studies are suggested to compare quality of learning through feedback lectures in other nursing courses

[Seroprevalence of hepatitis C in hemophilia patients refering to iran hemophilia society center in Tehran]

Hemophilia is a congenital disease resulting in deficiency of clotting factors. For this reason they have a constant need of clotting factors which makes them one of the largest consumers of blood products. Through this blood product use, many of these patients have become infected by hepatitis C virus [HCV]. We have studied the seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibody and HCV infection in hemophilic patients refereeing to Iran Hemophilia Society center in Tehran. In a cross-sectional study we reviewed files of all hemophilic patients registered in Iran Hemophilia Society center in Tehran from 2003 to 2005. Subjects with available results of anti-HCV antibody were included. Among the 1170 files examined, 1095 contained data on HCV infection status. From these, 802 subjects [72.3%] had anti-HCV antibodies. Genotype 1 was most common [60%] followed by genotype 3 [38%]. Almost 10% of patients with anti-HCV antibodies had a negative HCV RNA by PCR. HCV is very common among hemophilic patients and considering the risk for the patients and their contacts it is necessary to screen all hemophiliacs for HCV and treat if indicated

[Evaluation and management of penetrating neck trauma]

Because of the density of deep critical structures in neck and special anatomy, the choice of treatment and evaluation for penetrating neck trauma still remains controversial. This is a retrospective and descriptive study carried out in Imam Khomeini hospital over 5 years period on 65 patients with penetrating neck trauma. Demographic data of patients were investigated by using descriptive method. According to this study, penetrating neck trauma is more seen among young males injured with stab wounds in zone II of the neck. All negative surgical cases are due to injuries from stab wounds. On the basis of information gathered, damage to major neck vessels is the most usual injury and the only cause of death. In all patients who had evidence of damage in diagnostic evaluation, the problem also found during operation. Patients who didn't have any evidence of injury in diagnostic evaluations and didn't undergo surgery, discharged without any complication. While evaluating and treating patients with penetrating neck trauma in situations without critical conditions and available diagnostic instruments, using them because of their accuracy specially for areas with complicated anatomy for surgery [zone I, III] and also using continuous clinical examination in vulnerable neck areas [zone II] is safe and practical

prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection by molecular analysis of urine samples in women attending OB and GYN clinics in Tehran

Chlamydia trachomatis is a common and curable STI which can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Nowadays, PCR is a very sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting Chlamydia in urine and can be used in routine screening procedures as a noninvasive test. There are few studies on the prevalence of C. trachomatis in Iranian women and most of them have small sample sizes which are not suitable for epidemiological deductions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of urogenital C. trachomatis infections by PCR on urine samples of women in their fertility years and to evaluate the necessity of screening for asymptomatic infections in Iranian women. This WHO supported descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 1052, 15-49 year-old women. Participants were selected randomly from attendees of 5 Obstetric-Gynecologic clinics in Tehran during summer and fall of 2003. The research material consisted of a questionnaire and urine samples which were transported to Avesina Research Institute daily to extract their DNA and prepare them for PCR tests. The gathered data were analyzed by SPSS, version 11, and evaluated statistically by t-test, Chi-square, variance analysis and logistic regression, while considering p<0.05 as significant. The mean age of participants was 28.52 +/- 6.36 years. 56.2% of them had high school education, 94.2% were married, 91.8% were housewives, 32.5% were pregnant, 93.8% were sexually active, 99% of them were monogamous and 48.1% were on contraceptive methods. Among sexually active and non-pregnant participants, 10.4% were taking OCPs, 8.7% were using condoms, 16.3% had IUDs and the rest were on other contraceptive methods. In their reproductive history, 39% had vaginal discharges, 12.9% pelvic pains, 1% ectopic pregnancies, 21.2% abortions, 6.5% premature deliveries, 2.7% low birth weight infants and 7.2% were infertile. 129 subjects, [12.3%], had positive PCR tests. Statistically, there was no significant relationship between subjects, reproductive and personal histories of the subjects with the test results. Based on the estimated prevalence, it seems that chlamydial infection is prevalent in the studied population. In populations with prevalences higher than 4%, screening programs are recommended, so that Chlamydia screening can be considered as a part of health care programs in Iran to reduce the burden of the disease

[Occurance and intensity of parasites from pike [Esox lucius, Linnaeus, 1758 ] in Amir kelaieh Lagoon]

Objective: To study the prevalence and mean intensity of parasites from pike, [Esox lucius] in Amir Kelaieh Lagoon

Design: Descriptive study

Animals: A total of 78 pikes

Procedure: Cutting the wall of body cavity and removing viscera which include intestine, liver, ovaries, testis and etc to isolate the parasites, cutting the muscles and finding the cysts of the parasites in them, fixing the metazoans by formalin 10% and protozoans by schaudinn's fluids, clearing the nematodes by lactophenol, staining the other parasites by acetocarmine and identifying them by identification keys [Moravec, 1994 ; Bykhovskaya and Pavlovskaya, 1962] . Statistical analysis: Calculating the prevalence, mean intensity and range of the parasites by Microsoft Excel and comparing infections based on season, sex and age by Z test and One Way Anova test [P0.05]

Results: Collection of ten different parasite species from pikes of the lagoon including Raphidascaris acus [prevalence = 26.9%, mean intensity = 8.7] ; Camallanus lacustris [p = 6.4%, mi = 1.8] ; Eustrongylides excisus [p =2.6%, mi = 1]; Triaenophorus crassus [p=9%, mi=2.7] ;Trichodina sp. [p = 1.28%, mi=10] ; Tetraonchus monenteron [p = 20.5%, mi = 12] ; Diplostomum spathaceum [p = 7.7, mi = 3.6] Lemaea sp. [p= 2.6%, mi] ; Argulus sp. [p =3.8%, mi = 1.33] ; piscicola .sp. [p =1.28%, mi = I]

Conclusion: The results of the survey showed that the parasite community of pike had much diversity due to piscivorous diet of the fish and the parasites which had vertebrate [fish] intermediate hosts, including Eustrongylides excisus. Raphidascaris acus and etc. the prevalence and mean intensity of Raphidascaris acus were more than other parasites . Camallanus lacustris is reported for the first time from pike in Iran

Role of Family History of Neoplastic Disorders in 100 Patients with Primary Breast Cancer

To find whether the family history of neoplasia is a risk factor for breast cancer [BC] in Iran, 100 patients with primary BC were studied. The mean +/- SD of age of the patients was 50 +/- 11 years. In 52% of them left and in 48% right breast was involved. The most frequent pathologic classification was infiltrating ductal carcinoma [IDC]. Tumour size ranged between 0.4 to 6 centimeters. Sixty two% of the subjects had axillary lymph node involvement, and 42% had family history of at least one neoplastic disorder, excluding breast cancers in their pedigrees. The total number of neoplasias was 108 in which BC 27%, colon, uterus, and leukaemia, each 7% were among the more frequent cancers in the pedigrees, and among 29 cases with BC, 19 pedigrees had just one case of BC. The origin of neoplasia was more maternal, with maternal/paternal ratio of 34/6. Comparative study using 100 healthy control subjects, revealed a strong association between a family history of any neoplasia and occurrence of breast cancer in family [crude OR = 7.63 with P = 0.0001; in cases 42 out of 100 had family history of neoplasia versus 9 out of 100 in controls]. Further studies needed to evaluate the role of family history of neoplastic disorders for the risk of developing BC