Toxic effects of trichloroethylene on the lung

This study aimed to investigate the effect of trichloroethylene on the lung ofalbino rats histopathologically and ultrastructurally. The experimentalanimals were divided into three treated groups. One group was administeredtrichloroethylene as a single dose [2000 mg/kg] intraperitoneally. The secondand third treated groups received trichloroethylene as repeated doses [1000mg/kg] intraperitoneally every other day for two and four weeks, respectively. Light microscopy of lungs of the first group exhibited variable degenerativechanges including lining epithelium of bronchioles. Electron microscopicexamination revealed a dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, distension ofperinuclear cisternae and disorientation of mitochondria. Lung of the secondand third groups exhibited variable necrotic changes including bronchiolarepithelium and diffuse interstitial fibrosis in the alveolar zone resulting ina thickening of alveolar septa and distortion of lung structure. Electronmicroscopy revealed cellular changes similar to those in the first group, butof varying degrees. Additionally, there were parenchymal changes includingtype II alveolar cells, which had reduced the numbers of lamellar bodies anddistortion of the microvilli. These results demonstrated thattrichloroethylene is pneumotoxic and affects bronchiolar epithelial andalveolar type II cells

Histopathological study of repeated sublethal electrical injuries in albino rats

This work aimed to study histopathological changes resulting after repeatedexposure to sublethal electric shocks in albino rats. The experimentalanimals were divided into three groups: Group I was exposed to electricalstimulations [220 volts for one second] one hour apart/day for one day; Groups II and III were exposed to the same electrical stimulations/day for twoand three successive days, respectively. Lung, heart, brain, liver, kidney, testis and skin [at the site of entry of current] were dissected out andprocessed for paraffin blocks. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and Eosin for histopathological examination. Light microscopy of lung revealedvascular congestion with interalveolar and intraalveolar hemorrhage of varyingdegrees in all groups. Cardiac muscle exhibited petechial hemorrhage in group II [80%] and group III [90%] with focal streaming of nuclei in group III [80%]. Brain tissue exhibited focal petechial hemorrhage and dilatedperivascular spaces in group II [60%] and group III [70%]. Liver exhibitedoccasional hepatocellular necrosis in group III [50%]. Kidney, testicular andskin tissues were within normal limits in all groups

Patho - physiological considerations on rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm and extensive instantaneous cadaveric rigor

Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm and extensive instantaneous cadaveric rigor arenormal muscle contraction of medicolegal importance. Their formation wasattributed to complete depletion of ATP from muscle tissue. Rigor mortis wasrecognized as a supravital reaction, while the exact mechanism of developmentof other forms of rigor is still unclear. Recently, one case of each type ofinstantaneous cadaveric rigor was recorded. Accordingly, the physiologicalbasis of muscle contraction was questioned to get an explanation for themechanism of their formation. It was concluded that instantaneous rigor is anerve connected muscle tetenization evoked by prolonged repeated highfrequency reverberating impulses from within the neuronal pools of the centralnervous system. This conclusion would be of importance to explain why suchtypes of rigor might be initiated by causes other than violent emotions

Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage: part 1: mechanical relations and derived factors incorporated in the mechanism of arterial wall disruption

This work presented a simple treatment of the problem of arterialwall mechanics, when becomes stressed beyond its maximal distensibilityutilizing the available criteria of fluid mechanics and arterial wallmechanics. The inferred equations derived in this study revealed the need for a further application to establish such a mechanical relationship and explained the mechanism of arterial wall disruption

Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage part II computer study of the relevant factors incorporated in the mechanism of arterial wall disruption

Histological observation on the in-vivo and the in-vitro vertebral arterydisruption indicated that arterial rupture stars at the innermost layers ofthe wall. In this study, a computer structure plane comprising thepreviously derived equation on arterial wall mechanics, blood density, bloodflow volume/m, and measurement of fifty vertebral arteries was used in anattempt to give an explanation for the noticed pattern of arterial walldisruption. Mathematical results showed that 86% of the mathematicaldistending pressure stand at the range of physiological pressure, or at thepulse pressure; also, that beyond maximal distensibility, the developed waterhammer pressure wave caused inner radial displacement to a new position withinthe thickness of the incompressible maximally distended wall, i.e. theinnermost layer of the wall become vanished. This result might explain themechanism of arterial wall disruption observed in cases of traumaticsubarachnoid hemorrhage

Synthesis of certain benzimidazole derivatives structurally related to antituberculous agents

Incorporation of an acid hydrazide, N2 substituted acid hydrazide or N4 substituted sulphonamide residues into a benzamidazole residue in a way fulfilling the required pattern for antituberculous activity in most antituberculous agents, with special reference to the highly potent isonicotinic acid hydrazide, has been achieved. This was verified via a 4-aminobenzoic acid or 4-aminobenzenesulphonamide link, which might create a type of competition between 4-aminobenzoic acid as a bacterial metabolite and the group of compounds

Serum bilirubin level in newborn of diabetic and hypertensive mothers

A total number of 140 newborn infants were studied for bilirubin levels. They were divided to forty infants of diabetic mothers [20 oxytocin induced labour and 20 oxytocin augmented], 40 infants of hypertensive mothers [20 oxytocin induced and 20 augmented labours] and 60 controls [20 induced, 20 augmented and 20 with no oxytocin given]. It was found that total and unconjugated bilirubin levels were higher in infants delivered after induction of labour, whether they were diabetic, hypertensive or not, than in infants of non induced labours. Bilirubin levels were also mildly high in infants of augmented diabetics after delivery which was nullified after 24 hours. These results suggest that the increased bilirubin levels are related to induced labours rather than to the medical problem of the mothers, provided that the newborns are of average weight