[Efficacy of Clotrimazole, Nystatin and Povidone Iodine in traetment of patients with vaginal candidiasis]

Vaginal candidiasis is one of the most frequent infections of the female genital tract in different countries. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of clotrimazile, nystatin and povidone iodine [betadine] in treatment of vaginal candidiasis in patients referred to gynecologic clinics of Mashhad. This is a clinical trial study on wemon referring to gynecologic clinics in Ghaem, Imam Reza, Imam Zaman and Ali - e - bn - e - Abi taleb centers, for vaginal discharge. Vaginal candidiasis was confirmed by direct fresh smear, Papanicolao staining, gram staining and culture. Among 300 cases, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 130 pateints suffering from vaginal candidiasis were selected. Each received either vaginal tablets of clotrimazole, nystatin or vaginal gel of betadine randomly. Among 300 patients suffering from vaginitis symptoms, candidiasis was confirmed only in 43% of the cases, most of them between 25-35 years old. Clotrimazole was more effective than betadine clinically. There was no significant difference between nystatin, clotrimazole or betadine in treatment of patients. Betadine side effects were more prominant compared to clotrimazole and nystatine. It is concluded that compared to betadine, clotrimazole and nystatin are safer in treatment of vaginal candidiasis and because of shorter duration of treatment, usage of clotrimazole is more reasonable in treatment of vaginal candidiasis compared to nystatin and betadine

Effect of moderate and severe anemia on fetal cerebral hemodynamic

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of moderate and severe anemia on fetal cerebral hemodynamic. prospective study. This study was carried out in Al-Hussein University Hospital, from May 2003 to May 2004. The study carried out on 30 pregnancies with moderate anemia [maternal hemoglobin level less than 10 gm/dl and more than 6 gm/dl] group I and 6 pregnancies with severe anemia [maternal hemoglobin level less than 6 gm/dl] group II. Group II only with severe anemia was admitted to Al-Hussein Hospital. All pregnant women and fetuses were investigated on the first visit, doppler ultrasound was carried out on umbilical and cerebral fetal blood vessels and re-evaluated after treatment. The cerebral and umbilical doppler indices, amniotic fluid index and biometry were lower in group II at first visit. After treatment, the cerebral index and the cerebral to umbilical resistance ratio increased only in group II. Severe anemia leads to fetal cerebral vasodilatation and reduced amniotic fluid volume

Clinical appearance, leishmanin test and elisa using monoclonal antibody in diagnosis of different forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis [CL] has 2 principal clinical forms in Iran: Anthroponotic and Zoonotic. These forms, previously called Dry and wet forms, are caused by Leishmania tropica and L. major respectively. Formerly, diagnosis of different forms was based on epidemiological status and clinical signs; but at present, definite diagnosis by advanced laboratory tests such as ELISA and Isoenzyme methods is possible. In order to investigate correlation between ELISA test, clinical appearance, and skin test, a study was undertaken in Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad

Material and Methods: The study population was selected among the volunteers who had suspected skin lesions for C.L. Direct smear, culture and Leishmanin skin test was performed for 153 patients. ELISA using specific monoclonal antibodies [SMA] performed species determination

Results: The minimum and maximum ages of the patients were 19 months and 97 years old respectively. Most of the patients were Females [63.9%]. Among 72 patients whose cutaneous lesions were approved for Leishmaniasis, 91.6% had ulcers with dry appearance and 8.4% had appearance of wet form C.L. The etiologic agents isolated from the skin lesions of the latter patients were L.tropica [66.6%], L.major [28.8%] and unknown form [4.2%]. Among the patients who had skin lesions with wet appearance, the isolated agents were L.tropica [5.6%], L.major [1.4%] and unknown form [1.4%]. The sensitivity of Leishmanin Skin Test was higher in-patients infected by L. major

Conclusion: ELISA method using SMA is a sensitive and reliable test for differential diagnosis of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis [ACL] and Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis [ZCL]. Both ACL and ZCL are present in Mashhad. ACL is three times more prevalent than ZCL. Clinical appearance is not a valid factor for determination of species of Leishmania. The sensitivity of Leishmanin Skin Test is higher in wet form in relation to dry form. There may be other species of Leishmania causing cutaneous lesions in Mashhad

Relation between pityrosporosis and blood lipids

Introduction: Pityrosporosis is a prevalent superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by Malassezia SPP, which is a part of normal skin flora. This organism is a lipophilic and lipid dependent yeast which transforms in to a pathogenic mycelial form under specific conditions. Considering the previous studies, there may be a relation between blood lipids and pityrosporosis, a prospective study was undertaken over a 12 months period in the Departments of Mycology, Dermatology and Biochemistry, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad

Materials and Methods: The population of study was randomly selected as the following groups:

Group 1: 50 patients suffering from severe pityrosporosis

Group 2: 50 individuals with negative direct smear for Pityrosporum ovale

Group 3: 50 persons with high level of cholesterol and triglyceride in their blood serum examination

Group 4: 50 individuals with normal level of cholesterol and triglyceride in their blood serum examination

A questionnaire was completed for each individual. Direct stained skin smear [methylen blue] and blood serum examination for cholesterol and triglyceride were performed for all 4 groups by RA-1000 system

Results: The results showed that:

1. In 28% of Patients with pityrosporosis, total cholesterol levels were higher than normal which showed a significant difference in comparison with the control group

2. In 22% of patients, triglyceride levels were higher than normal which showed a significant difference in comparison with the control group

3. In 32% of patients, LDL-C levels were higher than normal which showed a significant difference in comparison with the control group

4. There was no significant relationship between HDL-C levels and the group suffering from pityrosporosis

5. In those patients suffering only from hyperlipidemia, pityrosporosis was uncommon

Conclusion: On the basis of statistical analysis, it is concluded that there is a relation between pityrosporosis and blood levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride LDL-C, therefore control of blood levels of lipids possibly can be effective in prophylaxis and treatment of pityrosporosis