Amino acid and peptide derivatives as anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory agents

It was proved that current anti-allergic drugs comprise piperazine and acrylic acid segments. These compounds were structurally designed as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors depending on two action mechanisms of the ready drugs used to treat allergy e.g.[Oxatomide], which contains piperzine moiety, its anti-allergic effects possess antagonist activities against chemical mediators such as histamine, serotonine and leukotrienes [which cause allergy]. Also, [Tranilast], which contains acrylic acid segment; its activity depends on inhibition of mediator release. In harmony with these findings new structures having anti-allergic properties are proposed in this manuscript. New products, [5a-u] with expected better biological activities and decreased side effects were synthesized by the addition of an amino acid conjugate of cinnamic acid to a piperazine segment. Their anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. Most of them show promising activities

Interactions between VA mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae, bradyrhizobium japonicum and pseudomonas syringae in soybean plants

The interactions between VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, in the presence or absence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on some physiological parameters of soybean plants were investigated. The results revealed that co- inoculation of G. mosseae with B. japonicum increased the shoot dry weight, nodulation, accumulated nitrogen and phosphorus as well as nitrate reductase activity in soybean plants. G. mosseae prevented P. syringae from infecting soybean plants and improved the plants growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation and nitrate reductase activity. The presence of the mycorrhizal fungus suppressed the population density of the pathogenic bacterium in the rhizosphere of soybean plants. The mycorrhiza increased the plant resistance to P. syringae more prominently in the presence of B. japonicum

Influence of flavonoid compounds on va mycorrhiza glomus mosseae and alfalfa plants

The effect of flavonoid compounds on germination and growth of Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in vitro as well as root colonization and growth of alfalfa [Medicago sativa] were studied. The study showed that the isoflavone [formononetin] stimulated germination and hyphal growth when applied at 5 mgl-1, while the flavone [chrysin] and the flavanone [hesperetin] significantly inhibited germination and hyphal growth at all applied concentrations. G. mosseae alone or coupled with formononetin significantly increased alfalfa growth, shoot nitrogen content, nodulation and root colonization with mycorrhizal fungus. The response was highly apparent when plants were treated with the fungus and the isoflavone. Nitrate reductase activity increased in alfalfa roots infected with G. Mosseae and slightly affected by the isoflavone. Peroxidae activity was highest in presence of mycorrhizal fungus and in presence or absence of formononetin

Interaction of cultural conditions of streptomyces species, with or without their metabolites, on growth and nodulation of soybean plant

In pot experiments, the effect of treatment with plain medium of Streptomyces, containing various nitrogen sources, revealed a significant increase in fresh and dry weight of the leaves, stem and roots of soybean plants, in absence or presence of Rhizobium japonicum. The results showed more elevation due to treatment with the culture filtrates of either Streptomyces violo-chromogenes or Streptomyces glaucescens, in absence or presence of Rhizobium except treatment with culture filtrate of S. glaucescens on medium IV, in presence of Rhizobium, which induced a slight suppression in fresh and dry weight of the leaves, stem and root. In most cases, addition of culture filtrate of either organisms, growth on the test media caused an increase in number, total fresh and dry weight of root nodules of soybean plants

Synthesis of some sulphonyl amino acid derivatives with evaluation of their anti-microbial activity

Ethyl ester of glycine, L-phenyl-alanine, L-valine and/or DL- methionine were allowed to react with 3-benzyl-sulphonopropanoic acid to yield the corresponding 3-benzyl-sulphono-N-propanamide derivatives [III-VI], respectively. Methyl ester of L-valine, L-leucine, L- phenyl-alanine and/or N-carbobenzoxy-L, 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid were also reacted with 4-phenylsulphono-butanoic acid to yield the corresponding 4-phenyl-sulphono-N-butanamide derivatives [XV-XVIII], respectively. The N-substituted amino acid esters [III-VI and/or XV- XVIII] were allowed to react with hydrazine hydrate to give the hydrazides of the type [VII-X and XIX-XXII], respectively, which in turn were condensed with isonicotinaldehyde to give the corresponding hydrazones [XI-XIV and XXIII-XXVI]. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds was also investigated

Effect of certain juvenile hormones on the development of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis [boisd]

The effect of the synthetic juvenile hormone JH-I and the juvenile hormone analogue ZR-520 on Spodoptera littoralis was studied. The last larval instar was the most susceptible to the hormone treatment. The effect of the two hormones varied according to the larval age and the concentration of the hormone used. High juvenilizatians were attained when the last larval instar was fed on the hormones throughout the larval stage. Juvenilizations in the form of varied anomalies were observed in the larval, pupal and adult stages

Effect of the juvenoid on ovarian development of Spodoptera littoralis [boisduval] moths

The larval treatment with ZR-520 has its effect on the adult ovary of Spodoptera littoralis. Small undeveloped ovaries were found in female moths. Several anatomical and histological abnormalities were seen. Reduction in the number of oocytes, variations in their sizes and shapes and the difficulty in distinguishing between oocytes and nurse cells are among the anatomical anomalies. Changes occurring in the shape and position of the oocytes and the nurse cells in the ovariole; absence of the nurse cells and the presence of degenerated oocytes are among the histological anomalies. Connected follicles and follicles with no epithelia were additional anomalies