Comparison of protection induced by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis toxoid and BCG vaccines in lambs

A total of 460 sheep in 3 distinct age/sex groups were examined to determine the occurrence of caseous lymphadenitis in Beni Suef Governorate. The results confirmed that frequency increased with age but also revealed increases in extent of involvement and occurrence of visceral lesion, particularly in association with lesion in the body. An attempt was conducted to evaluate the immunogenic value of toxoid [prepared from C. pseudotuberculosis field isolate] and BCG used in sheep farms. Application of ELISA revealed slight increase in antibody response to toxoid and BCG vaccines prior to challenge, however, at week 7 [1 week post challenge] there was statistical significance elevation of antibody titre in group A vaccinated with toxoid over group B vaccinated with BCG [P < 0.05]. The capacity for induction of memory is a better indicator of vaccine performance and is most effectively assessed by challenge in the natural host. The protection rates post challenge were 71.4%, 42.9% and 14.3% for lambs immunized with toxoid, BCG and non vaccinated group respectively. Generally, the toxoid vaccine [prepared from field isolate] has been shown to confer high but not absolute degree of protection against caseous lymphadenitis and was more efficient than BCG. In sheep, it is likely that a short period of expression is insufficient to induce strong immune response in vivo

Molecular characterization of hair cuticle and its extracted proteins in seven mammalian species

Hair is an of the epidermis in mammals and consists of two large groups of human hair proteins. One is hard -keratins and the other is matrix proteins. The present investigation aimed to compare the ultrastructural of the hair scale using the scanning electron microscope, and the proteins and amino acids content of the keratin in seven mammalian species. The values of the hair thickness, x/y feret and hair pattern of the species in the present study confirm the presence of species-specific characteristics and ultra structural variation. The situation in man differs from the wild mammals due to damage of hair cuticle caused by mechanical abuse, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and chemical over processing. The maximum amount of extracted proteins from hair keratin was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The electrophoretic patterns showed an overall degree of similarity. However, differences exist between species in the intensity of stain. Quantitatively, the electrophoretic patterns scanned and analyzed using gel protein analyzer. The results showed no difference between the molecular mass of some species, but different in molecular mass distribution. Amino acid composition of keratin of mammalian hair species of the present study showed some variation, especially for methionine, isoleucine, lysine and arginine. The other amino acids studied are significantly present in most hair. One of the later amino acid is cysteine. Cysteine is a very important due to the presence of disulfate cross-links

new antidiabetic drug restoring normal insulin secretion from beta-cells and normal histology

A benzimidazole derivative was prepared and evaluated as antidiabetic drug. It was found to be nontoxic to albino mice up to dose of 3200 mg/kg body weight. It had no hypoglycemic activity but it was found to cause beta-cell regeneration in alloxanoised rats. Measuring blood glucose levels and insulin levels in treated alloxanoised rats were found to reach normal levels after treatment. In addition histological examination of the pancreas from treated alloxanoised rats showed normal islets of langerhans with normal morphology of beta-cells