ABSTRACT
Aim: To isolate and identify Listeria monocytogenes from frozen and shock frozen raw dressed broiler chicken in Khartoum State, Sudan. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum-North, Sudan, between July 2011 and June 2012. Methodology: Eight hundred samples were used in this the study. Five hundred frozen (-18º) raw dressed broiler chickens samples were collected from five station chicken abattoirs in Khartoum State. Three hundred samples were collected as fresh, -18ºC and shock frozen (-40ºC) raw dressed broiler chickens. Detection and isolation of L. monocytogenes was carried out using the conventional International Organization for Standardization method. Results: Out of the 500 samples, 195(39%) were found to be contaminated with Iisteria spp.; L. monocytogenes 64(12.8%), Listeria ivanovii 97(19.4%), Listeria grayi 20(4%), Listeria seeligeri 5(1%), Listeria welshimeri 9(1.8%). Out of the 300 samples, 111(37%) were found to be contaminated with Iisteria spp.; L. monocytogenes 39(13%), Listeria ivanovii 54(18%), Listeria grayi 11(3.6%), Listeria seeligeri 3(1%) and Listeria welshimeri 4(1.3%). Conclusion: The results presented in this study indicated that L. monocytogenes was found in frozen (-18ºC) raw dressed broiler chicken and shock frozen (-40ºC) raw dressed broiler chickens.
ABSTRACT
Background: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage [PTBD] is effective in the management of biliary obstruction. PTBD can he used as an alternative to endoscopic approach when it is unavailable, or unsueecssful due to anatomical variations or technical difficulty
Objectives: To evaluate the success rare, complications, morbidity and mortality in patients with inoperable malignant obstructive jaundice treated with PTBD with or without stenting
Subjects and methods: 67 percutaneous transhiepatic biliary procedures were performed for forty five selected patients with inoperable malignant extrahepatic cholestasis, in total there were 21 male [46.7%] and 21 female [53.3%] patients. The mean age was 69 years and ranged from 48-88 ears. These patients were subdivided into three equal groups according to the planned drainage for internal-external drainage, external drainage or metallic stenting. Statistical analysis included Chi square test, values were considered significant when P values 0.05
Results: The overall technical success rate was 83% while the overall therapeutic success was 86.6% with the best results [100%] reported in the group of metallic stenting. There was no procedure related mortality in the different groups. The overall immediate, early and late complications were 20%, 29% and 20% respectively, with the highest complications rate reported ill group of external drainage. The overall 30 days mortality was 26.7% with the highest incidence was reported in the group of external drainage [53.3%]
Conclusion: PTBD and stenting oiler a sale and effective method in providing palliative treatment for patients with malignant biliary obstruction
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stents , Drainage/statistics & numerical data , Drainage/instrumentation , Liver Neoplasms , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Jack bean urease was successfully immobilized on cyanuric chloride- cellulose ether with 72% activity relative to the free enzyme. Both free and immobilized enzymes exhibited pH optima values of 7.0, and Michaelis constant [Km] values for the substrate of 4.20 and 9.09 mM, respectively. Temperature stability of the immobilized enzyme was improved. At 65C, the free enzyme completely lost its activity after 105 min, while the immobilized enzyme retained 57.3%. All of the examined divalent metal ions at 1 mM concentration caused a partial inhibition of both free and immobilized enzymes on the other and 1 mM, Cu2+ as well as low concentrations [0.2 mM] of Co2+ and Ni2+ caused various degrees of activation of the immobilized enzyme. Except for Hg2+, the inhibitory effect of most divalent metal ions was reversible by intensive wash. The immobilized enzyme had good storage at 4C and good reusability