Primary immuno-deficiencies in pediatrics

Introduction: There are many different types of primary immunodeficiency syndromes, with an overall prevalence of one in every 2,000 children in the United States. These syndromes are broadly classified as B-cell, T-cell, phagocytic, complement, or combined immunodeficiency disorders, mainly affecting children from a very young age

Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE from January 1987 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: immunodeficiency syndromes, B-cell disorder, T-cell disorder, complement disorder, phagocytic diseases, diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency, newborn screening

Aim of the work: In this study we aimed to understand the various common types of primary immunodeficiency syndromes, and also study their diagnosis and screening methods

Conclusion: Early diagnosis with the help of newborn screening and data recording can help in reducing significant mortality and morbidity of children born with such disorders. Primary health care providers and pediatricians must keep a high degree of suspicion as many times the presentation can be subtle

Surgical intervention versus endoscopy in the treatment of bile duct stones

Bile duct stones [BDSs] may happen in up to 4%-15% of all patients for whom cholecystectomy is performed. Patients giving CBDS have manifestations including: biliary colic, jaundice, cholangitis, pancreatitis or might be asymptomatic. It is critical to recognize essential and auxiliary stones, in light of the fact that the treatment approach shifts. Stones found some time recently, amid, and after cholecystectomy had likewise contrasting medicines. Distinctive strategies have been utilized for the treatment of CBDS yet the appropriate treatment relies on upon conditions, for example, quiet' fulfilment, number and size of stones, and the specialists involvement in laparoscopy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with or without endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, laparoscopic CBD investigation [transcystic or transcholedochal], or laparotomy with CBD investigation [by T-tube, C-tube inclusion, or essential conclusion] are the most regularly utilized strategies overseeing CBDS [Common bile duct stones]. We will survey the pathophysiology of bile duct stones, finding, and distinctive procedures of treatment with particular concentrate on the different surgical modalities