Influence of pre-exposure to chlorpyrifos on the experimentally induced hyperlipidemia and its management with an antihyperlipidemic drug

Hyperlipidemia has long been suspected to contribute to atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis related diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Tyloxapol [Triton WR 1339] is anon-ionic detergent. It blocks plasma lipolytic activity, and thus the breakdown of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Fenofibrate is mainly used to reduce cholesterol levels in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Chiorpyrifos is a toxic crystalline organophosphate insecticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase and is used to control insects and pests. This work aimed for studying the influence of short term daily oral administration of a chlrorpyrifos insecticide on the induction of experimental model of hyperlipidemia induced by tyloxapol [triton WR 1339]. 80 Sprague Dawley female rats of 110-200 gm body weight were used in this study. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were withdrawn after fasting for 18 hour for the analysis of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein. The results showed that Tyloxapol single oral dose induced significant increase in the total lipids, and high density lipoprotein, while it caused a significant decrease in the low density lipoprotein level. Repeated oral administration of chlorpyrifos caused significant increase of the triglycerides level and significant decrease of low density lipoprotein. Treatment of rats by single oral dose of fenofibrate caused a significant decrease in triglycerides value and an insignificant decrease in the low density lipoprotein level. Tyloxapol [surfactant] and chlorpyrifos [insecticide] altered lipid content and lipoprotein composition and consequently dramatic and sharp changes in the levels of lipid profiles were obtained. Treatment by hypolipidemic fenofibrate single oral dose was found to decrease each of total lipids. triglycerides. cholesterol. HDL and LDL cholesterols. Compared to insecticide plus tyloxapol mixed treatment. Attention should be paid to the possible toxic interaction between organophosphate insecticide and persons who are at high risk of blood lipids abnormalities

Influence of pre-exposure to temephos and pyriproxyfen on the pharmacological action of some laxatives

The aim of the present work is to study the influence of short term daily oral exposure to temephos or pyriproxyfen on the pharmacological action [percent gastric emptying and small bowel transit] of 2 laxatives [lactulose and picolax] in male adult rats. The animals were fed normal diet [1[st] main group], or diet containing 50 times the maximum human acceptable daily intake of either temephos [2[nd] main group], or pyriproxyfen [3[rd] main group] for 15 consecutive days. In the 16[st] day the control group [1[st] main group] was subdivided into 4 subgroups: - First subgroup: given orally 1.5 ml of tested meal [0.5 mg phenol red / 1ml 5% glucose solution] and the animals were sacrificed immediately. - Second subgroup: given 1.5ml of the tested meal but sacrificed after 30 min. - Third and fourth subgroup: given 0.643 or 0.2 ml of lactulose or picolax / 100gm body weight and 30 min. later, animals were given the test meal and after another 30 min. the; animals were sacrificed and the% gastric emptying and small intestine transit were determined. Second and third main groups were subdivided to 3 subgroups given orally the test meal, lactulose, picoltax, respectively and sacrificed after 30 min. Results showed that - temephos and pyriproxyfen negatively interfere with the pharmacological action of lactulose as they sharply decrease its laxative action. - Temephos decrease the laxative action of picolax while pyriproxyfen showed no detectable effects

Influence of imiprothrin and diflubenzuron on an atopic disease model induced by bordetella pertussis and hiberix vaccines in mice

Atopic diseases seemed to merge as a dramatic clinical problem especially in developing and poor countries. This work aimed to study the possible influence of the insecticides imiprotherin and difubenzuron on the atopic phenomenon induced by Bordetella pertusis [B-p] and Hiberix vaccines. Swiss albino mice were fed on insecticide free diet, imiprothrin or difubenzuron containing diet. The insecticide concentrations were ten times the acceptable daily intake given for four weeks. Animals were vaccinated either with B-p. or Hiberix vaccines in single or repeated doses and blood eosinophil counts were then determined. The results revealed that: - Severe eosinopenia appeared in animals fed by diet containing imiprotherin or diflubenzuron compared with animals fed by insecticide free diet [before vaccination]. - Single or repeated vaccination with either B-p or Hiberix induced a phase of eosinopenia followed by an eosinophilic phase in animals fed insecticides free diet. - Single or repeated vaccination with either B-p or Hiberix induced continuous phase of eosinophilia in animals fed imiprothrin or diflubenzuron containing diet, which was more potentiated compared with control group. - The onset of eosinophilia starts first day after vaccination

Effect of permethrin on the experimentally induced diabetes and on its management with some antidiabetic drugs

The aim of the present work was to study the influence of permethrin [a synthetic pyrithroid insecticide] on the experimentally induced diabetes and on the antidiabetic effects of some may be faced by man, as it is equivalent to 10 times, the acceptable daily intake. Male Albino rats were divided into 2 main groups, control group [fed normal diet] and permethrin treated group [fed diet containing 21.7 ppm, permethrin] for 30 days. At the day 31, the animals of each group were subdivided to 8 groups as following 1- No further treatment. 2- Treatment by insulin [10M U/100gm S.C.]. 3- Treatment by glibenclamide [0.5 mg/kg, orally]. 4- Treatment by metformin [71.4 mg/kg. Orally] 5- Treatment by alloxan [120 mg/kg, S.C.]. 6- Treatment by alloxan + insulin. 7- Treatment by alloxan + glibenclamide. 8- Treatment by alloxan + metformin. The obtained results regarding blood glucose level showed that 1- Permethrin increased blood glucose level by 17.882%. 2- In normally fed groups [control], insulin and glibenclamide reduced the blood glucose level by 58.078% and 73.496%, respectively while metformin showed no effects 3- In permethrin treated groups, insulin and glibenclamide reduced the blood glucose level by 32.768% and 79.871%, respectively, while metformin slightly increased this level by 5.510%. 4- Alloxan induced increase in blood glucose levels by 88.435% and 69.154% in control and permethrin treated animals. 5- In case of experimentally induced diabetes, both insulin and glibenclamide, caused an equal decrease of glucose level in control and permethrin treated animals. On the other hand metformin induced a decrease in blood glucose level of normally fed animals but not in permethrin treated animals