Phytochemical composition, biological potential and enzyme inhibition activity of Scandix pecten-veneris L / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#Scandix pecten-veneris L. is a less studied wild edible herb and is considered an extinct plant species in many parts of the world. This study was designed to evaluate its phytochemical composition and biological potential of S. pecten-veneris L.@*METHODS@#Phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins were determined in extracts of S. pecten-veneris. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while reducing power was tested by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and four fungal strains was evaluated using agar well diffusion assay. Enzymes inhibition study was performed for urease, phosphodiesterase-I, and catalase-II.@*RESULTS@#S. pecten-veneris showed moderate antiradical activity and reducing potential of hydroxyl radicals to about 20% of the initial value. The antioxidant activity of various extracts of S. pecten-veneris showed a linear correlation with total phenolic contents in the order of water>n-butanol>chloroform>ethyl acetate>methanol extracts. S. pecten-veneris leaves showed the highest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus while the highest antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans. The plant extract was most potent against urease enzymes but showed moderate activity against phosphodiestrase-I and carbonic anhydrase-II.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our data demonstrate that in addition to its culinary uses, S. pecten-veneris has good medicinal potential and hence could be used for treating some specific health ailments.

Spectrophotometric assessment of different surface coating materials on conventional glass ionomer cement

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyse the absorbance of dye material in conventional glass ionomer cement [GIC] by applying various commercially available surface protecting layers on GIC. 90 disc-shaped specimens were made using brass mold measuring 7mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness. 30 specimens were selected for each week testing having 6 groups [n=5]. The groups were: G1 [Control group], G2 [Nail polish coated GIC], G3 [Master bond coated GIC], G4 [Copal varnish coated GIC], G5 [Varnal coated GIC], G6 [Cold mold seal coated GIC]. The specimens of each group were immersed in a separate test tube filled with methylene blue dye, and placed in an incubator [37[degree]C +/- 2[degree]C] for 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks' time. After required time period, the specimens were rinsed under distal water for 1 minute and air dried for 1 hour. Next, the specimens of each group were put into new test tubes containing 1ml absolute alcohol and again stored at [37[degree]C +/- 2[degree]C] for 24 hours. Absorbance were recorded in ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results were analysed by Student t-test and Pearson's correlation. The results suggest that varnal and copal varnish are effective protecting materials with significant difference [P<0.01] after 3 weeks time. Our results conclude that the application of suitable protecting material may lead to longevity of GIC restorative biomaterial in a complexed oral environment

To determine the outcome and progression of patients presenting with acute severe asthma at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Objectives: The aim of our study is to determine the outcome and progression of patients presenting with acute severe asthma [status asthmaticus] at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Setting: The type of study is a cross sectional study. Period: Two years from January 2013 to December 2015. Place of study: Tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan

Methods: Consisted of 40 patients who were all admitted to the hospital with acute severe asthma. All the patients underwent strict clinical evaluation to assess the various aspects of the illness including the severity and complications. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23

Results: Of the total n= 40 patients included in our study, 8 [20%] were males and 32 [80%] were females having a mean age of 52.5 +/- 20.4 years, Hypertension was the most common underlying co morbidity observed in 10 [25%] patients. The mean blood pH was found to be 7.33 +/- 0.12 at the time of presentation with a range of 6.96 to 7.57 respectively, respiratory acidosis was found in 17 [42.5%] of the patients. A total of 29 [72.5%] patients required ventilator support out of which 14 [35%] required invasive ventilator support and 15 [37.5%] required a noninvasive ventilator support. Acidaemia was found to have a significant association with the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation [p value of less than 0.033] also the mean duration of hospital stay was also higher in patients who required ventilator support

Conclusion: According to the results of our study, acidemia is the most severe complication of acute severe asthma, and has a significant association with increased rate of need for artificial ventilation, complication and mortality respectively

Risk factors for post operative complications in patients of perforated duodenal ulcer

Background: Perforation of peptic ulcer is a life threatening emergency and associated with increased surgical morbidity

Objective: To determine the risk factors of post postoperative complications in patients of perforated duodenal ulcer

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at Surgical Department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan and started on 12[th] February 2013 and completed in 6 months. Clinically, radiologically and surgically proven, 133 cases of the perforated peptic ulcer were included in the study through non probability consecutive sampling after taking informed consent. Possible predictors were recorded on admission as well as during surgery. Main outcome measures were postoperative complications which included respiratory tract infection, wound infection, and burst abdomen. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 14

Results: Age range of study subjects was 26-70 years. 80% of the patients were male and 20% female. 27.8% of the cases had clinical features of shock at presentation. Majority of the cases 65% presented within 48 hours. Smoking was noted in 51.9% of the cases. 74% had no associated medical illness. In 96% of the cases the size of perforation was less than 1 cm. Amount of peritoneal Spillage was greater than 1 liter in more than half patients [62%]. First part of the duodenum was the most common site of the perforation, which was present in 88% of the cases. Graham's omentopexy was done in 95% cases. 53 [40%] cases developed postoperative complications. 31 cases developed 1 complication each, 17 cases developed 2 complications each while 5 cases 3 complications each. The most common complication was respiratory tract infection which occurred in 26 patients [19.6%]. Most of the patients were discharged home between the 5 and 10 postoperative days. Those patients who presented in emergency after duration of 48 hours since onset of epigastric pain had very significant association with postoperative complication rate [p=0.0001]. Other factor which showed significant association was shock at presentation [p-value= 0.004]

Conclusion: Late presentation and presence of shock significantly influence the rate of development of post operative complications in patients of perforated duodenal ulcer. However, smoking and presence of medical illness failed to show significant association with postoperative complications

Epidemiology of hand injury in children

Objective: To study the types and presentation of hand injuries in children

Method and Materials: A prospective study was done at the emergency department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre from 24th October, 2014 to 30th December, 2014 [a duration of six weeks]. The data was collected on 50 out-patient children but we also followed the in-patient to find the outcome of their injuries. A self-designed questionnaire was administered and was filled by the parents of the participants. The questionnaire was explained in a one to one meeting by our volunteers. The volunteers were encouraging and friendly

Results: The most common reason of hand injury in our settings was due to road traffic accidents [34%]; followed by the second reason, a fall of an object on the hand. In most of the cases, 68% of the participants involved the right hand whereas in 32% of the participants, the left hand was involved. The most common bone to be fractured in children was the scaphoid with the 1st metacarpal bone

Conclusion: The goal of the study was to find out the various modes of presentation and types of the hand injuries in the accident and emergency department and to emphasize the regions commonly injured during a hand trauma. Better understanding of the type and manner of hand injuries will lead the physicians to emphasize on the areas more commonly injured and take suitable measures for their treatment accordingly. The rising number of hand injuries and knowledge about their pattern encourages the authorities to take suitable action and measures for its prevention and treatment which has been an area of neglect

Influence of mouth rinses on the surface hardness of dental resin nano-composite

Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the effect of mouth rinses with and without alcohol on the hardness of dental nano-filled composite

Methods: The micro-hardness of fifty circular disk shaped specimens of 7 mm x 2 mm were measured after 14 days. Specimens were immersed into alcohol containing [Listerine and Colgate Perioguard] and alcohol-free [Prodent and Sensodyne Oral antiseptic] mouth rinse solutions. Artificial saliva served as the control. Vickers Micro-hardness was measured with a 30gram load for 30 seconds dwell time by using a diamond indenter. Significant differences were represented by p<0.05, whereas highly significant difference represented by p<0.01. The level of significance [p] was calculated with the help of repeated measure ANOVA. For multiple comparisons, Tukey's multiple comparison test was used

Results: Statistical analysis revealed highly significant difference between specimens immersed in artificial saliva [control] and Listerine [p<0.01]. Whereas significant difference were observed between control and Colgate Periogard [p<0.05]. However, no significant difference was observed on comparing Prodent and Sensodyne Oral antiseptic mouth rinses with control group[p>0.05]. Control specimens depicted highest value of micro-hardness[60.5746 +/- 3.2703] compared to the lowest value seen in specimens immersed in Listerine solvent[54.4687 +/- 1.0937]

Conclusion: Alcohol containing mouth rinsing solutions have more deleterious effect on hardness of nano composites as compared to alcohol-free mouth rinses

Evaluation of predictors for severity of dengue fever at the beginning of the disease

To evaluate the predictors of severity of dengue at the beginning of the disease. Prospective and Observational study. This study was conducted at Shan General Hospital and Trauma and General Hospital from July 2010 to 1[st] October 2011. The study was conducted on all patients who were admitted and confirmed to have dengue fever after positive serology on day VI. There was pre-assigned protocol and every predictive marker was given one point. Patients who had > 4 points at the time of presentation had more severe illness and developed more severe complications rather than those who had

Loneliness and disease prevalence; a gerontological prespective of elder's disease status

Older age is defined as "the phase of life when someone is socially, economically and culturally dependent on others to pass their life". Loneliness is an important concerns' of researchers especially to study its damaging effects on older persons. Pakistan with 6th largest population of the world facing ageing issues as other nations of rest of the world. Objectives:To explore the existence of loneliness and its effects on elder's health as observed by their disease status. Design: Cross sectional study. Period: Sep 2013 to Dec 2013. Setting: TMA Rawal Town, TMA Potohar Town, Rawalpindi City. Methodology: Research was conducted in urban areas of Rawalpindi city and to collect the data a structured data collection tool was developed and modified with the help of pre-test observation under similar urban environment. After data collection tool responses were converted into code planandthen data was entered in EpiDataandanalyzed in SPSS. Results: These show the participation of males about 70% and females 30%. Among 384 respondents, 88.3% reported feelings of loneliness and only 1.7% not agreed with the question statement. Cross comparison of loneliness and disease ccurrence shows that those OPs who feel loneliness predominantly reported the diseases like Hypertension, Heart problems, Diabetes, Arthritis, AsthmaandTB etc. These findings depicts that loneliness played a key role in the promotion of bad health status among OPs of sample area. Conclusions: Legislative bodies should consider this issue and do practiced efforts to increase OPs participation within a family and their immediate social networks, it will help to reduce bad effects of loneliness and sustain active ageing.

Older persons; medical care, social protection and united nations principles: an anthropo-gerontological approach on geriatric health

The Older Persons [OPs] are the knowledge and experience banks who hand over their life experiences to run society to the youth to further take up the society for the continuity of life and its progressive upward mobility. The aim of study was to explore the interrelationship of older persons' health care and social protection in the light of United Nations Principles for Older Persons in Rawalpindi city. Cross Sectional Study. Structured questionnaire was developed to collect information on Older Persons' health, economic and psychological status. In this regard, an extensive questionnaire was designed and pre-tested vigorously. The data collection was done in various union councils of Rawalpindi city. The study duration was three months and lasted from September 2013 to December 2013. Family is concerned about the welfare of OPs but the financial liabilities. In 82.8% cases children were found to be caring whereas in 17.2% cases kids were totally forgetful. 46% OPs were primarily nursed by their spouses and 34% by sons or daughters. 44.3% OPs still managed their financial affairs. In 66% case no secondary financial facility was provided by the government. 28.9% cases were those where OPs requested help from other sources. The Islamic Jurisprudence, Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and UN Principles demand the governments and states to intervene in the situation and make sure that the OPs are enjoying equal access to independence, [social] participation, care, self-fulfillment and dignity

Perceived ageing and elders health; an anthropological study of older persons of Rawalpindi

Culture and society always an important factor that contributed to build the stereo types rather positive and negative that affect our everyday life. As with other social issues ageing is also effected the cultural and societal stereo types. Concept of old age was not the only creation of old age rather it was started when they were young and strong concepts were developed and concreted with the passage of time as he get older and older. [1] To explore what Older Persons [OPs] perceived about old age. [2] To find the cross relationship between their concept of old age and their disease status. Statistically calculated sample of 384 OPs were randomly interviewed by taking their verbal consent after introducing them about objective of study. Structured questionnaire was developed for data collection purposes. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS. among 384 respondents 31.3% perceived old age as illness and disease, 15.9% consider it stress and depression, 25.5% were of the view that old age is phase of social isolation and ignorance, increased dependency was also recorded 9.1% and less social participation as 11.7%. Hypertension was reported by 8.1% of the study respondents, Heart problem in 12.8% cases and Diabetes in 15.1% cases. Awareness of religious education along with role of social institution plays the leading role to reduce the intensity of negative stereo types and helps elders to develop positive concepts about their last age will be supplementary measure for active, and healthy and prosperous old age

Pakistan and urban ageing scenario; an anthropo-economic narrative on older persons' health

Ageing is exactly the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age. The state of Pakistan is caught in the complicated web of various socio-economic and political problems. In such scenario, efforts to voice the rights of elderly seem a bit surprising and out-of-priority box. The paper attempts to serve as an eye-opener for the policy makers both in public and private sectors to interrelate the factors deemed imperative for taking concrete steps to redress the menace arising out of ignoring ageing and dropping it from the national development agenda. Structured interview schedule was developed to collect information on Older Persons' health, economic and psychological status. In this regard, an extensive questionnaire was designed and pre-tested vigorously. This paper is extracted out of the base-line exploratory study. Rawalpindi city. Oct 2013 to Dec 2013. 69.3% OPs reported various diseases, 19.7% respondents never visited the doctor. 25.1% respondents' last visit to the doctor was between six months to more than a year. 15.3% visited the doctor for a medical treatment. Older persons with no permanent income made them more vulnerable to suffer various illnesses. Pakistan is not an aged-friendly country that even lacks a policy at national level for the welfare rights of older persons

Effect of different pH solvents on micro-hardness and surface topography of dental nano-composite: an in vitro analysis

Erosion of tooth surface is attributed to recent shift in diet pattern and frequent use of beverages. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different beverages on surface topography and hardness of nano-filled composite material. Sixty flat disc shaped resin composite samples were fabricated and placed in distilled water for 24 hours. After 24 hours test samples were dried and divided into 4 groups. Group A [n=15] specimens were placed in tight amber bottle comprising 25 ml of artificial saliva. Similarly Group B, C and D were stored in equal amounts of orange juice, milk and coca cola drink respectively. Samples were checked for hardness and surface changes were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. There were strong significant difference observed in samples immersed in orange juice and artificial saliva. A strong significant difference was seen between Group D and Group A. Group A and Group C showed no significant difference. The micro-hardness test showed reduced values among all samples. Beverages consumed daily have a negative influence on hardness and surface degradation of nano-filled dental composite. Comparatively, nano-filled composites possess higher surface area to volume ratio of their fillers particle size may lead to higher surface roughness than other resin based dental biomaterials

The Prevalence Of: Neglected Musculoskeletal Injuries, In Bareilly Region.

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries needing urgent care are often amongst the commonest conditions at the first referral health facilities. They are initially being treated by non-specialist doctors, nurses and paramedics. By the time the patients reach a specialized tertiary care centre they have malunited or ununited limb bone fractures or established infected non unions or non-unions with broken implant or mal positioned implants. Objective: to find the prevalence of neglected musculoskeletal injuries in the region. Methods: A retrospective study was done at one of the tertiary care hospital in Bareilly Uttar Pradesh. The records of all the patients above 18 years who had musculoskeletal injury of more than one month duration and the patients below 18 years who had musculoskeletal injury more than three weeks duration during the period of year 2013were retrieved. The necessary information was collected on semi structured schedule. Data Analysis was done with help of SPSS version 10.0 Statistical Software. Results: Total number of neglected musculoskeletal injuries received was 197 out of which males were 79 % and females 21 %.There were 62% patients from rural background and remaining 38% from urban. On evaluation of monthly data it was found that the maximum numbers of neglected musculoskeletal injury cases, 29 were admitted in the month of July, and minimum 2 in the month of September. Age wise maximum number of cases was in the age group of below eighteen 51 cases, followed by age group between forty and forty nine, 39 cases and the least in age group above seventy, 6 cases .In the extremities lower limb was more involved as the score reached 109 cases, while upper limb had 68 and spine 20.Conclusion: There is an urgent need to address the issue of neglected musculoskeletal injuries for which a manifold approach is needed at all levels.

Prevalence of noise induced hearing loss among dentists working in Karachi, Pakistan

Dentists are exposed to noise of varying intensities while working in dental clinics. This paper discusses the different sources and characteristics of noise in the dental clinics. Questionnaire surveys from three hundred and thirty-three dentists [male and female] were collected for a cross-sectional study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. The study concludes that noise originating from the dental tools appears to have an effect on the dentists and contributes to their headache, irritation, tinnitus and in some cases hearing damage. Further investigation is required to study the possible risks of induced hearing loss due to these dental tools

Sorption rate evaluation of flowable composite materials by using different photo-activation methods: a spectroscopic analysis

To determine the sorption rate of flowable dental composites by using different photo-activation techniques. Ninety specimens of 3 different dental composites were used for study. 7mm in diameter and 2mm thick disc of each material were prepared in the laboratory by using brass moulds. 30 samples were polymerized each by Quartz Tungsten Halogen [QTH], Light Emitting Diode [LED] and Ultraviolet B [UVB] light curing units. Samples were taken out from mould and placed in clean glass tube, immersed in 2% methylene blue solution and placed in incubator for 24hrs. Absorbance was detected at 590nm by using Visible Spectrophotometer. The significant results were observed by using both Light Emitting Diode and Quartz Tungsten Halogen light units [*P< 0.01]. Ultraviolet B narrowband light found to be inappropriate for polymerization purpose. Similarly, composite Clinpro and Bioseal showed significant results in every photo-activation method [*P<0.01]. Light Emitting Diode units were as efficient in curing resin composite as Conventional Halogen lamps are. Ultraviolet B narrowband light was not appropriate in activation of dental composite while Clinpro and Bioseal are efficient flowable composites

Role of magnesium sulfate in the management of acute asthma

Objectives: To determine the supportive role of magnesium sulfate in the management of acute sthmatic patients

Study design: A descriptive comparative study

Place and duration: The Study was conducted from January 2010 to June 2010 at Department of Medicine, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad and Institute of Chest Diseases, Kotri, Sindh

Methodology: Acute asthmatic patients between ages of 10 to 40 years reporting to emergency department were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups. Groups I patients [n = 36] received oxygen inhalation, nebulization by ventoline and intravenous hydrocortisone. Group II patients [n = 37] received oxygen, ventoline nebulization, intravenous hydrocortisone and IV magnesium sulfate 25 ml /kg body weigh diluted in 100 ml of normal saline delivered over a period of 30 minutes

Results: Seventy three patients were included in this study. Baseline parameters were compared in the two groups. Both group showed significant improvement in pulse rate which was 90.9 +/- 8.46 in group I [without magnesium] and 82.3 +/- 5.11 beat per minute in group II [with magnesium]. Oxygen saturation after 120 minute was 95.9 +/- 2.02 and 96.2 +/- 1.5% in group I and group II, respectively. Similarly, after 120 minutes, PEFR was 205 L/minute in group I as compared to 237 L/minute in group II

Conclusion: This study suggested that there was benefit of adding IV magnesium sulfate to ventoline nebulization and intravenous hydrocortisone in the treatment of severe or life threatening asthma

Hepatoprotective effects of curcuma longa against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats

To investigate the protective effect of Curcuma longa [CL] against carbon tetrachloride [CC1[4]] induced liver injury in adult male Wistar rat model. Study Experimental/Analytical study Place and Duration of Study: Animal House, Isra University Hyderabad from March to December 2013. Forty five adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups; Group 1. controls received 0.9% isotonic saline, Group 2. received CC1[4] orally [1.9mg/kg] mixed in olive oil, and Group 3. received the CC1[4]+CL [250mg/kg] Blood samples were collected for liver biochemical assays. The animals were sacrificed, liver tissue, after fixation in 4% formaldehyde, was embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections of 5 micro thickness were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining and were assessed by light microscopy. The data was analyzed on SPSS 21.0 using one-way ANOVA, Fischer's LSD and Chi-square tests. A p-value of

Prediction of large esophageal varices in patients with decompensated cirrhosis by child-pugh score, in medical unit-ii, chandka medical college hospital, larkana

To assess prediction of large esophageal varices in patients with decompensated cirrhosis by Child-Pugh score, in Medical Unit-II, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana. Cross sectional study. This study was carried out at Medical Unit II, Chandka Medical College and Hospital, Larkana from November 2011 to November 2012. In this study 88 consecutive cirrhotic patients with ascites [those Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria] were included; blood samples for Serum bilirubin, serum albumin, and INR ratio were sent to single laboratory. Then, child Pugh score were assigned to each patient on the basis of clinical and to laboratory parameter. The ultrasound of abdomen was carried out for size of liver and spleen, portal vein diameter, and quantification of ascits. Eligible patients were subjected for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the presence of esophageal varices and their grading. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 19. The mean age of enrolled patients was 43.19 +/- 7.1 years. Of 88 patients, 69 [78.4%] were male and 19 [21.6%] were female. Child Pugh class relation to number of patients were; 52, 20, and 16 in class A, B, and C respectively. While Child Pugh class relation to frequency of esophageal varices were; 6, 11 and 14 in class A, B, and C respectively. Frequency of grading of esophageal varices was; 4, 13, and 14 in grade one, two, and three respectively. Distribution of large esophageal varices [LEVX] in relation to child Pugh class is one in class A, two in class B and 11 in class C. It is concluded from this study that; as the child pugh score advances, the number and size of esophageal varices increases, and chance of absence of varices decreases

Study of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correalation with blood groups

To ascertain any relation between T2 Diabetes Mellitus with Blood Groups of the patients coming in theOPD. , Experimental / Analytical study .This study was carried out at Med Path Laboratories and Diagnostic Center Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi and KESC Medical center Karachi from August 2012 to December 2012. The present study deals with the distribution of the ABO blood types in patients with diabetes mellitus. 500 samples were collected from Med Path Laborites and Diagnostic Center KESC Medical Center. The study shows blood group B was prevalent at a high percentage among patients with DM type 2. Blood group O+ were significantly higher among the male diabetics and blood group B+ among female diabetics. People with middle-aged group were seen to be more affected with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is highly recommended that this study may proceed further and the affiliation of T2DM can be screened at molecular level to find out the exact mechanism of action for susceptibility to these particular Blood Groups

effects of monosodium glutamate on the histology of fallopian tube in female rats

To investigate the effects of orally administered monosodium glutamate [MSG] on the fallopian tube histology in adult female Wistar rat model. Experimental/Analytical study. Animal House, Isra University Hyderabad from May to November 2013. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups; Group A. controls received 0.9% isotonic saline, Group B. received MSG orally [1.5 mg/kg], and Group C. received MSG orally [3 mg/kg]. The animals were sacrificed after six weeks. Fallopian tubes were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, and were embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections of 5micro thicknesses were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining and were assessed by light microscopy. The fallopian tubes [FT] of the control group A showed normal histological features. The fallopian tubes of the treated groups showed some cellular hypertrophy of the columnar epithelium, distortion of the basement membrane separating the endosalpinx from the myosalpinx. There were degenerative and atrophic changes observed in some parts; these were more pronounced in those that received 3 mg/kg body weight of MSG. There were marked vacuolations and lysed red blood cells, [3 mg/kg body weight treated rats] appearing in the stroma cells. The monosodium glutamate may have deleterious effects on the fallopian tube histology in adult female Wistar rats particularly in high dose. Therefore caution must be taken for its frequent use in female because of possibility of female infertility