ABSTRACT
Background: Gram-negative bacteria are common causes of both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections. beta-Lactam drugs are often the primary therapeutic option for serious infections, and carbapenems in particular are often considered agents of last resort. Thus, the emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant [CR] bacteria are a significant public health concern. Infections with these resistant bacteria are associated with higher mortality rates than those for infections caused by carbapenem susceptible organisms. There have been considerable efforts to develop new antimicrobials drug against this type of resistant bacteria. Silver Nanoparticles [AgNPs] have emerged as promising weapons in the anti-microbial arsenal. Their anti-microbial efficacy is attributable to multiple mechanism of action
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of AgNPs on CR Gram-negative bacteria
Materials and Methods: Effect of AgNPs on CR Gram-negative bacteria alone and in combination with carbapenems. 50 CR Gram-negative bacterial samples were included in this study. They were divided into 4 types; Acinetobacter, E. coli, klebseilla and P. aeruginosa. Each type was divided into [subtypes] metalo and non metalo carbapenemase producers
Results: There was statistically significant difference between all types of CR Gram-negative bacteria with AgNPs alone and some of them with AgNPs plus antibiotic [P-value < 0.05]. A comparison of the effect of AgNPs alone between different types of detected CR Gram-negative bacteria showed different levels of response. Lowest response was observed with klebsiella [metalo], while highest was remarked with P. aeruginosa [metalo]. Highest synergy with highly statistically significant difference [P-value < 0.001] occurred with Meropenem in P. aeruginosa
Conclusion: AgNPs showed anti-microbial effect against CR Gram-negative bacteria alone and synergistic effect against some of detected CR Gram-negative bacteria with certain antibiotics
ABSTRACT
Background: asymptomatic bacteriuria [ASB] during pregnancy is the primary cause of acute pyelonephritis, preterm labor, low birth weight fetus, etc., if left untreated. Adequate and early treatment reduces the prevalence of these obstetric complications
Objectives: this study aimed to determine the prevalence of ASB during pregnancy and determine the association between asymptomatic bacteriuria and spontaneous preterm birth
Patients Methods: this was a case control study of 120 preterm pregnancies and 40 term pregnancies among those attending El-Galaa Teaching Hospital, Obstetric Emergency Unit to evaluate the incidence of ASB and determine the association between asymptomatic bacteriuria and spontaneous preterm birth from March 2016 to March2017.Urine analysis and culture with antibiotic sensitivity were performed
Results: out of the 160 patients studied, ASB was observed in 7 patients [6 cases in preterm group [5%] and 1 case in full term group [2.5%] with no significant difference between the two groups [p-value. 0.05], the incidence of ASB in preterm labor was quite lower 5%. E. coli was the most common pathogen [55.14%] followed by proteus 28.57 followed by klebsiella [14.28%]
Conclusion: all pregnant women should be screened by urine culture to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria at their first visit to prevent overt urinary tract infections [UTI] and other complications in both mother and fetus