ABSTRACT
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type [SCCOHT] is a very rare and lethal tumor, mostly affecting young women, with aggressive clinical course. It has a worse prognosis in younger women and most of them died within two years of diagnosis. We are reporting a unique case of SCCOHT in a 35 years old, nulliparous lady with primary infertility in which symptomatic hypercalcemia was a presenting feature of her cancer. She was completely healthy before third cycle of IVF. Within two months of her third IVF cycle, she developed SCCOHT with a very rapid and aggressive course of disease and fatal outcome. Patient died within one month of her first symptom presentation [3 months after IVF cycle]
ABSTRACT
Curry leaf viz. Murraya koenigiil eaves (MKL) is an ancient Ayurvedic medicinal plant that has recently been described as possessing robust anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current study was conducted to determine the long-term LD50 of the methanolic extract of MKL during daily oral administration. Five groups of Sprague Dawley rats were recruited into the study. Each group comprised of six rats including the control group (1). The oral MKL doses used for groups (2) to (5) were 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively for a duration of ten weeks. The daily measured toxicity parameters were food and water consumption, body weight, general activity in forced swimming test and the cumulative mortalities. Group (5) showed 100% mortality within the first month of the study. Group (4) showed 50% mortality with signs of toxicity for the other 3 animals. Group (3) showed no mortalities but signs of toxicity for one animal were observed. No mortalities or toxicity signs were observed for any of group (2) animals. It can be concluded that the chronic LD50 for Malaysian cultivated MKL is 200 mg/kg/day, and the safest dose of MKL methanolic extract that can be implemented for long-term studies should not exceed 50 mg/kg/day.
ABSTRACT
Severely impaired insight is one of the main characteristics of psychotic disorders that present a major obstacle for treatment. Traditionally, insight has often been viewed as a simple or unitary construct. Recently, it is considered as a complex phenomenon with multiple components. A general lack of insight is widespread and very common in many patients with schizophrenia. Psycho-education is a form of mental health intervention which focuses on educating patients about their disorders, emotional responses, and treatments, as well as supporting positive coping mechanisms. The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of psycho-education intervention on insight development among hospitalized schizophrenic patients. A structured frame of psycho-education intervention was developed by the researchers. The intervention aimed at increasing patients' awareness about their mental disorder, their symptoms as well as its attribution, the social consequences of mental disorder and the achieved effects of medication. Before the implementation of psycho-education intervention, the total Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder [SUMD] mean scores for current awareness and attribution were 13.78 +/- 2.95 for the intervention group and 15.04 +/- 2.73 for the control group [mild to moderate degree lack of insight]. These results changed after the implementation of the psycho-education intervention to 7.96 +/- 2.81 and 15.67 +/- 2.39 respectively, with a statistical significant improvement [t=14.731, P=0.00] on the part of the intervention group. This was also true when comparing the two groups' SUMD subscale mean scores