Protective effect of glucosamine and risedronate (alone or in combination) against osteoarthritic changes in rat experimental model of immobilized knee / 대한해부학회지

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and cytology for differentiating benign from malignant lymph nodes

Background and study aims: Intra-abdominal and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are often difficult to diagnose, particularly in the absence of a primary lesion. Endosonography [EUS]-guided fine-needle aspiration and cytology [FNAC] has provided an easy and safe access to these lymph nodes, sparing the use of invasive and costly interventions. The main aim of this study is to assess the specificity, sensitivity, and predictive value of EUS-guided FNAC in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes. In addition, the study aims to determine significant EUS features that could help in predicting lymph node malignancy

Patients and methods: This prospective study included 142 patients with intra-abdominal or intrathoracic lymphadenopathy who were referred for EUS-guided FNAC because of inaccessibility by other imaging modalities. Ninety [63.3%] patients were found to have malignant lymph nodes, and 52 [36.6%] had lymphadenopathy of benign nature

Results: EUS-guided FNAC had a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 100% respectively. It had positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 88% for malignancy, respectively. By logistic regression analysis, EUS features and shortest diameter were found to be potential predictors of malignancy with p-value of <0.0001

Conclusion: EUS-guided FNAC is a powerful modality in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes. Additional complementary EUS features could be added to this technique for definitive diagnosis

Effect of follicular flushing during oocyte retrievalon clinical outcome of assisted reproductive technology

Is to determine whether follicular aspiration and flushing increase the number of oocytes yield and pregnancy outcome over aspiration alone in women undergoing ICSI. Prospective randomized controlled trial. One hundred eighty five infertile women who underwent ICSI were included in the study. They were randomized into two groups 92 cases in [aspiration and flushing group] and 93 cases in [aspiration only group],during the period from September 2011 to September 2013. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using long GnRH agonist was the standard protocol, hCG administrated 10000 iu when three or more follicles were at least 18 mm in largest diameter, Trans-vaginal follicular aspiration performed 34-36 hours after hCG trigger. In the aspiration alone group, a 16 gauge single lumen needle used, with suction continue until a small amount of blood stained fluid appeared in the tubing or flow stop, When flushing accompany aspiration of follicular fluid in the study group, the same needle used with a double-way tap allowing flushing of [2 ml] of embty follicleby Earl's medium till oocyte retrieved or maximum two times. The study observed 60.5 % oocyte recovery rate with aspiration only compared with 80.9 % with follicular aspiration and flushing.Operative time [minutes] was significantly longer among flushing group, the retrieval time was 1.3 fold higher among those undergoing follicular flushing. Pregnancy was non-significantly more frequent among flushing. Implantation rates non-significantly more frequent among flushing group than non-flushing group [31.6% versus 26.3%, P= 0.424] and ongoing clinical pregnancy non-significantly more frequent among flushing group [27.4% versus 21.1%, P= 0.31]. Conclusion, flushing non-significantly increase implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome and associated with a significant increase in the procedure time for oocyte retrieval, so patient groups where a small number of oocytes are available for retrieval may represent patients most likely to benefit from follicle flushing as only one extra oocyte may affect the outcome

Analysis of the serological reactivity and haplotypes of HLA-B*37:02 allele

Of 73355 subjects HLA typed in our laboratory, 644 were positive for B37 with only 2 positive for B37:02. The serological reactivity of both cells and probable haplotypes was analyzed. The serological reactivity was similar for both cells with BW4 positivity. Both cells reacted positively to poly specific sera with B37, B*27, B47 and B*13 reactivity. Interestingly, neither of the cells reacted to operationally monospecific sera with B27, B37, or B47 reactivity or to poly specific sera with B27 and 837 reactivity. No poly-specific sera with B37 and B47 reactivity were available for testing. A population genetics approach based on reported haplotypes frequencies suggest that the most probable haplotypes for both cells are A 24:02 B* 18:01 C*05:01 DRB1* 03:01 and A*01:OJ B*37:02 C*02:02 DRB1*11:04 for the first cell and A*29:02 B* 14:02 C*0202 DRB1* 07:01 and A*30 8*37:02 ! C*02:02 ORB I

3 for the second cell. The former haplotype is similar to that of the first described B*37:02 allele in 1995 in a Syrian father and one of his sons during routine HLA typing

Missense mutations in the pancreatic beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2: a case study of Pakistani patient of neonatal diabetes

This case study describes clinical and molecular genetic data of a 45 days old male patient of neonatal diabetes mellitus. PCR amplification followed by DNA sequencing revealed two point mutations at positions 67A>G and 1009G>A in KCNJ11 gene encoding Kir6.2 protein, a component of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium [KATP] channel which is a key component involved in insulin secretion

Frequency of insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a study from Karachi, Pakistan

To assess frequency of insulin resistance [IR] in patients, presenting with polycystic ovarian syndrome using simple indices of insulin resistance and to determine the association of clinical manifestations of PCOS with insulin resistance indices. This cross sectional study was carried out at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology [BIDE]. One hundred patients fulfilling the revised 2003 Rotterdam diagnostic criteria for PCOS were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated using frequency and mean with standard deviation. Insulin resistance [IR] was calculated using fasting insulin levels [> 10 IU/ml], fasting glucose: insulin ratio [> 4.5]. Different surrogate marker of IR like HOMA-IR [> 2.6], QUICKI [< 0.357] and McAuley [< 5.8] were calculated. The value for HOMA-IR, QUICKI and McAuley in patients of PCOS were 65%, 88% and 51.2% respectively. Patients having fasting insulin level [> 10 iu/ml] were 75.32%. Menstrual irregularities were the commonest presentation followed by obesity, hirsutism and infertility. There was a strong association of BMI with various menstrual irregularities, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. A significant high rate of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance has been observed in our patients of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Majority of clinical manifestation are found to be associated with insulin resistance indices