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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(5): 1209-1216, Sept.-Oct. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1345274

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, and performance of goats fed with spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal (Miúda or Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM). Thirty castrated male goats, without defined breed, aged 12 to 14 months, with an average body weight of 19.0±2.8kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design among three treatments (Control - Tifton hay, Miúda, and OEM) and ten replicates; the initial weight was considered as the covariate. The intake of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was highest in the control treatment, while the intake of NFC was higher in the OEM diet. Treatments containing forage cactus showed the highest digestibility of DM, OM, and NFC. The animals fed the control diet spent more time on rumination and total chewing, but the time spent feeding or feeding efficiency, and performance did not differ. The use of spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal (Miúda and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) in a diet for goats, in the amount of 450g/kg of DM does not interfere with the performance of the animals and improves the digestibility of OM and NFC.(AU)


Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o comportamento ingestivo e o desempenho de caprinos alimentados com genótipos de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha-carmim (miúda ou orelha-de-elefante-mexicana (OEM). Trinta cabritos machos, castrados, sem raça definida, com idades entre 12 e 14 meses e peso corporal médio de 19,0±2,8kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em três tratamentos (controle - feno de tifton; miúda e OEM) e 10 repetições; o peso inicial foi considerado a covariável. O consumo de matéria orgânica (MO) e de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) foi maior no tratamento controle; enquanto a ingestão de CNF foi maior na dieta OEM. Tratamentos contendo palma forrageira apresentaram as maiores digestibilidades de MS, MO e CNF. Os animais alimentados com a dieta controle gastaram mais tempo em ruminação e em mastigação total, mas o tempo gasto com alimentação ou a eficiência alimentar e o desempenho não diferiram. A utilização de genótipos de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha-carmim (miúda e orelha-de-elefante-mexicana) na dieta de caprinos, na quantidade de 450g/kg de MS, não interfere no desempenho dos animais e melhora a digestibilidade de MO e CNF.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Goats , Cactaceae , Diet , Animal Feed , Rumination, Digestive , Hemiptera
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 116(4): 844-849, abr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285189

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Fatores de risco definidos para HIV e tradicionais podem estar associados a um aumento de eventos cardiovasculares. Estudos recentes sugerem que a resposta imune humoral à LDL modificada pode estar associada ao processo de aterosclerose. Objetivos: Avaliar a presença de anti-LDL oxidada e de peptídeos derivados da Apolipoproteína B no sangue, bem como sua associação à função endotelial na infecção por HIV. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu consecutivamente sujeitos com idade, sexo e dados demográficos correspondentes em dois grupos: (1) indivíduos infectados com HIV e naïve para terapia antiviral e (2) indivíduos não infectados. A aterosclerose subclínica foi avaliada pela espessura íntima-média, utilizando-se a ultrassonografia das artérias carótidas. A função endotelial foi determinada pela dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF) da artéria braquial por ultrassonografia. Os níveis de autoanticorpos (IgM, IgG) de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade antioxidadas (LDL-ox), fragmentos de peptídeos antiapolipoproteína B (peptídeos ApoB-D e 0033G-Cys), e citocina foram avaliados por meio de ELISA. Resultados: Os resultados deste estudo não mostraram diferenças na aterosclerose subclínica entre os grupos. Entretanto, os sujeitos infectados com HIV apresentaram uma DMF mais baixa, em comparação com os sujeitos não infectados. Portanto, os sujeitos infectados com HIV apresentaram níveis mais altos de citocinas inflamatórias, títulos de IgG anti-LDL-ox, e IgG anti-ApoB-D. Em contraste, títulos de IgM anti-ApoB-D foram mais baixos em indivíduos infectados com HIV e associados a funções endoteliais diminuídas. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a infecção por HIV, em sujeitos naïve, está associada à disfunção endotelial e à diminuição de anticorpos naturais para antígenos Apo-B.


Abstract Backgorund: Traditional and HIV-defined risk factors may be associated with an increase in cardiovascular events. Recent studies have suggested that the humoral immune response to modified LDL may be associated with the process of atherosclerosis. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of anti-oxLDL and apolipoprotein B-derived peptides in the blood, and their association with the endothelial function in HIV-infection. Methods: This study consecutively included subjects matched for age, gender, and demographic data in two groups: (1) HIV-infected and naïve for antiviral therapy and (2) uninfected individuals. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by intimal-media thickness, using ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. Endothelial function was determined by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery by ultrasonography. Autoantibodies (IgM, IgG) anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anti-apolipoprotein B-peptide fragments (ApoB-D and 0033G-Cys peptides), and cytokine levels were evaluated by ELISA. Results: This study's results showed no difference in subclinical atherosclerosis between groups; however, HIV-infected subjects showed a lower FMD, when compared to non-infected subjects. Therefore, HIV-infected subjects showed higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, titers of IgG anti-oxLDL, and IgG anti-ApoB-D. In contrast, titers of IgM anti-ApoB-D were lower in HIV-infected individuals and associated with reduced endothelial functions. Conclusions: This study's results show that HIV infection, in naïve subjects, is associated with endothelial dysfunction and a decline of natural antibodies to apo-B antigens.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoantigens , HIV Infections , Apolipoproteins B , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Lipoproteins, LDL
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 78(1): 133-139, Feb. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888829

ABSTRACT

Abstract Aquatic macrophytes have properties and mechanisms which are useful for the removal of substances in solution, commonly used in phytoremediation processes in aquatic environments. This study evaluated the performance of copper (Cu) accumulation by Salvinia biloba Raddi (Salviniaceae) in different metal concentrations (1, 3 and 5 µg mL-1), as well as the control treatment, measured at intervals of 0, 7 and 14 days under laboratory conditions, with control as to pH and luminosity. After the experiment, the S. biloba biomass was washed, kiln dried, crushed and subjected to the process of digestion, and subsequently the accumulated copper content was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that S. biloba is apt at accumulating copper, varying significantly between different treatments and days of exposure to the contaminant, as well as its interaction (treatment × days). The highest accumulation values were observed in treatment with 5 µg mL-1, which at 14 days, with 11,861 µg g-1 of copper. We observed symptoms of toxicity and mortality in plants, probably indicating the effect of copper on the species when at high levels. Salvinia biloba is an efficient species in the removal of copper in solution, its recommendation as a remediating agent in aquatic ecosystems being possible.


Resumo Macrófitas aquáticas apresentam propriedades e mecanismos úteis à remoção de substâncias presentes em solução, comumente, utilizadas em processos de fitorremediação de ambientes aquáticos. Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de acumulação de cobre (Cu) por Salvinia biloba Raddi (Salviniaceae) em diferentes concentrações do metal (1, 3 e 5 µg mL-1), além do tratamento controle, avaliados em intervalos de 0, 7 e 14 dias, sob condições laboratoriais, com controle de pH e luminosidade. Após o experimento a biomassa de S. biloba, foi lavada, seca em estufa, triturada e submetida ao processo de digestão, sendo, posteriormente, o teor de cobre acumulado determinado por espectroscopia de absorção atômica. Os resultados evidenciaram que S. biloba é hábil em acumular cobre em sua biomassa, variando significativamente entre os diferentes tratamentos e dias de exposição ao contaminante, bem como por sua interação (tratamentos × dias). Os maiores teores de acúmulo foram observados no tratamento com 5 µg mL-1, que aos 14 dias apresentou até 11.861 µg g-1 de Cu. Observamos sintomas de toxicidade e mortalidade nas plantas, evidenciando, provavelmente, o efeito do cobre sobre a espécie quando em elevados níveis. Salvinia biloba é uma espécie eficiente na remoção do cobre em solução, sendo possível sua recomendação como agente de remediação em ecossistemas aquáticos.


Subject(s)
Biodegradation, Environmental , Copper/analysis , Copper/metabolism , Aquatic Organisms/metabolism , Aquatic Organisms/chemistry , Tracheophyta/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Biomass , Tracheophyta/metabolism
4.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467053

ABSTRACT

Abstract Aquatic macrophytes have properties and mechanisms which are useful for the removal of substances in solution, commonly used in phytoremediation processes in aquatic environments. This study evaluated the performance of copper (Cu) accumulation by Salvinia biloba Raddi (Salviniaceae) in different metal concentrations (1, 3 and 5 µg mL-1), as well as the control treatment, measured at intervals of 0, 7 and 14 days under laboratory conditions, with control as to pH and luminosity. After the experiment, the S. biloba biomass was washed, kiln dried, crushed and subjected to the process of digestion, and subsequently the accumulated copper content was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that S. biloba is apt at accumulating copper, varying significantly between different treatments and days of exposure to the contaminant, as well as its interaction (treatment × days). The highest accumulation values were observed in treatment with 5 µg mL-1, which at 14 days, with 11,861 µg g-1 of copper. We observed symptoms of toxicity and mortality in plants, probably indicating the effect of copper on the species when at high levels. Salvinia biloba is an efficient species in the removal of copper in solution, its recommendation as a remediating agent in aquatic ecosystems being possible.


Resumo Macrófitas aquáticas apresentam propriedades e mecanismos úteis à remoção de substâncias presentes em solução, comumente, utilizadas em processos de fitorremediação de ambientes aquáticos. Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de acumulação de cobre (Cu) por Salvinia biloba Raddi (Salviniaceae) em diferentes concentrações do metal (1, 3 e 5 µg mL-1), além do tratamento controle, avaliados em intervalos de 0, 7 e 14 dias, sob condições laboratoriais, com controle de pH e luminosidade. Após o experimento a biomassa de S. biloba, foi lavada, seca em estufa, triturada e submetida ao processo de digestão, sendo, posteriormente, o teor de cobre acumulado determinado por espectroscopia de absorção atômica. Os resultados evidenciaram que S. biloba é hábil em acumular cobre em sua biomassa, variando significativamente entre os diferentes tratamentos e dias de exposição ao contaminante, bem como por sua interação (tratamentos × dias). Os maiores teores de acúmulo foram observados no tratamento com 5 µg mL-1, que aos 14 dias apresentou até 11.861 µg g-1 de Cu. Observamos sintomas de toxicidade e mortalidade nas plantas, evidenciando, provavelmente, o efeito do cobre sobre a espécie quando em elevados níveis. Salvinia biloba é uma espécie eficiente na remoção do cobre em solução, sendo possível sua recomendação como agente de remediação em ecossistemas aquáticos.

5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(2): 497-505, mar.-abr. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-779782

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de determinar valores de energia metabolizável aparente e de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio de alimentos para frangos de corte, bem como avaliar os efeitos da correção da energia sobre seu desempenho, foram conduzidos dois experimentos: I) determinação da energia do milho, do farelo de soja, da farinha de carne e ossos, da farinha de vísceras e da farinha de penas, pelo método de coleta total de excretas, utilizando-se 450 pintos de corte com um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, sendo seis tratamentos e cinco repetições; II) desempenho de 960 frangos de corte, distribuídos ao acaso, em cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. As aves que receberam os tratamentos A (matriz energética de acordo com Rostagno et al. (2011)) e E (energia sem correção com ajuste pela idade) apresentaram melhor desempenho, e as aves do tratamento E tiveram melhor conversão alimentar. Portanto, formulações com energia sem correção pelo balanço de nitrogênio e ajustadas pela idade são viáveis tanto sob o ponto de vista zootécnico, quanto econômico.


In order to determine apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance of feed ingredients and to evaluate the effects of this correction on performance of broiler chickens, two experiments were conducted: I) energy determination of corn, soybean meal, meat and bone meal, poultry by-products meal and feather meal by total excreta collection method, using 450 chicks randomly distributed in 30 cages, with 6 treatments and 5 replications; II) performance of 960 broilers, distributed in a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments and 6 replications. Birds that received treatments A (energy matrix from literature) and E (energy without correction adjusted by age) showed better performance with the best feed cost, and treatment E had smaller feed conversion ratio. Therefore, the use of formulations based on metabolizable energy adjusted for age and without correction by nitrogen balance is feasible, both from a zootechnical and economic point of view.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Poultry/growth & development , Poultry/metabolism , Diet/veterinary , Weight Gain
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(3): 1171-1175, Sept. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762604

ABSTRACT

A large range of variability marks the branching pattern of the axillary artery. The knowledge of the anatomical variations and this pattern is essential to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including surgery, of the axillary region. The aim of this study was to observe the different possible origins of circumflex humeral arteries and to measure the length and diameter of each vessel. In our study, 24 armpits from adult cadavers (fixed in tamponed formalin 10%) were dissected. The data were analyzed with a digital caliper and the results expressed as Mean ± SD. In majority of specimens, posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) arose from subscapular artery (SSA) (54.16%) and had an average diameter of 3.92±0.41 mm. The anterior circumflex humeral artery was a branch from axillary artery (AA) in the majority of the specimens (62.5%) with an average diameter of 1.83±0.68 mm. Circumflex humeral arteries can arise from SSA, deep brachial artery and AA. The result of this study is an interesting data for origin, length and diameter of these vessels, contributing to the knowledge of these variations occurrence.


Una amplia gama de variabilidad marca el patrón de ramificación de la arteria axilar. El conocimiento de las variaciones anatómicas de este patrón es esencial para enfoques de diagnóstico y terapéuticos, incluyendo la cirugía de la región axilar. El objetivo fue observar los diferentes orígenes posibles de arterias circunflejas humerales y medir la longitud y el diámetro de cada vaso. En el estudio se disecaron 24 axilas de cadáveres adultos (fijados en formalina tamponada al 10%). Los datos se analizaron con un calibrador digital y los resultados se expresaron como Media ± DS. En la mayoría de los especímenes, la arteria circunfleja humeral posterior surgió de la arteria subescapular (ASE) (54,16%) con un diámetro medio de 0,41±3,92 mm. En la mayoría de los especímenes (62,5%), la arteria circunfleja humeral anterior era una rama de la arteria axilar (AA) con un diámetro medio de 0,68±1,83 mm. Las arterias circunflejas humerales pueden surgir de la ASE, de la arteria braquial profunda y AA. El resultado de este estudio es un dato interesante para el origen, la longitud y el diámetro de los vasos, lo que contribuye al conocimiento de la ocurrencia de estas variaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Anatomic Variation , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Humerus/blood supply , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
7.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 30(1): 100-104, ene.-mar. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-747652

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: la esclerosis hepatoportal se manifiesta como hipertensión portal no cirrótica. Su etiología parece estar relacionada con alteraciones idiopáticas en la microvasculatura hepática. Las manifestaciones de la esclerosis hepatoportal incluyen sangrado de vías digestivas altas, pancitopenia, esplenomegalia e hipertensión portal no cirrótica. Presentamos el primer caso reportado en Colombia de esclerosis hepatoportal en un paciente con serología positiva para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Métodos: paciente masculino de 60 años de edad, VIH-positivo, quien ingresa a nuestra institución por hemorragia de vías digestivas alta (várices esofágicas y fúndicas) y ascitis, cuyo manejo requirió la toma de biopsia hepática. Resultados: se realizó biopsia Trucut de hígado que evidenció la presencia de 6 a 8 espacios porta con parénquima arquitectónico conservado que demostró fibrosis perivenular y dilatación sinusoidal pericentral severa. Conclusión: la esclerosis hepatoportal es una causa de morbilidad en pacientes VIH-positivos. Debe considerarse en cada paciente que manifiesta hipertensión portal no cirrótica asociada con hemorragia de la vía digestiva alta. Sin embargo, una investigación adicional es imprescindible con el fin de describir la relación entre el desarrollo de alteraciones intrahepáticas (microtrombosis), la patogénesis del VIH y el uso de terapia antirretroviral, particularmente el uso de didanosina.


Background: Hepatoportal sclerosis manifests as non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Its etiology appears to be related to alterations in the idiopathic micro-vasculature of the liver. Manifestations of hepatoportal sclerosis include upper gastrointestinal bleeding, pancytopenia, splenomegaly and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. We present the first reported case of hepatoportal sclerosis in Colombia which occurred in an HIV positive patient. Methods: A 60-year-old male HIV patient positive was admitted to our institution because of ascites and upper digestive tract bleeding due to esophageal and fundal varices. Management required taking a liver biopsy. Results: A Tru-Cut biopsy needle was used to take a liver biopsy sample percutaneously. The biopsy revealed six to eight portal tracts with preserved architectural parenchyma, perivenular fibrosis and severe pericentral sinusoidal dilatation. Conclusions: Hepatoportal sclerosis is a cause of morbidity in HIV-positive patients and should be considered in each patient manifesting non-cirrhotic portal hypertension associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, further research is necessary to describe the relationship between the development of intrahepatic alterations (microthrombosis), HIV, and the use of anti-retroviral therapy, particularly the use of didanosine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Biopsy , Hypertension, Portal , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes , Liver , Sclerosis
8.
Br Biotechnol J ; 2014 Jun; 4(6): 708-719
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162470

ABSTRACT

Aims: Biosurfactants are surface-active agents of microbial origin that have a property of lowering the surface tension between two liquids. This study aimed to the production of biosurfactant by Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 in medium containing agro-industrial wastes for making possible its industrial application in the near future and to propose its environmental applications. Place and Duration of Study: Center of Science and Technology from State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Campina Grande – PB, Brazil and Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology (NPCIAMB), Catholic University of Pernambuco - UNICAP, Recife-PE, Brazil between June 2011 and July 2012. Methodology: According to the proposed factorial design, the culture medium was developed and used for the production of biosurfactant and incubated at 28ºC, 155 rpm during 48 h. The produced biosurfactant was evaluated by emulsifying index, emulsifying activity and surface tension using hydrophobic substrates as vegetable oils after frying, nhexadecane and diesel. Results: The best results for emulsification index were found between 79.92 and 100% of emulsification and for activity were values between 2.304 and 5.000 EA (emulsification activity) using vegetable oil after frying as substrate. In relation of the surface tension, the best value obtained was 33.10mN/m in the condition of the central point of the experimental design. Conclusion: The results show that Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 was capable of producing a biosurfactant with emulsifying property from industrial wastes in the studied conditions in this work.

9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(1): 168-176, fev. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-704021

ABSTRACT

Chondrocytes obtained from stifle joint of New Zealand White rabbits were cultivated. Half of cells were maintained in culture for later implantation and the others frozen during six months to evaluate viability. A circular osteochondral defect was created in the right stifle of other twenty seven rabbits. The control group (CG) received no treatment. The thawed (TH) and fresh (FH) heterologous groups received, respectively, an implant of cultivated thawed or fresh heterologous chondrocytes associated with platelet rich plasma (PRP). The CG group showed greatest pain and lameness compared to the other groups seven days after the implantation. Microscopically, at 45 and 90 days, the TH and FH groups showed filling with cartilaginous tissue containing chondrocytes surrounded by a dense matrix of glycosaminoglycans. In the CG group, healing occurred with vascularized fibrous connective tissue without integration to the subchondral bone. Cryopreserved heterologous chondrocytes were viable for implantation and healing of osteochondral lesions; the association with PRP allows the fixation of cells in the lesion and offers growth factors which accelerates repair with tissue similar to articular hyaline cartilage.


Cultivaram-se condrócitos obtidos da articulação do joelho de coelhos. Metade das células foi mantida em cultura para posterior implantação, e a outra metade foi congelada durante seis meses com a finalidade de avaliar a viabilidade. Criou-se um defeito circular osteocondral no joelho direito de outros vinte e sete coelhos. O grupo controle (GC) não recebeu tratamento. Os grupos descongelado (TH) e fresco (FH) receberam, respectivamente, implantes heterólogos de condrócitos cultivados descongelados e frescos, associados com PRP. O grupo GC apresentou maior dor e claudicação em comparação com os outros grupos aos sete dias após o implante. Microscopicamente, aos 45 e 90 dias, os grupos TH e FH mostraram preenchimento da falha com tecido cartilaginoso contendo condrócitos circundados por uma matriz densa de glicosaminoglicanos. Nesse período, no grupo CG, a cura ocorreu com tecido conjuntivo fibroso vascularizado e sem integração com o osso subcondral. Condrócitos heterólogos criopreservados foram viáveis para implantação e tratamento de lesões osteocondrais; a associação com o PRP permitiu a fixação de células na lesão e ofereceu fatores de crescimento que aceleraram a reparação com o tecido semelhante à cartilagem hialina articular.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Absorbable Implants , Chondrocytes/transplantation , Platelet-Rich Plasma/cytology , Rabbits
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(6): 1649-1655, Dec. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660236

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição do feno de capim tifton pela casca de mamona, 0, 33, 66 e 100% na dieta de ovinos, sobre o peso e rendimento dos componentes não constituintes da carcaça e o rendimento de buchada e panelada. Vinte e oito animais não castrados, com sete meses de idade e peso inicial médio de 19,5±2,45kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e sete repetições, e abatidos após 70 dias de confinamento. Houve decréscimo linear nos pesos da língua (0,084 a 0,079kg), traqueia+pulmão (0,50 a 0,42kg), coração (0,14 a 0,12kg), timo (0,035 a 0,025kg), rins (0,100 a 0,088kg) e peso total dos órgãos (2,14 a 1,90kg) de acordo com o percentual de substituição. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado para os pesos do esôfago (0,051 a 0,045kg), rúmen-retículo (0,73 a 0,64kg), intestino delgado (0,78 a 0,64kg) e total de vísceras (2,17 a 1,92kg). Para os pesos da cabeça (1,99 a 1,66kg), patas (0,86 a 0,73kg), pele (2,49 a 1,99kg), sangue (1,36 a 1,19kg) e total de subprodutos (7,12 a 5,96kg) verificou-se efeito linear negativo de acordo com a substituição. O mesmo foi observado para os pesos de buchada (4,71 a 4,22kg) e panelada (7,55 a 6,61kg). A casca de mamona não deve substituir o feno de capim tifton na dieta de ovinos por causar decréscimo no peso de órgãos, vísceras e subprodutos e influenciar negativamente os pesos e rendimentos de buchada e panelada.


The effects of replacing tifton hay with 0, 33, 66 and 100% of castor bean hulls in the diet of sheep on the non-carcass components of weight and dressing and on the "buchada" and "panelada" yield were evaluated in this research. Twenty-eight non castrated sheep averaging seven months of age and with initial weight of 19.5±2.45kg were assigned to a randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates, and were slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. A linear decrease of tongue (0.084 to 0.079kg), trachea + lungs (0.50 to 0.42kg), heart (0.14 to 0.12kg), thymus (0.035 to 0.025kg), kidneys (0.100 to 0.088kg) weights and total weight of organs (2.14 to 1.90kg) was observed. The same behavior was observed for the esophagus (0.051 to 0.045kg), rumen-reticulum (0.73 to 0.64kg), small intestine (0.78 to 0.64kg) and total viscera (2.17 to 1.92kg) weights. There was a linear effect for the head (1.99 to 1.66kg), feet (0.86 to 0.73kg), skin (2.49 to 1.99kg), blood (1.36 to 1.19kg) and total by-products (7.12 to 5.96kg) weights according to the treatments and also for "buchada" (4.71 to 4.22kg) and "panelada" (7.55 to 6.61kg) weights. Castor bean hulls should not replace tifton hay because it decreases the weight of organs, viscera and by-products and adversely affects the "buchada" and "panelada" weight and dressing.


Subject(s)
Animals , Diet/veterinary , Ricinus/adverse effects , Sheep , Animal Feed , Viscera
11.
Arq. Inst. Biol. (Online) ; 77(4): 741-750, out.-dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1395925

ABSTRACT

Os métodos moleculares de detecção rápida e eficaz de lotes de aves infectados por bactérias como Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. e Listeria monocytogenes são importantes para reduzir a frequência da transmissão destes patógenos entre os lotes de aves e aos consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Recentemente, as técnicas de biologia molecular, em especial a reação em cadeia polimerase, que permite a amplificação específica de segmentos de DNA, têm possibilitado novos rumos na identificação de bactérias supracitadas, reduzindo o tempo de cultivo e ampliando a confiabilidade das provas diagnósticas. A utilização da biologia molecular por laboratórios de diagnóstico humano e animal, assim como em programas de controle de qualidade de alimentos e produtos de origem animal, já é realidade e tende a se expandir rapidamente. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão dos testes diagnósticos convencionais e moleculares para identificar Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Concluindo, o diagnóstico molecular é um campo em avanço científico e tecnológico, no qual novas técnicas moleculares estão em desenvolvimento para o diagnóstico de bactérias em alimentos.


The molecular methods for quick and efficient detection of chicken lots infected by bacteria such as Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. and Listeria monoytogenes is basic for the effort to reduce the frequency of the transmission between chicken lots and to the consumers of poultry products. Recently, the development of techniques involving molecular biology, especially polymerase chain reaction, which allows the specific enlargement of segments of DNA, has been making new procedures possible for the identification of the abovementioned bacteria, reducing the time necessary for the tests and enhancing the reliability of the resulting diagnoses. The use of molecular biology in laboratories for human and animal diagnosis, as well as in quality control programs for foods and products of animal origin is already a reality and has tended to expand quickly. The objective of this article is to present a brief review of the conventional diagnostic and molecular tests for the identification of Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion, molecular diagnosis is a field undergoing scientific and technological advancement, in which new molecular techniques are under development for the diagnosis of bacteria in foods.


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/diagnosis , Campylobacter Infections/diagnosis , Listeriosis/diagnosis , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , Microbiological Techniques/methods , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(6): 1485-1488, dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-476121

ABSTRACT

Foram coletados 665 espécimes de Argas miniatus em dois municípios dos estados da Bahia e Minas Gerais. Destes, 596 (89,6 por cento) tinham se alimentado, sendo que 489 (82 por cento) reagiram para um único tipo de sangue, distribuídos entre aves (46,8 por cento), roedores (30,9 por cento), gambás (14,5 por cento), bovinos (4,3 por cento) e eqüinos (3,5 por cento). Nesse tipo de reação, o sangue de mamíferos foi detectado em 53,2 por cento (260/489) dos argasídios. As reações múltiplas foram observadas em 107 (17,9 por cento) carrapatos, com sangue de aves presente em 84,1 por cento (90/107), enquanto, o sangue de mamíferos reagiu em 100 por cento (107/107). Os resultados apontam para a inespecificidade parasitária


Six hundred and sixty-five specimens of Argas miniatus were collected in two municipalities of Bahia and Minas Gerais states, Brazil. Five hundred and ninety-six (89.6 percent) of them had fed and 489 (82 percent) of them reacted to only one type of blood, including birds (46.8 percent), rodents (30.9 percent), opossuns (14.5 percent), bovines (4.3 percent) and horses (3.5 percent). In that reaction, the type of mammal blood was detected in 53.2 percent (260/489) of the ticks. Multiple reactions were observed in 107 (17.9 percent) ticks, with blood of birds present in 84.1 percent (90/107), while the blood of mammals was detected in 100 percent (107/107). The results point for the nonspecificity of parasitism


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Dogs , Rats , Argasidae/parasitology , Ticks/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions
13.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 4(2): 390-408, 30 jun. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-445280

ABSTRACT

In the struggle for life, the capacity of microorganisms to synthesize and secrete toxic compounds (inhibiting competitors) plays an important role in successful survival of these species. This ability must come together with the capability of being unaffected by these same compounds. Several mechanisms are thought to avoid the toxic effects. One of them is toxin extrusion from the intracellular environment to the outside vicinity, using special transmembrane proteins, referred to as transporters. These proteins are also important for other reasons, since most of them are involved in nutrient uptake and cellular excretion. In cancer cells and in pathogens, and particularly in fungi, some of these proteins have been pointed out as responsible for an important phenotype known as multidrug resistance (MDR). In the present study, we tried to identify in the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis transcriptome, transporter-ortholog genes from the two major classes: ATP binding cassette and major facilitator superfamily transporter. We found 22 groups with good similarity with other fungal ATP binding cassette transporters, and four Paracoccidioides brasilienses assembled expressed sequence tags that probably code for major facilitator superfamily proteins. We also focused on fungicide resistance orthologs already characterized in other pathogenic fungi. We were able to find homologs to C. albicans CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDR5 and Aspergillus AtrF genes, all of them related to azole resistance. As current treatment for paracoccidioidomycosis mainly uses azole derivatives, the presence of these genes can be postulated to play a similar role in P. brasiliensis, warning us for the possibility of resistant isolate emergence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Expressed Sequence Tags/metabolism , Paracoccidioides/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal/genetics , Transcription, Genetic , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics , Paracoccidioides/genetics , Paracoccidioides/metabolism , Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects , Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Membrane Transport Proteins/physiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal/physiology , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/drug effects , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
14.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 4(2): 346-357, 30 jun. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-445283

ABSTRACT

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermally dimorphic and a human pathogenic fungus. Our group has partially sequenced its transcriptome and generated a database of mycelial and yeast PbAESTs (P. brasiliensis assembled expressed sequence tags). In the present review we describe the identification of PbAESTs encoding molecular chaperones. These proteins, involved in protein folding and renaturation, are also implicated in several other biological processes, where the dimorphic transition is of particular interest. Another important issue concerning these proteins refers to their participation in the immunopathogenicity of infectious diseases. We have found 438 ESTs (184 in mycelium and 253 in yeast) encoding P. brasiliensis molecular chaperones and their co-chaperones, which were clustered in 48 genes. These genes were classified in families, corresponding to three small chaperones, nine HSP40s, 10 HSP60s, seven HSP70s, five HSP90s, four HSP100s, and 10 other chaperones. These results greatly increase the knowledge on P. brasiliensis molecular chaperones, since only eight of such proteins had been previously characterized.


Subject(s)
Humans , Molecular Chaperones/genetics , Expressed Sequence Tags/chemistry , Paracoccidioides/genetics , Transcription, Genetic/genetics , DNA, Complementary , DNA, Fungal , Genes, Fungal , Heat-Shock Response/genetics
15.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 26(3): 199-203, 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-458680

ABSTRACT

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome decorrente da falta de insulina e/ou da incapacidade da insulina de exercer adequadamente seus efeitos, devido à redução da sensibilidade dos tecidos a este hormônio.O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), atinge entre 80 a 90 por cento da população diabética, sendo que cerca de 7,6 por cento dos indivíduos com idade entre 30 e 69 anos são portadores de DM, aumentando para 20 por cento nos pacientes com idade superior a 70 anos.Além da obesidade, o aumento da mortalidade nos pacientes com DM2 está relacionado à agregação de vários fatores de risco, como hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia e ausência de informações do paciente em relação à sua patologia.O tratamento do DM baseia-se no aumento da atividade física, suspensão do fumo, hábitos alimentares corretos e, se necessário, uso de insulina e antidiabéticos orais.Esse trabalho realizou um levantamento farmacoepidemiológico com 130 pacientes portadores de DM atendidos pela UBS São José em Ribeirão Preto, SP.Foram avaliadas as 130 prescrições medicamentosas indicadas aos usuários, com relação aos fármacos prescritos, bem como as doses e o tipo de DM de cada paciente.Os pacientes diagnosticados com DM2 utilizaram para o tratamento quatro esquemas terapêuticos distintos:monoterapia com glibenclamida(38,5 por cento),monoterapia com metformina (24,6por cento), metformina associada com glibenclamida (19,2 por cento) e metformina associada com insulina (5,4 por cento).Dos usuários, 12,3 por cento eram portadores de DM1 e utilizaram apenasinsulina.Concluiu-se que a prescrição racional e o seguimento farmacoterapêutico podem diminuir a incidência de comorbidades e melhorar a adesão dos pacientes portadores de DM.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Health Centers , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Pharmaceutical Preparations
16.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430663

ABSTRACT

Las B-Lactamasas de espectro expandido (BLEE), son un grupo de enzimas de codificación plasmícidas derivadas de las TEM-1,2 y SHV-1, capaces de hidrolizar los antibióticos betalactámicos, específicamente cefalosporinas de tercera generación y al monobactam. Inicialmente fueron detectadas en aislamientos clínicos de Klebsiella pneumoniae y escherichia coli hoy día se han encontrado en una gran variedad de enterobacterias, lo cual constituye un problema para el clínico al momento de iniciar una terapia antimicrobiana. Se han aislados con mayor frecuencia en muestras procedentes de pacientes hospitalizados, pero también pueden encontrarse en muestras de origen comunitario. Por ser un tipo de resistencia de codificación plasmídica hace que sea transferible fácilmente por mecanismos de conjugación entre diferentes especies bacterianas. El laboratorio de bacteriología juega un papel muy importante en la detección de estos aislamientos y posibles brotes nosocomiales, ya que la detección precoz de las mismas es importante para comenzar el tratamiento adecuado. Existen varias técnicas para detectar en el laboratorio este tipo de enzimas siendo la empleada por nosotros en el laboratorio de Bacteriología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, la técnica de doble difusión con discos, en la cual se observa una ampliación del halo de inhibición en las cefalosporinas y el aztreonam con respecto al disco de amoxacilina/ácido clavulánico, si en la bacteria está presente dicha enzima2. En este estudio se determina cual es la incidencia de las BLEE en muestras de sangre y LCR, en pacientes con mal pronóstico de vida


Subject(s)
beta-Lactamases , Blood Specimen Collection , Plasmids , Bacteriology , Medicine , Venezuela
17.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 37(8): 1155-1160, Aug. 2004. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-362554

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a sample of delinquent adolescents of both genders and to compare the prevalence between genders. A total of 116 adolescents (99 males and 17 females) aged 12 to 19 on parole in the State of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed using the screening interview based on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime (KSADS-PL). Data were collected between May 2002 and January 2003. Of 373 male and 58 female adolescents present in May 2002 in the largest institution that gives assistance to adolescents on parole in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 119 subjects were assessed (three of them refused to participate). Their average age was 16.5 years with no difference between genders. The screening interview was positive for psychopathology for most of the sample, with the frequencies of the suggested more prevalent psychiatric disorders being 54 percent for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 77 percent for conduct disorder, 41 percent for oppositional defiant disorder, 57 percent for anxiety disorder 57, 60 percent for depressive disorder 60, 63 percent for illicit drug abuse, and 58 percent for regular alcohol use. Internalizing disorders (depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and phobias) were more prevalent in the female subsample. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of illicit drug abuse between genders. There were more male than female adolescents on parole and failure to comply with the sentence was significantly more frequent in females. The high prevalence of psychopathology suggested by this study indicates the need for psychiatric treatment as part of the prevention of juvenile delinquency or as part of the sentence. However, treatment had never been available for 93 percent of the sample in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adolescent, Institutionalized , Juvenile Delinquency , Mental Disorders , Brazil , Interview, Psychological , Prevalence
18.
Rev. Soc. Venez. Microbiol ; 23(1): 65-69, ene.-jun. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-412169

ABSTRACT

Se designa como botriomicosis a la infección granulomatosa crónica causada por bacterias, que afectan piel y vísceras. Fue descrita por primera vez en 1870 por Bollinger. El primer caso en humanos se reportó en 1910, por Archibald. Clínicamente mimetiza patologías neoplásicas (Slootmaekers, 1997) e infecciones micóticas o por actinomicetos (Picou, 1979). Histológicamente puede presentarse con características comunes a micosis e infecciones bacterianas especificas. Staphylococcus aureus es el agente más frecuente (wu, 1978), junto a Pseudomonas sp. E. coli Neisseria sp. (Bishop 1076; Fain 1997; Washburn 1985). Se caracteriza macroscópicamente por lesiones nodulares de contenido purulento, con tendencia a fistulizar; y microscópicamente por granulomas con agrupaciones bacterianas, generalmente en racimos, embebidas en un amatriz hialina eosinofílica (Shlossberg, 1998), contenida en una cápsula fibrosa, apariencia que semeja los gránulos actinomicóticos. La forma cutánea es la más frecuente y con mejor pronóstico, a diferencia de la forma visceral. Se asocia con fibrosis quística (Katnelsen, 1964) alteraciones en la inmunidad celular (Buckley, 1968), enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (Washburn. 1985), diabetes mellitus (Leibowitz, 1981), pacientes VIH-positivos (Toth, 1987) y como infección oportunista poco frecuente (Klassen, 1996). El diagnóstico se realiza por demostración del agente a través de coloraciones, cultivo y otras técnicas, y al excluir hongos y actinomicetos (Brown, 1990). El tratamiento es en base a antibioticoterapia prolongada, escisión quirúrgica (Chu, 1994) y otras técnicas complementarias (Leffell, 1989)


Subject(s)
Humans , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic , HIV , Staphylococcus aureus , Treatment Outcome , Microbiology , Venezuela
19.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 13(1): 1111-1114, mar. 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-338106

ABSTRACT

El tumor fibroso solitario se localiza principalmente en la pleura. Su localización extrapleural es rara, en cabeza y cuello se han encontrado pocos casos, principalmente en los senos paranasales y rinofaringe. De igual manera es de presentación infrecuente la localización en los tejidos blandos de la órbita, la cual ha sido descrita recientemente. El objetivo de este informe es la presentación clínica patológica y por imágenes de un caso tratado en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, en conjunto con la Clínica Barraquer


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Orbital Neoplasms , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 96(5): 641-647, July 2001. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-289347

ABSTRACT

A white Shannon-type trap was used for captures of female sand flies in the search for natural infection with flagellates, however, due to its low productivity and as a large number of phlebotomines settled on the researchers' black clothes, we decided to compare the relative attractiveness of black and white Shannon-type traps for sand flies. Several pairs of black and white traps were placed side by side in front of caves in four areas in the Serra da Bodoquena, Bonito county, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, for a total of 12 observations and 44 h of capture. The experiment resulted in 889 phlebotomines captured, 801 on the black and 88 on the white trap, representing 13 species. The hourly Williams' means were 8.67 and 1.24, respectively, and the black/white ratio was 7.0:1.0. Lutzomyia almerioi, an anthropophilic species closely associated with caves, was predominant (89 percent). Only two other species, Nyssomyia whitmani and Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, also anthropophilic, were significantly attracted to the black rather than to the white trap (chi2 test; p <= 0.01). The difference between the diversity index of the two traps was not significant at level 0.05. The black trap in these circumstances was much more productive than the white, especially for anthropophilic species


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Psychodidae/physiology , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Photic Stimulation , Psychodidae/classification , Clothing , Color
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