ABSTRACT
Introduction : The medical personnel especially have to deal with both the Biological and Psychological consequences originating from the influence of virus. Emergency Care Units equipped with ambulance service always should be at the fore front to face all emerging untoward incidents. Ambulance Drivers often disregard their physical health and mental stress in order to fulfil the duties entrusted on them. Methodology : Cross-sectional questionnaire based on-line survey was conducted. Ambulance drivers were North and South India were taken as study subjects. Knowledge based questions and mental stress were assessed using Perceived Stress level Scale (PSS). The questionnaires were translated toTamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi languages. Chi-square test was done to find the association between variables. Results : Among the 101 respondents, 84.2% were having good knowledge about the pandemic. Statistically significant association between number of patients transported per day and the knowledge levels of Ambulance drivers was found (p =0.048)(Chi-square value=15.65). Drivers in Government sector were having more knowledge compared to private sector (p =0.038)(Chi square value=6.53). The perceived mental stress was found to increase with a greater number of patients being transported per day, which was statistically significant (p =0.001)(Chi-square value= 30.42). Conclusion : Knowledge regarding COVID-19 virus was adequate among the Ambulance Drivers. Knowledge was found to be more among drivers who work in Government medical establishments. Mental stress was more among drivers who transported more than 5 patients per day.
ABSTRACT
Ayurveda holds a prominent and exceptional place in Indian scientific heritage. Ayurveda places a strong emphasis on prevention and aids in promoting and extending a happy, healthy life. Chikitsa in Ayurveda is the result of diligent effort and judicious use of Chatushpada (Four pillars of treatment). Bhaishajya kalpana is an important branch of Ayurveda which mainly deals with the development of diverse Ayurvedic formulations. Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana is the basic five therapeutic preparations. Varti Kalpana is a unique Ayurvedic dosage form and it is an Upakalpana of Kalka Kalpana mentioned in Panchavidha kashaya kalpana. Its mode of action and administration is different from Vati Kalpana even though it has similar physical structure and method of preparation. Bruhatrayees were extensively explains about different types of Varti like Netra Varti, Guda Varti, Yoni Varti etc. Siras, Basthi and Hrudayam are collectively called as Trimarma and Guda is one among the Maha marma. Diseases of these vital parts can be safely managed with Varti prayoga without causing any complications. Varti prayoga is included in Stanika chikitsa (local treatment) but it can impart local as well as systemic effect. Manasiladi Dhumavarti indicated in Kasa, Kayastyadi Varti and Yashtyadi Varti in Apasmara, Sallakadi dhumavarti in Unmada are the examples of Varti prayoga which exert systemic effect. The convenience of Varti is enhanced by its simple administration, quick response, and user-friendliness.
ABSTRACT
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), with a dwindling population size, are distributed across sub-Saharan Africa. They are classified into two biogeographical clusters comprising of four subspecies: a western African cluster that includes P. t. verus and P. t. ellioti and a central/eastern African cluster that includes P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii. While the genetic distinctness of NigeriaCameroonian chimpanzees (P. t. ellioti) from western chimpanzees has been known for a while, the fine structures within P. t. ellioti population has remained under-studied. In this study, we developed the first ever ancestry informative marker (AIMs) panel that can detect the fine population structure within Nigeria-Cameroonian chimpanzees with high resolution. We compared four commonly used AIMsdetermining strategies, namely Infocalc algorithm, Wright’s FST, smart principal component analysis (SmartPCA) and ADMIXTURE to first identify the best approach and then developed an AIMs panel of 435 SNPs employing the consensus of the four approaches (n = 129), with additional supplements from the best two approaches (Infocalc and ADMIXTURE). To the best of our knowledge, we have developed the first-ever AIMs panel for chimpanzees, which can greatly aid in their planned reintroduction to the natural habitat, maintaining their genetic integrity through planned captive breeding, and in tracking illegal trading across the globe
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The objectives of the present study were to determine the type of the pterion in the dry human skulls of Dakshina Kannada district of Southern India and to study its topography. Materials and Methods: The present study included 32 adult human skulls of unknown gender. The pterions of both the right and left sides were studied. Results: The present study observed all the 4 types of pterion. Among them, Spheno-parietal type was higher in frequency. This type was found on right side 25 (78.1%) and left side 28 (87.5%) skulls. The distance between the centres of pterion to the midpoint of zygomatic arch (P-ZA) was 40.08±0.46 mm on the right side of the skull, whereas on left side of the skull it was 39.9±0.17 mm. Distance between the centre of pterion to the posterolateral aspect of fronto-zygomatic suture (P-FZ) on right side of the skull was 30.37±0.44 mm and it was 29.53±0.26 mm on the left side. Conclusion: We believe that the present study has provided the additional information about the morphology and morphometry of pterion, which is important to the neurosurgical and radiological literature.
ABSTRACT
Pogostemon auricularius is an aromatic herb belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Objectives: In the present study we have utilized the Allium cepa root tip meristem model to evaluate the cytotoxic and antimitotic potential of P. auricularius. Methods: The roots of Allium cepa were exposed to different concentrations of the aqueous leaf extracts (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%), for four different time durations, using distilled water as the control. Results: Chromosome anomalies including formation of sticky chromosomes, chromosome bridges and several other metaphasic and anaphasic disorders were induced by all the extract concentrations. Conclusions: Mitotic index was found to be decreasing, which was concentration dependent. All the extracts induced lowering of the mitotic index when compared to the distilled water control.
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Background and Objectives:Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are very common in regular computer users and leading cause of work related illness. The objective of the present study is to evaluate effectiveness of yogic exercises in the improvement of symptoms of MSDs of upper limbs. Materials and Methods: 60 study participants were randomly divided into two groups that is yoga with counselling and only counselling group for 12 weeks. Symptom severity and functional status were assessed using the self administered Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire and predesigned symptom questionnaire before and after intervention. Results: There was significant reduction in symptom severity score (P = 0.002) and improvement in functional status score in yoga with counselling group when compared to only counselling group. There is also a significant decrease in self reported symptoms like CT myalgia symptom (P = 0.019) and improvement in weakness. Conclusion: The present study showed a yoga based regimen is more effective than counselling alone in relieving symptoms of computer related musculoskeletal disorders.