ABSTRACT
Background: There is some evidence indicating that Matricaria chamomile [MC] had protective effects on ischemia- reperfusion. In the present study, a rat model was used to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of MC on torsion/detorsion-induced testis tissue damage
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: G1, Sham operated; G2, testicular torsion/detorsion [T/D]; G3, rats with testicular torsion/detorsion that received 300 mg/kg of MC extracts 30 minutes before detorsion [T/DMC]; and G4, healthy rats that received 300 mg/kg of MC extracts [MC]. Also, the reperfusion period was 24 hours. After blood sampling, the oxidative stress marker [e.g. superoxide dismutase [SOD] levels], blood levels of testosterone, and anti-oxidant enzyme levels [e.g. glutathione peroxidase [GPx]] were assessed by ELISA methods. Serum activity of malondialdehyde [MDA] was evaluated by spectrophotometry. Another assessment was carried out by histomorphometry, 24-hour post-procedure. The histological parameters investigated by Johnson's scores [JS], also the seminiferous tubule diameter [STD] and the height of the germinal epithelium [HE] measured using the linear eyepiece grids using light microscopy
Results: Histological features significantly differed between sham and the other groups. The levels of SOD, GPx, and testosterone hormone were significantly decreased in T/D group as compared to sham group, while these parameters increased in T/DMC group as compared to T/D group. During ischemia, the MDA levels increased; however, treatment with MC extract decreased the MDA levels in G3 and G4 groups
Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that MC can protect the testis tissue against torsion/detorsion- induced damages by suppressing superoxide production
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The aim of this study was to design and assess the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria chamomilla (MC) on preantral follicle culture of mouse ovaries in a three-dimensional culture system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Isolated preantral follicles were randomly divided into three main groups: the control group containing 10% fetal bovine serum without MC extract (G1), the first experimental group supplemented with 25 μg/ml hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile (G2), and the second experimental group supplemented with 50 μg/ml hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile (G3).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 12 days of culture, the survival rate (P < 0.05), antrum formation (P < 0.01), metaphase two oocytes (P < 0.01), and the expression of PCNA (P < 0.05) and FSHR (P < 0.05) genes significantly decreased in G3 as compared with G1. On the other hand, at the last day of culture (day 12), the mean diameter of follicles cultured in the medium which was supplemented with 50 μg/ml hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile significantly decreased as compared with the G1 (P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone hormones significantly increased in the medium of G3 relative to G1 (P < 0.01), while in the medium of G1, the level of 17β-estradiol was significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.01). Reactive oxygen species levels of metaphase II oocytes were significantly decreased in G2 as compared with G1 (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adding chamomile extract to culture media appeared to decrease follicular function and development.</p>
ABSTRACT
Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis [M.a.p] causes chronic intestinal inflammation in dairy cattle and eventually leads to Johne's disease. In some studies, mentioned bacteria has been detected and isolated from milk. As regards, during the milking process; milk could get contaminated with chattels feces, therefore the extent of contamination of milk depends on hygienic methods prior and during of milking and the preparation and delivery to the consumer market processes too. So, the aim of this study was determined the prevalence of mentioned bacteria in pasteurized milk in Ardebil province by PCR method for the first time
Methods: In total; 330 commercially pasteurized milk samples were purchased from various production centers of Ardebil province and 50ml from each sample were centrifuged for M.a.p DNA extraction. Extracted DNA was evaluated for the presence of M.a.p's specific sequence of IS900 by two protocol of PCR assay
Results: M.a.p DNA was detected in 33cases [10% of samples] by assay with F90,F91 primers, 22 cases [6.66% of samples] by assay with FP25, RP26 primers and 11 cases [3.33% of samples] by assay with both pairs primers
Conclusions: The results obtained from this study; demonstrate a relatively high occurrence of M.a.p in pasteurized milk. In addition, regarding the possible etiological role of M.a.p in the development of Crohn's diseases [Infectious Bowel Disease], it is considered as a serious concern for public health
ABSTRACT
Spermatocytogenesis starts from lumens of seminiferous cords and after migration to the basal membrane ends to the lumens again. We attempt to review the protective effects of melatonin and ghrelin on Spermatocytogenesis and in particular on spermatogonial stem cells, as two rather newly-discovered hormones. Testicular freezing prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is one of the ways of preserving fertility in children with cancer. The freezing has two methods of slow-freezing [cryopreservation] and rapid-freezing [vitrification]. Administration of melatonin can maintain the quality of the germ cells underwent such processes, as well as ghrelin, can protect germ cells from the toxicities secondary to ischemic injuries, and pathologic apoptosis. This review indicates that in vitro or in vivo administration of melatonin or ghrelin, could be effective to preserve fertilization and also they can be used in assisted reproductive technologies to improve the quality of sperms. Future original studies should be propelled toward human studies, of course with observing the ethics
ABSTRACT
Background: Recently, there are increasing concerns and interests about the potential effects of Electromagnetic Field [EMF] on both human and animal health
Objective:The goal of this study was to evaluate the harmful effects of 50 Hz non-ionizing EMF on rat oocytes
Materials and Methods:In this experimental study 30 rats were randomly taken from laboratory animals and their ags and weights were determined. These 3 month's old rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The control group consisted of 10 rats without receiving any treatment and kept under normal conditions. Experimental group 1 [10 rats] received EMF for 8 weeks [3 weeks intrauterine +5 weeks after births] and experimental group 2 [10 rats] received EMF for 13 weeks [3 weeks intrauterine +10 weeks after birth]. After removing the ovaries and isolating follicles, granulosa cells were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Electron microscopy was used to investigate the traumatic effects of EMF on follicles
Results: In control group nucleus membrane and mitochondria in follicle's cytoplasm seemed normal in appearance. Theca layer of primary follicles in experimental group was separated clearly, zona layer demonstrated trot with irregular thickness and ovarian stroma seemed isolated with dilated vessels showing infiltration
Conclusion:According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that EMF has harmful effects on the ovarian follicles
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: After Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa has been the third most common cause of nosocomial infections and their active opportunistic transport, occurs due to the disregarding public health, So this study was done in order to investigate the antibacterial effects of Essential oils and Ethanol extracts of the Native Plants, Ziziphora Clinopodioides on the isolated bacteria from the urinary tract of laboratory rats, as an experimental model
Materials and Methods: Under sterile conditions, required amount of urine collection was taken from 40 healthy Wistar rats and after identifying the isolates with standard microbiologic methods, to determine the antimicrobial effects of essential oils and ethanol extracts of that native plants on the isolates, MIC, MBC and antibiogram tests was performed
Results: The results showed that both essential oils and ethanol extracts of Ziziphora Clinopodioides have inhibitory and bactericidal effects on all isolated bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and comparison of the inhibitory and bactericidal effects of these compounds revealed that the essential oils of this plant compared to its extracts is able to inhibit the growth isolated bacteria with low concentrations. Also, there was a significant difference between the antibacterial activity of these plants [P<0.05]
Conclusions: It seems that we can use the compounds of Ziziphora Clinopodioides as the appropriate antibacterial materials against bacteria such as opportunistic pathogens [except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa], that may cause the human infections
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Oils, Volatile , Plant Extracts , Ethanol , Urinary Tract/microbiology , Bacteria , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Antibiotic therapies used in treatment of many diseases have adverse effects on fertility. This review analyzes previous comparative studies that surveyed the effects of two common groups of antibiotics on male fertility. To evaluate histo-pathological effects of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides on sperm parameters and male reproductive tissue. Articles about the effects of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones on male infertility, sperm parameters, male reproductive tissue, and spermatogenesis in English and Persian languages published on Google Scholar and PubMed databases from January 2000 to December 2013 were assessed. Randomized controlled trials [RCTs] assessing the effects of aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolones on sperm parameters, artificial insemination, and male reproductive tract or RCTs comparing aminoglycosides vs. fluoroquinolones were eligible for inclusion. For ascertaining the reliability of study, data were extracted independently and in duplicate by two investigators. Sperm viability was decreased significantly with streptomycin, gentamicin, and neomycin [p<0.001]. Sperm motility was decreased significantly with gentamicin and neomycin [p<0.05]. Total sperm count was significantly decreased with ofloxacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and neomycin [p<0.022]. There was significant decrease in post-thawing motility with low dose and high dose of ciprofloxacin. Testis weight was decreased with gentamicin and ofloxacin significantly [p<0.011]. There was significant decrease in seminal vesicle weight with gentamicin, neomycin, and ofloxacin [p<0.022]. Furthermore, changes in epididymis weight, percentage of total apoptotic cells, and diameter of seminiferous tubule were significant with all drugs including streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin, and ofloxacin [p<0.05]. Streptomycin has less negative effects on cell's apoptosis and sperm parameters as compared to other drugs. Gentamicin has more detrimental effects so lesser dosage and duration is recommended. Fluoroquinolones showed negative effects on testis tissue and sperm parameters. Ciprofloxacin has less adverse effects than gentamicin in artificial insemination
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Fluoroquinolones/adverse effects , Spermatozoa/drug effects , ReproductionABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is the most frequent cause of female infertility, affecting about 4% to 8% of women in the age of procreation. For evaluation the protective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on ovarian structure in experimental PCO induced by estradiol-valerat, this research was done. Wistar female rats [n=40] were allocated into four groups, one control [n=10] and three test groups [n=30], that one group received omega-3 [60 mg/rat/orally/daily], second and third groups were induced PCO by single injection of estradiol-valerate [16mg/ kg/ i.m], third group also received omega-3 [240 mg/kg] for 60 consequence days. Animals were kept in standard conditions. On day 60, the ovarian tissue of Rats in whole groups were removed and prepared for pathological analysis. Vacuolated area and rough endoplasmic reticulum expanded, de-granulated, disorganized were seen in PCO groups; however, these side effects decreased in the groups that received omega-3 significantly. [p<0.05] in comparison to experiment groups and ovarian weights in PCO experimental decreased significantly [p<0.05]. Results revealed that administration of omega-3 could significantly treat PCO. This suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acid could diminish negative side effects of PCO on ovary tissue
Subject(s)
Female , Animals, Laboratory , Organelles/drug effects , Ovary/drug effects , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Rats, Wistar , Estradiol/analogs & derivativesABSTRACT
We performed this study to evaluate use of fresh and frozen sperm samples in non-obstructive azoospermia microdissection testicular sperm extraction [micro-TESE-ICSI] treatment. We performed a total of 82 consecutive in vitro fertilization [IVF] cycles at Fertijin IVF Center in Istanbul, Turkey from January 2010 to March 2012. In 43 participants we used fresh sperm and frozen sperm in the remaining 39 cases. We used fresh and frozen thawed micro surgical testicular sperm extraction [micro TESE] sperm for ICSI with metaphase II [MII] oocytes. Frozen microTESE sperm was used in 39 cycles, while 43 ICSI cycles were performed using fresh microTESE. Neither the age of male partners [38.33 +/- 5.93 and 38.13 +/- 8.28] nor that of the female participants [33.16 +/- 6.38 and 33.33 +/- 6.97] showed significant difference between fresh versus the microTESE and frozen treatment groups, respectively. FSH concentrations were [14.66 +/- 13.93 mIU/ml] in fresh TESE group and [17.91 +/- 16.29 mIU/ml] in frozen group with no correlations or differences between the two groups. The average number of mature oocytes injected with sperm was 9.23 +/- 3.77, versus 9.26 +/- 5.26 in cycles using fresh and frozen microTESE sperm, respectively. Fertilization rate was not significantly different in the fresh microTESE [44.79%] than frozen TESE sperm group [46.76%]. The average number of transferred embryos was 1.60 +/- 0.49 in fresh sperm group and 1.59 +/- 0.50 in frozen sperm group. All embryo transfers were performed on day 3. Cryopreservation of testicular sperm tissues is more suitable and of great benefite if carried out before ovulation induction and not after, especially in cases with non-obstructive azoospermia
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Spermatozoa , Azoospermia , Ovulation InductionABSTRACT
To investigate the comparative effects of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones on testis structure and serum testosterone hormone level in rats. Forty male Wister rats were randomly divided into control [n=10] and experimental [n=30] groups. The experimental groups were subdivided into three groups of ten. Each received 5 mg/kg [IP] Gentamicin, 40mg/kg [IP] Streptomycin and 72mg/kg [IP] Ofloxacin daily for 14 days, respectively; however, the control group just received vehicle [IP]. In the fourteenth day, 5cc blood was collected for testosterone hormone then rats were killed and testis tissues were also prepared for light and electron microscopic study. Depletion of germ cells, germinal cells necrosis, especially in spermatogonia, and Leydig cells had an abnormal fibroblast-like appearance. Abnormal space between neighbour sertoli cells, mitochondria were lost cristae and vacuolated [none energized], lyzosome seen more in cytoplasm of sertoli cells and Veins congestion were seen in gentamicin and ofloxacin groups. These side effects were seen fewer in Streptomycin group. Gentamicin, Streptomycin and Ofloxacin have negative effects on testis architecture and germinal cells damages in rats. However, these side effects are seen less in the Streptomycin group. Therefore, it is recommended that usage of this drug have fewer side effects on male fertility